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Author Mormède, P.; Andanson, S.; Aupérin, B.; Beerda, B.; Guémené, D.; Malmkvist, J.; Manteca, X.; Manteuffel, G.; Prunet, P.; van Reenen, C.G.; Richard, S.; Veissier, I. url  doi
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  Title Exploration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function as a tool to evaluate animal welfare Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Physiology & Behavior Abbreviated Journal Physiol. Behav.  
  Volume (down) 92 Issue 3 Pages 317-339  
  Keywords Stress; Animal welfare; HPA axis; Glucocorticoid hormones; Acth; Dexamethasone suppression test; Cattle; Pig; Fur animals; Mink; Fox; Poultry; Fish  
  Abstract Measuring HPA axis activity is the standard approach to the study of stress and welfare in farm animals. Although the reference technique is the use of blood plasma to measure glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol or corticosterone), several alternative methods such as the measurement of corticosteroids in saliva, urine or faeces have been developed to overcome the stress induced by blood sampling itself. In chronic stress situations, as is frequently the case in studies about farm animal welfare, hormonal secretions are usually unchanged but dynamic testing allows the demonstration of functional changes at several levels of the system, including the sensitization of the adrenal cortex to ACTH and the resistance of the axis to feedback inhibition by corticosteroids (dexamethasone suppression test). Beyond these procedural aspects, the main pitfall in the use of HPA axis activity is in the interpretation of experimental data. The large variability of the system has to be taken into consideration, since corticosteroid hormone secretion is usually pulsatile, follows diurnal and seasonal rhythms, is influenced by feed intake and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, age and physiological state, just to cite the main sources of variation. The corresponding changes reflect the important role of glucocorticoid hormones in a number of basic physiological processes such as energy metabolism and central nervous system functioning. Furthermore, large differences have been found across species, breeds and individuals, which reflect the contribution of genetic factors and environmental influences, especially during development, in HPA axis functioning. Usually, these results will be integrated with data from behavioral observation, production and pathology records in a comprehensive approach of farm animal welfare.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4454  
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Author Li, F.-H.; Zhong, W.-Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, D.-H. doi  openurl
  Title Rank in a food competition test and humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Physiology & behavior Abbreviated Journal Physiol. Behav.  
  Volume (down) 90 Issue 2-3 Pages 490-495  
  Keywords Animals; Antibody Formation/*physiology; Arvicolinae/immunology/*physiology; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; *Dominance-Subordination; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Hydrocortisone/blood; Male; *Social Dominance; Spleen/immunology/physiology  
  Abstract Social status can influence an animal's immune and reproductive functions, eventually leading to alterations in immunocompetence and reproductive success. Here, we report that rank assessed in a food competition test, considered as an index of social status, has significant influences on humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) living in a group. Our data reveal a negative correlation of the spleen mass and serum antibody levels with social status, as well as a positive correlation of serum cortisol levels with social status. Males winning in food competition had a smaller spleen, a lower level of serum antibodies, and a higher level of serum cortisol than did their conspecific counterparts. These data indicate interactions between social status and humoral immune functions and might illustrate a trade-off between infection risks and reproductive success in male Brandt's voles.  
  Address State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 25 Beisihuan Xilu, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China  
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  ISSN 0031-9384 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:17141282 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 804  
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Author Turner, K.K.; Nielsen, B.D.; O'Connor, C.I.; Burton, J.L. doi  openurl
  Title Bee pollen product supplementation to horses in training seems to improve feed intake: A pilot study Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition Abbreviated Journal J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)  
  Volume (down) 90 Issue 9-10 Pages 414-420  
  Keywords *Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Antibody Formation; Bees; Detergents; Dietary Fiber/metabolism; Dietary Supplements; *Digestion; Eating/*drug effects; Exercise Test/veterinary; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology; Horses/blood/immunology/*physiology; Leukocyte Count/*veterinary; Male; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects/physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology; Pilot Projects; *Pollen; Random Allocation  
  Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of supplementation of Dynamic Trio 50/50, a bee pollen-based product, to improve physical fitness, blood leukocyte profiles, and nutritional variables in exercised horses. Ten Arabian horses underwent a standardised exercise test (SET), then were pair-matched by sex and fitness and randomly assigned to BP (receiving 118 g of Dynamic Trio 50/50 daily) or CO (receiving 73 g of a placebo) for a period of 42 days. A total collection was conducted from days 18 to 21 on six geldings to determine nutrient retention and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility. Horses were exercise conditioned and completed another SET on day 42. V160 and V200 were calculated from SET heart rates (HR). Lactate, glucose, haematocrit (HT) and haemoglobin (HB) concentrations were determined from SET blood samples. Total leukocyte count, and circulating numbers of various leukocytes and IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations were determined in rest and recovery blood samples from both SETs. Geldings on BP (n = 3) ate more feed than CO. BP had less phosphorus excretion, and tended to retain more nitrogen. BP tended to digest more NDF and ADF while having lower NDF digestibility and tending to have lower ADF digestibility. No treatment differences existed for V160 and V200, HR, lactate, HT and HB. There was a trend for lymphocyte counts to be lower in BP than CO on day 42. Dynamic Trio 50/50 supplementation may have a positive effect on performance by helping horses in training meet their potentially increased nutrient demands by increasing feed intake and thus nutrient retention.  
  Address Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. kturner@uga.edu  
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  ISSN 0931-2439 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:16958799 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4237  
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Author McCutcheon, L.J.; Geor, R.J. openurl 
  Title Influence of training on sweating responses during submaximal exercise in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) Abbreviated Journal J Appl Physiol  
  Volume (down) 89 Issue 6 Pages 2463-2471  
  Keywords Animals; Body Fluids/metabolism; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Environment; Female; Horses/*physiology; Ions; Male; Motor Activity/*physiology; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology; Sweat/chemistry; Sweating/*physiology; Time Factors  
  Abstract Sweating responses were examined in five horses during a standardized exercise test (SET) in hot conditions (32-34 degrees C, 45-55% relative humidity) during 8 wk of exercise training (5 days/wk) in moderate conditions (19-21 degrees C, 45-55% relative humidity). SETs consisting of 7 km at 50% maximal O(2) consumption, determined 1 wk before training day (TD) 0, were completed on a treadmill set at a 6 degrees incline on TD0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. Mean maximal O(2) consumption, measured 2 days before each SET, increased 19% [TD0 to 42: 135 +/- 5 (SE) to 161 +/- 4 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)]. Peak sweating rate (SR) during exercise increased on TD14, 28, 42, and 56 compared with TD0, whereas SRs and sweat losses in recovery decreased by TD28. By TD56, end-exercise rectal and pulmonary artery temperature decreased by 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C, respectively, and mean change in body mass during the SET decreased by 23% (TD0: 10.1 +/- 0.9; TD56: 7.7 +/- 0.3 kg). Sweat Na(+) concentration during exercise decreased, whereas sweat K(+) concentration increased, and values for Cl(-) concentration in sweat were unchanged. Moderate-intensity training in cool conditions resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in sweating sensitivity evident by 4 wk and a 0.7 +/- 0.1 degrees C decrease in sweating threshold after 8 wk during exercise in hot, dry conditions. Altered sweating responses contributed to improved heat dissipation during exercise and a lower end-exercise core temperature. Despite higher SRs for a given core temperature during exercise, decreases in recovery SRs result in an overall reduction in sweat fluid losses but no change in total sweat ion losses after training.  
  Address Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1. jmccutch@uoguelph.ca  
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  ISSN 8750-7587 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:11090603 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1922  
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Author Dugatkin, L.A. doi  openurl
  Title Animal cooperation among unrelated individuals Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Die Naturwissenschaften Abbreviated Journal Naturwissenschaften  
  Volume (down) 89 Issue 12 Pages 533-541  
  Keywords Animals; Phylogeny; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity  
  Abstract The evolution of cooperation has long been a topic near and dear to the hearts of behavioral and evolutionary ecologists. Cooperative behaviors run the gamut from fairly simple to very complicated and there are a myriad of ways to study cooperation. Here I shall focus on three paths that have been delineated in the study of intraspecific cooperation among unrelated individuals: reciprocity, byproduct mutualism, and group selection. In each case, I attempt to delineate the theory underlying each of these paths and then provide examples from the empirical literature. In addition, I shall briefly touch upon some recent work that has attempted to examine (or re-examine) the role of cognition and phylogeny in the study of cooperative behavior. While empirical and theoretical work has made significant strides in the name of better understanding the evolution and maintenance of cooperative behavior in animals, much work remains for the future. “From the point of view of the moralist, the animal world is on about the same level as the gladiator's show. The creatures are fairly well treated, and set to fight; whereby the strongest, the swiftest and the cunningest live to fight another day. The spectator has no need to turn his thumb down, as no quarter is given em leader the weakest and the stupidest went to the wall, while the toughest and the shrewdest, those who were best fitted to cope with their circumstances, but not the best in any other way, survived. Life was a continuous free fight, and em leader a war of each against all was the normal state of existence.” (Huxley 1888)  
  Address Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. lee.dugatkin@louisville.edu  
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  ISSN 0028-1042 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:12536274 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2797  
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Author Saigo, S. openurl 
  Title A transient spin-state change during alkaline isomerization of ferricytochrome c Type Journal Article
  Year 1981 Publication Journal of Biochemistry Abbreviated Journal J Biochem (Tokyo)  
  Volume (down) 89 Issue 6 Pages 1977-1980  
  Keywords Animals; *Cytochrome c Group; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isomerism; Kinetics; Myocardium/enzymology; Oxidation-Reduction; Spectrophotometry  
  Abstract Kinetic difference spectra during the alkaline isomerization of ferricytochrome c were obtained by the pH-jump method in the range of 540 to 655 nm. The spectrum of the transient intermediate, which appears during the course of the isomerization, was reproduced from the spectra. The intermediate showed an intense absorption band at 600 nm, indicating that it is a high spin or mixed spin species. This is in contrast to the stable neutral and alkaline forms which are low spin species. The transient spin-state change during the isomerization was also observed upon rapid oxidation of ferrocytochrome c at alkaline pH.  
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  ISSN 0021-924X ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:6270075 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3808  
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Author Friedberger, J.C. openurl 
  Title Modern horse training methods--what is justifiable? Type Journal Article
  Year 1970 Publication The Veterinary Record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.  
  Volume (down) 87 Issue 8 Pages 229-231  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Ethics; *Horses; Learning  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:5529870 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1967  
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Author Elhay, M.; Newbold, A.; Britton, A.; Turley, P.; Dowsett, K.; Walker, J. doi  openurl
  Title Suppression of behavioural and physiological oestrus in the mare by vaccination against GnRH Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Australian Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Aust Vet J  
  Volume (down) 85 Issue 1-2 Pages 39-45  
  Keywords Animals; Antibodies/blood; Estradiol/blood; *Estrus/drug effects/physiology; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*immunology/*pharmacology; Horses/*physiology; Luteinizing Hormone/blood; Ovulation/*drug effects/physiology; Progesterone/blood; Safety; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology; Time Factors; Vaccination/veterinary  
  Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the immunogenicity of an equine immunocontraceptive vaccine and its efficacy in controlling hormone-related behaviour. DESIGN: A total of 24 mares at two sites in Australia were vaccinated with an immunocontraceptive vaccine comprising gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) conjugated to a carrier protein in immunostimulating complex as an adjuvant. Twelve animals at each site received a placebo of adjuvant alone and served as controls for seasonal oestrus, hormonal and behaviour patterns. Animals were observed for injection site reactions, ovarian and follicular activity, and serum levels of antibody, 17beta-oestradiol and progesterone in the weeks following vaccination. Mares were also examined for oestrous behaviour by teasing with a stallion. RESULTS: All mares responded to vaccination. Two weeks following the second vaccination there was a peak in antibody response to GnRH that declined gradually over the following weeks. Commensurate with the elevated anti-GnRH antibody there was a marked effect on ovarian activity with a reduction in 17beta-oestradiol and progesterone levels in the 24 vaccinated mares. There was also a reduction of oestrus-related behaviour as determined by a teaser stallion. This effect lasted a minimum of 3 months and correlated with the initial level of antibody response. CONCLUSION: Following a conventional two-dose immunisation regime this commercially available equine immunocontraceptive vaccine was effective at inhibiting oestrous behaviour for at least 3 months. This vaccine has a high level of safety since there were no significant local reactions nor were there any adverse systemic responses to vaccination.  
  Address Veterinary Medicines Research and Development, Pfizer Animal Health, Parkville, VIC 3052. Martin.Elhay@pfizer.com  
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  ISSN 0005-0423 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:17300452 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1831  
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Author Miyashita, Y.; Nakajima, S.; Imada, H. openurl 
  Title Panel-touch behavior of horses established by an autoshaping procedure Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Psychological Reports Abbreviated Journal Psychol Rep  
  Volume (down) 85 Issue 3 Pt 1 Pages 867-868  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Conditioning (Psychology)/*physiology; Horses/physiology; *Touch  
  Abstract Panel-touch behavior of 3 geldings was successfully established by a response-termination type of autoshaping procedure. An omission or negative contingency introduced after the training of an animal, however, decreased the response rate to a near-zero level.  
  Address Department of Psychology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan  
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  ISSN 0033-2941 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10672748 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1926  
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Author Hazem, A.S. openurl 
  Title [Collective review: Salmonella paratyphi in animals and in the environment] Type Journal Article
  Year 1978 Publication DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift Abbreviated Journal Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr  
  Volume (down) 85 Issue 7 Pages 296-303  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Bird Diseases/epidemiology; Brachyura; Cat Diseases/epidemiology; Cats; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Environment; Fish Diseases/epidemiology; Germany, West; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Mollusca; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*epidemiology; *Salmonella paratyphi A; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; Snails; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology  
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  Language German Summary Language Original Title Sammelreferat: Salmonella paratyphi bei Tieren und in der Umwelt  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0341-6593 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:352661 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2698  
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