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Author Mulcahy, N.J.; Call, J. doi  openurl
  Title Apes save tools for future use Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 312 Issue 5776 Pages 1038-1040  
  Keywords Animals; Association Learning; *Cognition; *Evolution; *Mental Processes; *Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; *Pongo pygmaeus  
  Abstract Planning for future needs, not just current ones, is one of the most formidable human cognitive achievements. Whether this skill is a uniquely human adaptation is a controversial issue. In a study we conducted, bonobos and orangutans selected, transported, and saved appropriate tools above baseline levels to use them 1 hour later (experiment 1). Experiment 2 extended these results to a 14-hour delay between collecting and using the tools. Experiment 3 showed that seeing the apparatus during tool selection was not necessary to succeed. These findings suggest that the precursor skills for planning for the future evolved in great apes before 14 million years ago, when all extant great ape species shared a common ancestor.  
  Address Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany  
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  ISSN 1095-9203 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16709782 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 466  
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Author Pennisi, E. doi  openurl
  Title Animal cognition. Man's best friend(s) reveal the possible roots of social intelligence Type
  Year 2006 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 312 Issue 5781 Pages 1737  
  Keywords Animals; *Cognition; Comprehension; Cooperative Behavior; Cues; Dogs/*psychology; *Evolution; *Intelligence; *Social Behavior  
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  ISSN 1095-9203 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:16794056 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2835  
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Author Pennisi, E. doi  openurl
  Title Animal cognition. Social animals prove their smarts Type
  Year 2006 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 312 Issue 5781 Pages 1734-1738  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Birds; *Cognition; Comprehension; Cues; Food; Hominidae/*psychology; *Intelligence; Learning; Memory; *Social Behavior  
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  ISSN 1095-9203 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:16794055 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2836  
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Author Blaisdell, A.P.; Sawa, K.; Leising, K.J.; Waldmann, M.R. doi  openurl
  Title Causal reasoning in rats Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 311 Issue 5763 Pages 1020-1022  
  Keywords Animals; *Association Learning; Bayes Theorem; *Cognition; Comprehension; Forecasting; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans  
  Abstract Empirical research with nonhuman primates appears to support the view that causal reasoning is a key cognitive faculty that divides humans from animals. The claim is that animals approximate causal learning using associative processes. The present results cast doubt on that conclusion. Rats made causal inferences in a basic task that taps into core features of causal reasoning without requiring complex physical knowledge. They derived predictions of the outcomes of interventions after passive observational learning of different kinds of causal models. These competencies cannot be explained by current associative theories but are consistent with causal Bayes net theories.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. blaisdell@psych.ucla.edu  
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  ISSN 1095-9203 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:16484500 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 154  
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Author Macfadden, B.J. doi  openurl
  Title Evolution. Fossil horses--evidence for evolution Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 307 Issue 5716 Pages 1728-1730  
  Keywords Animals; Body Size; DNA, Mitochondrial; Diet; *Equidae/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior; *Fossils; *Horses/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics; Paleodontology; Phylogeny; Time; Tooth/anatomy & histology  
  Abstract  
  Address Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. bmacfadd@flmnh.ufl.edu  
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  Notes PMID:15774746 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1892  
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Author Emery, N.J.; Clayton, N.S. url  doi
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  Title The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 306 Issue 5703 Pages 1903-1907  
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  Abstract Discussions of the evolution of intelligence have focused on monkeys and apes because of their close evolutionary relationship to humans. Other large-brained social animals, such as corvids, also understand their physical and social worlds. Here we review recent studies of tool manufacture, mental time travel, and social cognition in corvids, and suggest that complex cognition depends on a “tool kit” consisting of causal reasoning, flexibility, imagination, and prospection. Because corvids and apes share these cognitive tools, we argue that complex cognitive abilities evolved multiple times in distantly related species with vastly different brain structures in order to solve similar socioecological problems.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1098410 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2959  
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Author Danchin, E.; Giraldeau, L.-A.; Valone, T.J.; Wagner, R.H. doi  openurl
  Title Public information: from nosy neighbors to cultural evolution Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 305 Issue 5683 Pages 487-491  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cues; *Cultural Evolution; *Decision Making; Environment; Evolution; Feeding Behavior; Female; Genes; Humans; Male; Reproduction; Sexual Behavior, Animal  
  Abstract Psychologists, economists, and advertising moguls have long known that human decision-making is strongly influenced by the behavior of others. A rapidly accumulating body of evidence suggests that the same is true in animals. Individuals can use information arising from cues inadvertently produced by the behavior of other individuals with similar requirements. Many of these cues provide public information about the quality of alternatives. The use of public information is taxonomically widespread and can enhance fitness. Public information can lead to cultural evolution, which we suggest may then affect biological evolution.  
  Address U.P.M.C. CNRS-UMR7625, Bat A-7e etage-Case 237, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France. edanchin@snv.jussieu.fr  
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  Notes PMID:15273386 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2131  
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Author Subiaul, F.; Cantlon, J.F.; Holloway, R.L.; Terrace, H.S. doi  openurl
  Title Cognitive imitation in rhesus macaques Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 305 Issue 5682 Pages 407-410  
  Keywords Animals; *Cognition; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Macaca mulatta/*physiology/psychology; Male  
  Abstract Experiments on imitation typically evaluate a student's ability to copy some feature of an expert's motor behavior. Here, we describe a type of observational learning in which a student copies a cognitive rule rather than a specific motor action. Two rhesus macaques were trained to respond, in a prescribed order, to different sets of photographs that were displayed on a touch-sensitive monitor. Because the position of the photographs varied randomly from trial to trial, sequences could not be learned by motor imitation. Both monkeys learned new sequences more rapidly after observing an expert execute those sequences than when they had to learn new sequences entirely by trial and error.  
  Address Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. subiaul@aol.com  
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  Notes PMID:15256673 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2839  
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Author Clayton, N.S. url  openurl
  Title COGNITION: An Open Sandwich or an Open Question? Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 305 Issue 5682 Pages 344-  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1099512 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2955  
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Author Milo, R.; Itzkovitz, S.; Kashtan, N.; Levitt, R.; Alon, U. doi  openurl
  Title Response to Comment on “Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks” and “Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks” Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 305 Issue 5687 Pages 1107d  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1100519 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5031  
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