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Author Passilongo, D.; Mattioli, L.; Bassi, E.; Szabó, L.; Apollonio, M.
Title Visualizing sound: counting wolves by using a spectral view of the chorus howling Type Journal Article
Year 2015 Publication Frontiers in Zoology Abbreviated Journal Front. Zool.
Volume (down) 12 Issue 1 Pages 22
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Abstract Monitoring large carnivores is a central issue in conservation biology. The wolf (Canis lupus) is the most studied large carnivore in the world. After a massive decline and several local extinctions, mostly due to direct persecutions, wolves are now recolonizing many areas of their historical natural range. One of the main monitoring techniques is the howling survey, which is based on the wolves' tendency to use vocalisations to mark territory ownership in response to howls of unknown individuals. In most cases wolf howling sessions are useful for the localisation of the pack, but they provide only an aural estimation of the chorus size.
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ISSN 1742-9994 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Passilongo2015 Serial 6498
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Author Briefer, E.F.; Haque, S.; Baciadonna, L.; McElligott, A.G.
Title Goats excel at learning and remembering a highly novel cognitive task Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Frontiers in Zoology Abbreviated Journal Front. Zool.
Volume (down) 11 Issue 1 Pages 20
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Abstract The computational demands of sociality (maintaining group cohesion, reducing conflict) and ecological problems (extractive foraging, memorizing resource locations) are the main drivers proposed to explain the evolution cognition. Different predictions follow, about whether animals would preferentially learn new tasks socially or not, but the prevalent view today is that intelligent species should excel at social learning. However, the predictions were originally used to explain primate cognition, and studies of species with relatively smaller brains are rare. By contrast, domestication has often led to a decrease in brain size, which could affect cognition. In domestic animals, the relaxed selection pressures compared to a wild environment could have led to reduced social and physical cognition. Goats possess several features commonly associated with advanced cognition, such as successful colonization of new environments and complex fission-fusion societies. Here, we assessed goat social and physical cognition as well as long-term memory of a complex two-step foraging task (food box cognitive challenge), in order to investigate some of the main selection pressures thought to affect the evolution of ungulate cognition.
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ISSN 1742-9994 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Briefer2014 Serial 6376
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Author Larsson, M.
Title The optic chiasm: a turning point in the evolution of eye/hand coordination Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Frontiers in Zoology Abbreviated Journal Front. Zool.
Volume (down) 10 Issue 1 Pages 41
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Abstract The primate visual system has a uniquely high proportion of ipsilateral retinal projections, retinal ganglial cells that do not cross the midline in the optic chiasm. The general assumption is that this developed due to the selective advantage of accurate depth perception through stereopsis. Here, the hypothesis that the need for accurate eye-forelimb coordination substantially influenced the evolution of the primate visual system is presented. Evolutionary processes may change the direction of retinal ganglial cells. Crossing, or non-crossing, in the optic chiasm determines which hemisphere receives visual feedback in reaching tasks. Each hemisphere receives little tactile and proprioceptive information about the ipsilateral hand. The eye-forelimb hypothesis proposes that abundant ipsilateral retinal projections developed in the primate brain to synthesize, in a single hemisphere, visual, tactile, proprioceptive, and motor information about a given hand, and that this improved eye-hand coordination and optimized the size of the brain. If accurate eye-hand coordination was a major factor in the evolution of stereopsis, stereopsis is likely to be highly developed for activity in the area where the hands most often operate.The primate visual system is ideally suited for tasks within arm's length and in the inferior visual field, where most manual activity takes place. Altering of ocular dominance in reaching tasks, reduced cross-modal cuing effects when arms are crossed, response of neurons in the primary motor cortex to viewed actions of a hand, multimodal neuron response to tactile as well as visual events, and extensive use of multimodal sensory information in reaching maneuvers support the premise that benefits of accurate limb control influenced the evolution of the primate visual system. The eye-forelimb hypothesis implies that evolutionary change toward hemidecussation in the optic chiasm provided parsimonious neural pathways in animals developing frontal vision and visually guided forelimbs, and also suggests a new perspective on vision convergence in prey and predatory animals.
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ISSN 1742-9994 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5685
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Author Klingel, H.
Title Das Verhalten der Pferde (Equidae) Type Journal Article
Year Publication Handbook of Zoology Abbreviated Journal Handb. o. Zool.
Volume (down) 8 Issue 10 Pages 1-68
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Publisher Walter De Gruyter Place of Publication Berlin/Newyork Editor
Language German English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 473
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Author GONÇALVES DA SILVA, A.; CAMPOS-ARCEIZ, A.; ZAVADA, M.S.
Title On tapir ecology, evolution and conservation: what we know and future perspectives–part II Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication Integrative Zoology Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) 8 Issue 1 Pages 1-3
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Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 1749-4877 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6141
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Author Chase, I.D.
Title Music notation: a new method for visualizing social interaction in animals and humans Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Frontiers in zoology Abbreviated Journal Front Zool
Volume (down) 3 Issue Pages 18
Keywords
Abstract ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Researchers have developed a variety of techniques for the visual presentation of quantitative data. These techniques can help to reveal trends and regularities that would be difficult to see if the data were left in raw form. Such techniques can be of great help in exploratory data analysis, making apparent the organization of data sets, developing new hypotheses, and in selecting effects to be tested by statistical analysis. Researchers studying social interaction in groups of animals and humans, however, have few tools to present their raw data visually, and it can be especially difficult to perceive patterns in these data. In this paper I introduce a new graphical method for the visual display of interaction records in human and animal groups, and I illustrate this method using data taken on chickens forming dominance hierarchies. RESULTS: This new method presents data in a way that can help researchers immediately to see patterns and connections in long, detailed records of interaction. I show a variety of ways in which this new technique can be used: (1) to explore trends in the formation of both group social structures and individual relationships; (2) to compare interaction records across groups of real animals and between real animals and computer-simulated animal interactions; (3) to search for and discover new types of small-scale interaction sequences; and (4) to examine how interaction patterns in larger groups might emerge from those in component subgroups. In addition, I discuss how this method can be modified and extended for visualizing a variety of different kinds of social interaction in both humans and animals. CONCLUSION: This method can help researchers develop new insights into the structure and organization of social interaction. Such insights can make it easier for researchers to explain behavioural processes, to select aspects of data for statistical analysis, to design further studies, and to formulate appropriate mathematical models and computer simulations.
Address Department of Sociology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4345, USA. ichase@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 1742-9994 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:17112384 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 751
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