|   | 
Details
   web
Records
Author Palme, R.; Fischer, P.; Schildorfer, H.; Ismail, M.N.
Title Excretion of infused 14C-steroid hormones via faeces and urine in domestic livestock Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Animal Reproduction Science Abbreviated Journal
Volume (down) 43 Issue 1 Pages 43-63
Keywords Sheep--endocrinology; Pig--endocrinology; Pony; 14C-steroids; Faeces; Urine; Blood
Abstract The aim of this comparative study was to gain more information about the excretion of steroid hormones in farm animals. This should help to establish or improve non-invasive steroid monitoring procedures, especially in zoo and wildlife animals. Over a period of 4 h the 14C-steroid hormones (3.7 MBq) progesterone (three females), testosterone (three males), cortisol and oestrone (two males, two females) were infused intravenously in sheep, ponies and pigs. Faeces were collected immediately after defecation. Urine was sampled via a permanent catheter in females and after spontaneous urination in males. A total of 88 +/- 10% (mean +/- SD) of the administered radioactivity was recovered. Considerable interspecies differences were measured both in the amounts of steroid metabolites excreted via faeces or urine and the time course of excretion. Progesterone and oestrone in ewes, and progesterone in mares were excreted mainly in the faeces (over 75%). The primary route of excretion of all other 14C-steroids was via the urine but to a different extent. In general, sheep showed the highest degree of faecal excretion and pigs the least. The highest radioactivity in urine (per mmol creatinine) was observed during the infusion or in one of the next two samples thereafter, whereas in faeces it was measured about 12 h (sheep), 24 h (ponies) or 48 h (pigs) after the end of the infusion. Thereafter the radioactivity declined and reached background levels within 2-3 weeks. In faeces, steroid metabolites were present mainly in an unconjugated form, but in blood and urine as conjugates. Mean retention time of faecal radioactivity suggested that the passage rate of digesta (duodenum to rectum) played an important role in the time course of the excretion of steroids. The information derived from this investigation could improve the precision of sampling as well as the extraction of steroids from the faeces. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that it should be possible to establish methods for measuring faecal androgen and cortisol metabolites for assessing male reproductive endocrinology and stress in animals.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4069
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Krcmar, S.; Mikuska, A.; Merdic, E.
Title Response of Tabanidae (Diptera) to different natural attractants Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Journal of Vector Ecology : Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology Abbreviated Journal J Vector Ecol
Volume (down) 31 Issue 2 Pages 262-265
Keywords Animals; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology; Cattle/urine; Diptera/*physiology; Female; Horses/urine; Insect Control/methods; Sheep/urine; Swine/urine; Urine/*physiology
Abstract The response of female tabanids to natural attractants was studied in the Monjoros Forest along the Nature Park Kopacki rit in eastern Croatia. Tabanids were caught in canopy traps baited with either aged cow, horse, sheep, or pig urine and also in unbaited traps. Tabanids were collected in a significantly higher numbers in traps baited with natural attractants compared to unbaited traps. The number of females of Tabanus bromius, Tabanus maculicornis, Tabanus tergestinus, and Hybomitra bimaculata collected from canopy traps baited with cow urine and traps baited with other natural attractants differed significantly. Females of Haematopota pluvialis were also collected more frequently in canopy traps baited with aged cow urine than in those with aged horse urine, but this difference was not significant. However, the number of females of Haematopota pluvialis collected from canopy traps baited with other natural attractants (sheep and pig urine) differed significantly when compared with aged cow urine baited traps. Canopy traps baited with aged cow urine collected significantly more Tabanus sudeticus than did traps baited with aged pig urine. Finally, the aged cow urine baited canopy traps collected 51 times more tabanids than unbaited traps, while aged horse, aged sheep, and aged pig urine baited traps collected 36, 30, and 22 times as many tabanids, respectively, than unbaited traps.
Address Department of Biology, JJ Strossmayer University, Lj. Gaja 6, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1081-1710 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17249343 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1836
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Machnik, M.; Hegger, I.; Kietzmann, M.; Thevis, M.; Guddat, S.; Schanzer, W.
Title Pharmacokinetics of altrenogest in horses Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics Abbreviated Journal J Vet Pharmacol Ther
Volume (down) 30 Issue 1 Pages 86-90
Keywords Administration, Oral; Animals; Chromatography, Liquid/veterinary; Doping in Sports/prevention & control; Horses/*metabolism; Male; Mass Spectrometry/veterinary; Progesterone Congeners/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics/urine; Reproducibility of Results; Substance Abuse Detection/veterinary; Trenbolone/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/blood/pharmacokinetics/urine
Abstract The Federation Equestre Internationale has permitted the use of altrenogest in mares for the control of oestrus. However, altrenogest is also suspicious to misuse in competition horses for its potential anabolic effects and suppression of typical male behaviour, and thus is a controlled drug. To investigate the pharmacokinetics of altrenogest in horses we conducted an elimination study. Five oral doses of 44 mug/kg altrenogest were administered to 10 horses at a dose interval of 24 h. Following administration blood and urine samples were collected at appropriate intervals. Altrenogest concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The plasma levels of altrenogest reached maximal concentrations of 23-75 ng/mL. Baseline values were achieved within 3 days after the final administration. Urine peak concentrations of total altrenogest ranged from 823 to 3895 ng/mL. Twelve days after the final administration concentrations were below the limit of detection (ca 2 ng/mL).
Address Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany. m.machnik@biochem.dshs-koeln.de
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0140-7783 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17217407 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1841
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Alexander, F.; Horner, M.W.; Moss, M.S.
Title The salivary secretion and clearance in the horse of chloral hydrate and its metabolites Type Journal Article
Year 1967 Publication Biochemical pharmacology Abbreviated Journal Biochem Pharmacol
Volume (down) 16 Issue 7 Pages 1305-1311
Keywords Animals; Chloral Hydrate/blood/*metabolism/urine; Chromatography, Gas; Ethanol/blood/urine; Horses; Male; Parotid Gland/metabolism; Saliva/*analysis; Trichloroacetic Acid/blood/urine
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0006-2952 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:6053598 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 118
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lindsay, F.E.; Burton, F.L.
Title Observational study of “urine testing” in the horse and donkey stallion Type Journal Article
Year 1983 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J
Volume (down) 15 Issue 4 Pages 330-336
Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Male; Nasal Septum; Nose/anatomy & histology; Olfactory Mucosa/physiology; Perissodactyla/*physiology; Sex Attractants/urine; Smell/physiology
Abstract Although “urine testing” is said to enable the male equid to assess the sexual status of the mare, there are no reports in the literature of any detailed study of this behavioural response of the stallion. Behavioural response to conspecific urine was studied in two horse stallions and one donkey stallion. The relevant nasopalatine anatomy is described. Events observed during urine testing included head, neck, lip, jaw, tongue movements, penile changes and nasal secretion. Nasal endoscopy indicated that the source of part of the nasal secretion was the secretory glands of the vomeronasal organ complex. The significance and probable function of these events in urine testing is discussed.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:6641679 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1955
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Alexander, F.
Title The effect of some anti-diarrhoeal drugs on intestinal transit and faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in the horse Type Journal Article
Year 1978 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J
Volume (down) 10 Issue 4 Pages 229-234
Keywords Animals; Antidiarrheals/*pharmacology; Atropine/pharmacology; Electrolytes/*analysis/urine; Feces/*analysis; Gastrointestinal Motility/*drug effects; Horses/*metabolism/physiology; Loperamide/pharmacology; Male; Meperidine/pharmacology; Morphine/pharmacology; Opium/pharmacology; Water/*analysis
Abstract The effect of morphine, Tinct. opii, loperamide, pethidine and atropine on intestinal transit and the faecal and urinary excretion of water and electrolytes was studied in ponies. The rate of passage of a particulate marker was slowed by morphine, hastened then slowed by loperamide and Tinct. opii, and hastened by atropine. The liquid marker was slowed by Tinct. opii and hastened then slowed by the other drugs. Only loperamide decreased the faecal sodium excretion. This drug also decreased faecal water and weight; it appeared worthy of clinical trial in diarrhoea. Tinct. opii decreased by morphine, pethidine and atropine increased faecal water.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:738263 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 110
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dirikolu, L.; Lehner, A.F.; Karpiesiuk, W.; Hughes, C.; Woods, W.E.; Boyles, J.; Harkins, J.D.; Troppmann, A.; Tobin, T.
Title Detection, quantification, metabolism, and behavioral effects of selegiline in horses Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Veterinary Therapeutics : Research in Applied Veterinary Medicine Abbreviated Journal Vet Ther
Volume (down) 4 Issue 3 Pages 257-268
Keywords Administration, Oral; Animals; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Female; Horses/*metabolism; Mass Spectrometry/veterinary; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/urine; Selegiline/administration & dosage/blood/*pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/urine; Substance Abuse Detection/veterinary
Abstract Selegiline ([R]-[-]N,alpha-dimethyl-N-2- propynylphenethylamine or l-deprenyl), an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, is a classic antidyskinetic and antiparkinsonian agent widely used in human medicine both as monotherapy and as an adjunct to levodopa therapy. Selegiline is classified by the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) as a class 2 agent, and is considered to have high abuse potential in racing horses. A highly sensitive LC/MS/MS quantitative analytical method has been developed for selegiline and its potential metabolites amphetamine and methamphetamine using commercially available deuterated analogs of these compounds as internal standards. After administering 40 mg of selegiline orally to two horses, relatively low (<60 ng/ml) concentrations of parent selegiline, amphetamine, and methamphetamine were recovered in urine samples. However, relatively high urinary concentrations of another selegiline metabolite were found, tentatively identified as N- desmethylselegiline. This metabolite was synthesized and found to be indistinguishable from the new metabolite recovered from horse urine, thereby confirming the chemical identity of the equine metabolite. Additionally, analysis of urine samples from four horses dosed with 50 mg of selegiline confirmed that N-desmethylselegiline is the major urinary metabolite of selegiline in horses. In related behavior studies, p.o. and i.v. administration of 30 mg of selegiline produced no significant changes in either locomotor activities or heart rates.
Address Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1528-3593 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:15136987 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1901
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bates, L.A.; Sayialel, K.N.; Njiraini, N.W.; Poole, J.H.; Moss, C.J.; Byrne, R.W.
Title African elephants have expectations about the locations of out-of-sight family members Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Biology Letters Abbreviated Journal Biol Lett
Volume (down) 4 Issue 1 Pages 34-36
Keywords elephants, olfaction, urine, individual recognition
Abstract Monitoring the location of conspecifics may be important to social mammals. Here, we use an expectancy-violation paradigm to test the ability of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) to keep track of their social companions from olfactory cues. We presented elephants with samples of earth mixed with urine from female conspecifics that were either kin or unrelated to them, and either unexpected or highly predictable at that location. From behavioural measurements of the elephants' reactions, we show that African elephants can recognize up to 17 females and possibly up to 30 family members from cues present in the urine-earth mix, and that they keep track of the location of these individuals in relation to themselves.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4332
Permanent link to this record