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Author |
Soproni, K.; Miklósi, A.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. |
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Title |
Comprehension of human communicative signs in pet dogs (Canis familiaris) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
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Volume  |
115 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
122-126 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Dogs/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; Nonverbal Communication/*psychology; *Recognition (Psychology); *Social Behavior |
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Abstract |
On the basis of a study by D. J. Povinelli, D. T. Bierschwale, and C. G. Cech (1999), the performance of family dogs (Canis familiaris) was examined in a 2-way food choice task in which 4 types of directional cues were given by the experimenter: pointing and gazing, head-nodding (“at target”), head turning above the correct container (“above target”), and glancing only (“eyes only”). The results showed that the performance of the dogs resembled more closely that of the children in D. J. Povinelli et al.'s study, in contrast to the chimpanzees' performance in the same study. It seems that dogs, like children, interpret the test situation as being a form of communication. The hypothesis is that this similarity is attributable to the social experience and acquired social routines in dogs because they spend more time in close contact with humans than apes do, and as a result dogs are probably more experienced in the recognition of human gestures. |
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Department of Ethology, Budapest, Hungary. lavina@ludens.elte.hu |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:11459158 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4963 |
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Author |
Hostetter, A.B.; Cantero, M.; Hopkins, W.D. |
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Title |
Differential use of vocal and gestural communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in response to the attentional status of a human (Homo sapiens) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Comp. Psychol. |
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Volume |
115 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
337-343 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Attention; *Communication Methods, Total; Female; *Gestures; Humans; Male; Motivation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
This study examined the communicative behavior of 49 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly their use of vocalizations, manual gestures, and other auditory- or tactile-based behaviors as a means of gaining an inattentive audience's attention. A human (Homo sapiens) experimenter held a banana while oriented either toward or away from the chimpanzee. The chimpanzees' behavior was recorded for 60 s. Chimpanzees emitted vocalizations faster and were more likely to produce vocalizations as their 1st communicative behavior when a human was oriented away from them. Chimpanzees used manual gestures more frequently and faster when the human was oriented toward them. These results replicate the findings of earlier studies on chimpanzee gestural communication and provide new information about the intentional and functional use of their vocalizations. |
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Department of Psychology, Berry College, USA |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:11824896 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4970 |
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Author |
Gibson, B.M.; Shettleworth, S.J.; McDonald, R.J. |
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Title |
Finding a goal on dry land and in the water: differential effects of disorientation on spatial learning |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Behavioural brain research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Brain. Res. |
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Volume |
123 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
103-111 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cues; Environment; Male; Maze Learning/*physiology; Orientation/*physiology; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Spatial Behavior/*physiology; Water |
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Two previous studies, Martin et al. (J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 23 (1997) 183) and Dudchenko et al. (J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 23 (1997) 194), report that, compared to non-disoriented controls, rats disoriented before testing were disrupted in their ability to learn the location of a goal on a dry radial-arm maze task, but that both groups learned at the same rate in the Morris water maze. However, the radial-arm maze task was much more difficult than the water maze. In the current set of experiments, we examined the performance of control and disoriented rats on more comparable dry land and water maze tasks. Compared to non-disoriented rats, rats that were disoriented before testing were significantly impaired in locating a goal in a circular dry arena, but not a water tank. The results constrain theoretical explanations for the differential effects of disorientation on different spatial tasks. |
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Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3. gibson@psych.utoronto.ca |
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ISSN |
0166-4328 |
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Notes |
PMID:11377733 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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372 |
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Author |
Abbruzzetti, S.; Viappiani, C.; Small, J.R.; Libertini, L.J.; Small, E.W. |
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Title |
Kinetics of histidine deligation from the heme in GuHCl-unfolded Fe(III) cytochrome C studied by a laser-induced pH-jump technique |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Chemical Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Chem Soc |
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Volume |
123 |
Issue |
27 |
Pages |
6649-6653 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Bacterial Proteins; Cytochrome c Group/*chemistry; Guanidine/*chemistry; Heme/*chemistry; Histidine/*chemistry; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; *Lasers; Ligands; Protein Folding |
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We have developed an instrumental setup that uses transient absorption to monitor protein folding/unfolding processes following a laser-induced, ultrafast release of protons from o-nitrobenzaldehyde. The resulting increase in [H(+)], which can be more than 100 microM, is complete within a few nanoseconds. The increase in [H(+)] lowers the pH of the solution from neutrality to approximately 4 at the highest laser pulse energy used. Protein structural rearrangements can be followed by transient absorption, with kinetic monitoring over a broad time range (approximately 10 ns to 500 ms). Using this pH-jump/transient absorption technique, we have examined the dissociation kinetics of non-native axial heme ligands (either histidine His26 or His33) in GuHCl-unfolded Fe(III) cytochrome c (cyt c). Deligation of the non-native ligands following the acidic pH-jump occurs as a biexponential process with different pre-exponential factors. The pre-exponential factors markedly depend on the extent of the pH-jump, as expected from differences in the pK(a) values of His26 and His33. The two lifetimes were found to depend on temperature but were not functions of either the magnitude of the pH-jump or the pre-pulse pH of the solution. The activation energies of the deligation processes support the suggestion that GuHCl-unfolded cyt c structures with non-native histidine axial ligands represent kinetic traps in unfolding. |
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Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Parma, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, 43100 Parma, Italy |
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0002-7863 |
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PMID:11439052 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3788 |
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Author |
McCreery, E.K.; Robbins, R.L. |
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Title |
Proximate Explanations For Failed Pack Formation In Lycaon Pictus |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
138 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1467-1479 |
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Abstract |
Among the most social of all canids, the endangered African wild dog lives in packs in which the alpha pair typically monopolizes breeding while nonreproductive members help care for the offspring. Consequently, the size of the breeding population is directly related to the number of packs in the population. Although the formation of new packs affects both individual fitness and population dynamics, little is known about the process of pack formation and the proximate factors that influence the outcome. In this paper, seven cases of attempted pack formation are documented, of which four failed. Three possible explanations for pack annulment are considered: group size, mate competition, and mate choice (i.e. group compatibility). Our observations suggest that group compatibility can influence whether stable reproductive units form. The influence of individual behavior, via the process of pack formation, on population dynamics is discussed. The potential conservation application of the theoretical study of wild dog pack formation is highlighted. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2199 |
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Author |
McGreevy, P.D.; Webster, A.J.; Nicol, C.J. |
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Title |
Study of the behaviour, digestive efficiency and gut transit times of crib-biting horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
148 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
592-596 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Case-Control Studies; *Digestion; *Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects; Horse Diseases/*physiopathology; Horses/*physiology/psychology; Male; Stereotyped Behavior/*physiology; Sulfapyridine/blood; Sulfasalazine/diagnostic use/pharmacology |
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The spontaneous behaviour and the apparent digestibility of dry matter and fibre and transit times of digesta were compared in four normal horses and four crib-biters. A technique was developed for measuring total gut transit times (TGTT) by using single-stool analysis of the passage of radio-opaque polyethylene markers. Longer TGTT were recorded in the crib-biters than in the normal horses but the orocaecal transit times did not differ. The crib-biters rested less than the normal horses. |
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Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:11386445 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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86 |
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Author |
McBride, S.D.; Long, L. |
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Title |
Management of horses showing stereotypic behaviour, owner perception and the implications for welfare |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
148 |
Issue |
26 |
Pages |
799-802 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Husbandry/methods; *Animal Welfare; Animals; England/epidemiology; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/*prevention & control/psychology; Horses; Humans; Interviews; *Perception; *Stereotyped Behavior |
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A telephone survey was conducted of 100 racing stables, 100 riding schools and 100 competition establishments (8,427 horses in total) to determine what management practices were being applied to horses showing stereotypic behaviour, and to determine the underlying reasons for them by assessing the perceptions and opinions of the people working with the horses. The results indicated that horse owners are concerned about stereotypic behaviour, first, because it reduces the performance of the animal (31, 30 and 27 per cent of the owners of racing stables, riding schools and competition establishments respectively), secondly, because it has adverse clinical effects on the horse (52, 55 and 56 per cent), and thirdly, because it reduces the monetary value of the animal (45, 59 and 31 per cent). The belief that these behaviours are learnt or copied also affects the management of affected horses: they are not allowed on to the premises by 4, 32 and 17 per cent of owners of racing stables, riding schools and competition establishments, respectively; attempts are made to remove the causal factors of the stereotypy by 35, 43 and 36 per cent; the behaviours are physically prevented by 77, 67 and 79 per cent, and the affected horses are kept separate from other horses by 39, 30 and 48 per cent. |
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Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Aberystwyth |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:11467606 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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1918 |
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Author |
Seralini G.-E.; Moslemi S. |
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Title |
Aromatase inhibitors: past, present and future |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology |
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178 |
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117-131 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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2014 |
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Author |
Viscido, S.V.; Miller, M.; Wethey, D.S. |
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Title |
The response of a selfish herd to an attack from outside the group perimeter |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of theoretical biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Theor. Biol. |
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Volume |
208 |
Issue |
3 |
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315-328 |
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Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Computer Simulation; Models, Biological; *Movement; Predatory Behavior |
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Abstract |
According to the selfish herd hypothesis, animals can decrease predation risk by moving toward one another if the predator can appear anywhere and will attack the nearest target. Previous studies have shown that aggregations can form using simple movement rules designed to decrease each animal's Domain of Danger. However, if the predator attacks from outside the group's perimeter, these simple movement rules might not lead to aggregation. To test whether simple selfish movement rules would decrease predation risk for those situations when the predator attacks from outside the flock perimeter, we constructed a computer model that allowed flocks of 75 simulated fiddler crabs to react to one another, and to a predator attacking from 7 m away. We attacked simulated crab flocks with predators of different sizes and attack speeds, and computed relative predation risk after 120 time steps. Final trajectories showed flight toward the center of the flock, but curving away from the predator. Path curvature depended on the predator's size and approach speed. The average crab experienced a greater decrease in predation risk when the predator was small or slow moving. Regardless of the predator's size and speed, however, predation risk always decreased as long as crabs took their flock-mates into account. We conclude that, even when flight away from an external predator occurs, the selfish avoidance of danger can lead to aggregation. |
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, U.S.A. viscido@u.washington.edu |
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0022-5193 |
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PMID:11207093 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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555 |
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Timney, B.; Macuda, T. |
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Vision and hearing in horses |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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218 |
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10 |
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1567-1574 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
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2278 |
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