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| Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. | ||||
| Title | Cognitive strategies and the representation of social relations by monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation | Abbreviated Journal | Nebr Symp Motiv |
Volume  |
47 | Issue | Pages | 145-177 | |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Biological; Animals; *Evolution; Family; Female; Haplorhini; Male; Memory; Primates; *Selection (Genetics); *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; *Social Perception | ||||
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| Address | University of Pennsylvania, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0146-7875 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11759347 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 345 | ||
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| Author | Dugatkin, L.A.; Mesterton-Gibbons, M. | ||||
| Title | Cooperation among unrelated individuals: reciprocal altruism, by-product mutualism and group selection in fishes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Biosystems | Abbreviated Journal | Biosystems |
| Volume |
37 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 19-30 |
| Keywords | By-product mutualism; Cooperative behavior; Fish; Reciprocal altruism; Trait-group selection | ||||
| Abstract | Cooperation among unrelated individuals can evolve not only via reciprocal altruism but also via trait-group selection or by-product mutualism (or some combination of all three categories). Therefore the (iterated) prisoner's dilemma is an insufficient paradigm for studying the evolution of cooperation. We replace this game by the cooperator's dilemma, which is more versatile because it enables all three categories of cooperative behavior to be examined within the framework of a single theory. Controlled studies of cooperation among fish provide examples of each category of cooperation. Specifically, we describe reciprocal altruism among simultaneous hermaphrodites that swap egg parcels, group-selected cooperation among fish that inspect dangerous predators and by-product mutualism in the cooperative foraging of coral-reef fish. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 481 | ||
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| Author | Ricard, A.; Chanu, I. | ||||
| Title | Genetic parameters of eventing horse competition in France | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Genetics, Selection, Evolution. : GSE | Abbreviated Journal | Genet Sel Evol |
| Volume |
33 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 175-190 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; France; Genotype; Horses/*genetics; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Selection (Genetics); *Sports; Stereotyped Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Genetic parameters of eventing horse competitions were estimated. About 13 000 horses, 30 000 annual results during 17 years and 110 000 starts in eventing competitions during 8 years were recorded. The measures of performance were logarithmic transformations of annual earnings, annual earnings per start, and annual earnings per place, and underlying variables responsible for ranks in each competition. Heritabilities were low (0.11 / 0.17 for annual results, 0.07 for ranks). Genetic correlations between criteria were high (greater than 0.90) except between ranks and earnings per place (0.58) or per start (0.67). Genetic correlations between ages (from 5 to 10 years old) were also high (more than 0.85) and allow selection on early performances. The genetic correlation between the results in different levels of competition (high/international and low/amateur) was near 1. Genetic correlations of eventing with other disciplines, which included partial aptitude needed for eventing, were very low for steeplechase races (0.18) and moderate with sport: jumping (0.45), dressage (0.58). The results suggest that selection on jumping performance will lead to some positive correlated response for eventing performance, but much more response could be obtained if a specific breeding objective and selection criteria were developed for eventing. | ||||
| Address | Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Station de genetique quantitative et appliquee, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France. ugenata@dga.inra.fr | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0999-193X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11333833 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3728 | ||
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| Author | Morton, F.B.; Lee, P.C.; Buchanan-Smith, H.M. | ||||
| Title | Taking personality selection bias seriously in animal cognition research: a case study in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Animal Cognition | |
| Volume |
16 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 677-684 |
| Keywords | Platyrrhines; Temperament; Cognitive experiment; Selection bias; Associative learning; Training | ||||
| Abstract | In most experimental work on animal cognition, researchers attempt to control for multiple interacting variables by training subjects prior to testing, allowing subjects to participate voluntarily, and providing subjects with food rewards. However, do such methods encourage selection bias from subjects’ personalities? In this study, we trained eighteen zoo-housed capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) for two experiments, under conditions of positive reinforcement (i.e. food rewards) and free-choice participation. Using a combination of behavioral and rater-based methods, we identified and validated five personality dimensions in these capuchins (Assertiveness, Openness, Neuroticism, Sociability, and Attentiveness). Scores on Openness were positively related to individual differences in monkey task participation, reflecting previous work showing that such individuals are often more active, curious, and willing to engage in testing. We also found a negative relationship between scores on Assertiveness and performance on tasks, which may reflect the trade-offs between speed and accuracy in these animals’ decision-making. Highly Assertive individuals (the most sociable within monkey groups) may also prioritize social interactions over engaging in research. Lastly, monkeys that consistently participated and performed well on both tasks showed significantly higher Openness and lower Assertiveness compared to others, mirroring relationships found between personality, participation, and performance among all participants. Participation and performance during training was clearly biased toward individuals with particular personalities (i.e. high Openness, low Assertiveness). Results are discussed in light of the need for careful interpretation of comparative data on animal cognition and the need for researchers to take personality selection bias more seriously. Animal Cognition Animal Cognition Look Inside |
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| Publisher | Springer-Verlag | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5696 | ||
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| Author | Hare, B.; Plyusnina, I.; Ignacio, N.; Schepina, O.; Stepika, A.; Wrangham, R.; Trut, L. | ||||
| Title | Social cognitive evolution in captive foxes is a correlated by-product of experimental domestication | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Current biology : CB | Abbreviated Journal | Curr Biol |
| Volume |
15 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 226-230 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Animals, Domestic; Cognition/*physiology; *Cues; *Evolution; Foxes/*physiology; *Selection (Genetics); Social Behavior; Species Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | Dogs have an unusual ability for reading human communicative gestures (e.g., pointing) in comparison to either nonhuman primates (including chimpanzees) or wolves . Although this unusual communicative ability seems to have evolved during domestication , it is unclear whether this evolution occurred as a result of direct selection for this ability, as previously hypothesized , or as a correlated by-product of selection against fear and aggression toward humans--as is the case with a number of morphological and physiological changes associated with domestication . We show here that fox kits from an experimental population selectively bred over 45 years to approach humans fearlessly and nonaggressively (i.e., experimentally domesticated) are not only as skillful as dog puppies in using human gestures but are also more skilled than fox kits from a second, control population not bred for tame behavior (critically, neither population of foxes was ever bred or tested for their ability to use human gestures) . These results suggest that sociocognitive evolution has occurred in the experimental foxes, and possibly domestic dogs, as a correlated by-product of selection on systems mediating fear and aggression, and it is likely the observed social cognitive evolution did not require direct selection for improved social cognitive ability. | ||||
| Address | Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. hare@eva.mpg.de | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0960-9822 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15694305 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 594 | ||
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| Author | De Cremer, D.; van Dijk, E. | ||||
| Title | Leader--Follower Effects in Resource Dilemmas: The Roles of Leadership Selection and Social Responsibility | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Group Processes Intergroup Relations | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
11 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 355-369 |
| Keywords | followers, leadership selection, resource allocations, resource dilemmas, social responsibility | ||||
| Abstract | Previous research on the allocation of scarce resources shows that when people are assigned labels of leader or follower in their group, leaders allocate more of the scarce resources to themselves than followers do. In three laboratory studies, we examine the idea that how people are selected for the leader role (i.e. election or appointment) determines whether leaders take more or equal shares (relative to followers) from a common resource. In a first experiment, we show that participants were more accepting of norm violating behavior by an appointed versus elected leader. In a second experiment, we show that when participants were assigned to a leader or follower role, allocations of appointed leaders differed significantly from those of elected leaders and followers, whereas there was no difference between the two latter conditions. Moreover, elected leaders were shown to feel more social responsibility than both appointed leaders and followers. In a final experiment, we show that when participants were primed with the concept of social responsibility (relative to a neutral condition) no difference in allocations between appointed and elected leaders emerged. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4805 | ||
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| Author | Potts, R. | ||||
| Title | Variability selection in hominid evolution | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Evol. Anthropol. |
| Volume |
7 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 81-96 |
| Keywords | variability selection; hominids; environment; adaptation; natural selection; evolution | ||||
| Abstract | Variability selection (abbreviated as VS) is a process considered to link adaptive change to large degrees of environment variability. Its application to hominid evolution is based, in part, on the pronounced rise in environmental remodeling that took place over the past several million years. The VS hypothesis differs from prior views of hominid evolution, which stress the consistent selective effects associated with specific habitats or directional trends (e.g., woodland, savanna expansion, cooling). According to the VS hypothesis, wide fluctuations over time created a growing disparity in adaptive conditions. Inconsistency in selection eventually caused habitat-specific adaptations to be replaced by structures and behaviors responsive to complex environmental change. Key hominid adaptations, in fact, emerged during times of heightened variability. Early bipedality, encephalized brains, and complex human sociality appear to signify a sequence of VS adaptations—i.e., a ratcheting up of versatility and responsiveness to novel environments experienced over the past 6 million years. The adaptive results of VS cannot be extrapolated from selection within a single environmental shift or relatively stable habitat. If some complex traits indeed require disparities in adaptive setting (and relative fitness) in order to evolve, the VS idea counters the prevailing view that adaptive change necessitates long-term, directional consistency in selection. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | ||||
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| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1520-6505 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5461 | ||
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| Author | Dunbar, R.I.M. | ||||
| Title | Male and female brain evolution is subject to contrasting selection pressures in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | BMC Biology | Abbreviated Journal | BMC Biol |
| Volume |
5 | Issue | Pages | 21 | |
| Keywords | Animals; *Brain/physiology; *Evolution; Female; Humans; Male; *Selection (Genetics); *Sex Characteristics | ||||
| Abstract | The claim that differences in brain size across primate species has mainly been driven by the demands of sociality (the “social brain” hypothesis) is now widely accepted. Some of the evidence to support this comes from the fact that species that live in large social groups have larger brains, and in particular larger neocortices. Lindenfors and colleagues (BMC Biology 5:20) add significantly to our appreciation of this process by showing that there are striking differences between the two sexes in the social mechanisms and brain units involved. Female sociality (which is more affiliative) is related most closely to neocortex volume, but male sociality (which is more competitive and combative) is more closely related to subcortical units (notably those associated with emotional responses). Thus different brain units have responded to different selection pressures. | ||||
| Address | British Academy Centenary Research Project, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1741-7007 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17493267 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2100 | |||
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| Author | Boyce, P.N.; McLoughlin, P.D. | ||||
| Title | Ecological Interactions Involving Feral Horses and Predators: Review with Implications for Biodiversity Conservation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | The Journal of Wildlife Management | Abbreviated Journal | Jour. Wild. Mgmt. |
| Volume |
n/a | Issue | n/a | Pages | |
| Keywords | apparent competition; artificial selection; community ecology; conservation; feral horse (Equus ferus caballus); life history; predator-prey dynamics | ||||
| Abstract | ABSTRACT For many ecosystems, feral horses are increasingly becoming an important if not dominant component of ungulate biomass and hence influence on community dynamics. Yet we still know little of how horses contribute to key ecological interactions including predator-prey and indirect competitive relationships at a community level. Notably, feral species like horses can exhibit life-history traits that differ from that of native (mainly artiodactyl) herbivore competitors. Artificial selection for traits like increased, early, or extended reproduction that have yet to be reversed by natural selection, coupled with naturally selected differences in anatomy and behavior, in addition to unique management objectives for horses compared to other species, means that the dynamics of feral horse populations are not likely to align with what might be expected of other large herbivores. Unexpected population dynamics and inherent biological asymmetries between native ungulates and feral horses may therefore influence the former via direct competition for shared resources and through enemy-mediated interactions like apparent competition. In several localities feral horses now co-exist with multiple native prey species, some of which are in decline or are species at risk. Compounding risks to native species from direct or indirect competitive exclusion by horses is the unique nature and socio-political context of feral horse management, which tends towards allowing horse populations to be limited largely by natural, density-dependent factors. We summarize the inherent asymmetries between feral horse biology and that of other ungulate prey species with consequences for conservation, focusing on predator-prey and emerging indirect interactions in multi-prey systems, and highlight future directions to address key knowledge gaps in our understanding of how feral horses may now be contributing to the (re)structuring of food webs. Observations of patterns of rapid growth and decline, and associated skews in sex ratios of feral horse populations, indicate a heightened potential for indirect interactions among large ungulate prey species, where there is a prevalence of feral horses as preferred prey, particularly where native prey are declining. In places like western North America, we expect predator-prey interactions involving feral horses to become an increasingly important factor in the conservation of wildlife. This applies not only to economically or culturally important game species but also at-risk species, both predators (e.g., wolves [Canis lupus], grizzly bears [Ursus arctos]) and prey (e.g., woodland caribou [Rangifer tarandus caribou]), necessitating an ecological understanding of the role of horses in natural environments that goes beyond that of population control. ? 2021 The Wildlife Society. | ||||
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| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-541x | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21995 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6642 | ||
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