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Author |
Czerlinski, G.H.; Wagner, M.; Erickson, J.O.; Theorell, H. |
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Title |
Chemical relaxation studies on the system liver alcohol dehydrogenase, NADH and imidazole |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Acta Chemica Scandinavica. Series B: Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Chem Scand B |
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Volume  |
29 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
797-810 |
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Keywords |
Alcohol Oxidoreductases/*metabolism; Animals; Computers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imidazoles/*metabolism; Kinetics; Liver/enzymology/*metabolism; Mathematics; Models, Chemical; NAD/*metabolism; Time Factors |
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Abstract |
Several years ago, Theorell and Czerlinski conducted experiments on the system of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and imidazole, using the first version of the temperature jump apparatus with detection of changes in fluorescence. These early experiments were repeated with improved instrumentation and confirmed the early experiments in general terms. However, the improved detection system allowed to measure a slight concentration dependence of the relaxation time of around 3 ms. Furthermore, the chemical relaxation time was smaller than the one determined earlier (by factor 2). The data were evaluated much more rigorously than before, allowing an appropriate interpretation of the results. The observed relaxation time is largely due to rate constants in an interconversion of ternary complexes, which are faster than three (of the four) dissociation rate constants, determined previously by Theorell and McKinley-McKee.1,2 This fact contributed to earlier difficulties of finding any concentration dependence. However, the binding of imidazole to the binary enzyme-coenzyme complex can be made to couple kinetically into the interconversion rate of the two ternary complexes. The observed signal derives largely from the ternary complex(es). A substantial fluorescence signal change is associated with the observed relaxation process, suggesting a relocation of the imidazole in reference to the nicotinamide moiety of the bound coenzyme. Nine models are considered with two types of coupling of pre-equilibria (none-all). Quantitative evaluations favor the model with two ternary complexes connected by an interconversion outside the four-step (bimolecular) cycle. The ternary complex outside the cycle has much higher fluorescence yield than the one inside. The interconversion equilibrium is near unity for imidazole. If it would be shifted very much to the side of the “dead-end” complex (as in isobutyramide?!), stimulating action could not take place. |
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0302-4369 |
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PMID:882 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3887 |
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Author |
Schmoldt, A.; Benthe, H.F.; Haberland, G. |
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Title |
Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Biochemical pharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biochem Pharmacol |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
1639-1641 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Digitoxigenin/metabolism; Digitoxin/*metabolism; Hydroxylation; Male; Microsomes, Liver/*metabolism; NADP/metabolism; Rats; Time Factors |
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0006-2952 |
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PMID:10 |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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20 |
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Author |
Zentall, T.R; Hogan, D.E. |
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Title |
Key pecking in pigeons produced by pairing keylight with inaccessible grain |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
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23 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
199-206 |
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In Experiment I, keylight was paired with inaccessible grain delivery (under two conditions of keylight intensity) to determine if autoshaping would occur in the absence of primary reinforcement. In Experiment II, the procedure was repeated with accessible grain, for comparison. In Experiment III, the procedures were repeated with explicitly unpaired presentations of keylight and either inaccessible or accessible grain. The results indicated that key pecking occurred as quickly in the presence of keylight pairings with inaccessible grain as with accessible grain, though (except for one bird) key pecking was not maintained with inaccessible grain. Furthermore, compared to the dim keylight, the bright keylight greatly suppressed key pecking when paired with inaccessible grain, and reduced the rate of key pecking when paired with accessible grain. Little key pecking occurred in groups exposed to explicitly unpaired presentations of keylight (whether bright or dim) and grain (whether accessible or inaccessible). When the birds in Experiment III were retested with explicitly paired presentations of keylight and grain, little key pecking was observed, suggesting suppressive effects of prior explicitly unpaired presentations. It is suggested that the effects of key-brightness manipulation were produced by the association of grain with cues other than the response key, or by distraction produced by partial illumination of the grain hopper. |
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0022-5002 |
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PMID:16811840 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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273 |
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Author |
Douglas Rh, G.O. |
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Title |
Development of the equine fetus and placenta |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fert (Suppl) |
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Volume |
23 |
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Pages |
495-498 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1023 |
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Author |
Niekerk Van Ch, A.W. |
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Title |
Early embryonic development in the horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
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J Reprod Fert Suppl |
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23 |
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495-498 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1417 |
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Pickett Bw, V.J. |
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Title |
Abnormalities of mating behaviour in domestic stallions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
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J Reprod Fert Suppl |
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23 |
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129-134 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1470 |
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Author |
Short Rv, |
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Title |
The evolution of the horse |
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1975 |
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J Reprod Fert Suppl |
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23 |
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1-6 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1589 |
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Author |
Syme, G.J.; Syme, L.A. |
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Title |
The concept of spatial leadership in farm animals: An experiment with sheep |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
Part 4 |
Pages |
921-925 |
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Abstract |
The concept of spatial leadership as applied to farm animals is discussed with particular emphasis on methodological problems. Using three experimental procedures forced spatial leadership orders were measured in a group of Romney ewes. Comparisons between orders showed the effects of both the different experimental tasks and the social context on leadership structure. Both these variables were found to affect the orders obtained. The results are interpreted in terms of the utility of the concept of spatial leadership in domestic animals and the necessity for more systematic procedural investigations in this area. |
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2039 |
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Author |
Mitchell, D.; Allen, W. R. |
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Title |
Observations on reproductive performance in the yearling mare |
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Year |
1975 |
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Journal of Reproduction and Fertility |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Reprod. Fert., |
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Volume |
(Suppl. 23) |
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531-536 |
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Reproductive performance was studied in 137 yearling mares run with stallions in small groups for 3 months between June and August in 1968 to 1971 (four breeding seasons). Pregnancy diagnosis by repeated rectal palpation and qualitative tests for PMSG, showed that ninety-five mares conceived of which forty-four aborted spontaneously between days 30 and 160 of gestation. Laboratory examination of twenty-one aborted fetuses failed to show any infectious agents. Serial quantitative and qualitative tests for PMSG in aborting animals gave results similar to those observed in mares with normal pregnancies. Plasma progestagen assays showed marked individual variations although the loss of the conceptus was always associated with a drop in progestagen level. The high incidence of early pregnancy loss in these pubertal mares may also be related to immaturity, inadequate nutrition and physical stress. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2378 |
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Author |
Smuts Gl, |
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Title |
Home range sizes for Burchell's Zebra, Equus burchelli antiquorum from the Krüger National Park |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Koedoe |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
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Pages |
139-146 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1612 |
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