| Records |
| Author |
Fisher, J.; Hinde, R. A. |
| Title |
The opening of milk bottles by birds |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
British Birds |
Abbreviated Journal |
British Birds |
| Volume |
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Issue |
42 |
Pages |
347-357 |
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| Abstract |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6525 |
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| Author |
Byrne R.W. |
| Title |
The evolution of intelligence |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Behaviour and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
223-265 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Address |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Cambridge University Press |
Place of Publication |
Cambridge,UK |
Editor |
P.J.B. Slater and T.R. Halliday |
| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6566 |
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| Author |
Connor, R.J.; Kawaoka, Y.; Webster, R.G.; Paulson, J.C. |
| Title |
Receptor specificity in human, avian, and equine H2 and H3 influenza virus isolates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Virology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Virology |
| Volume |
205 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17-23 |
| Keywords |
Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids/genetics; Animals; Carbohydrate Sequence; Chick Embryo; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics; Influenza A virus/*metabolism; Molecular Sequence Data; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism; Species Specificity; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics |
| Abstract |
The receptor specificity of 56 H2 and H3 influenza virus isolates from various animal species has been determined to test the relevance of receptor specificity to the ecology of influenza virus. The results show that the receptor specificity of both H2 and H3 isolates evaluated for sialic acid linkage specificity and inhibition of hemagglutination by horse serum correlates with the species of origin, as postulated earlier for H3 strains based on a limited survey of five human, three avian, and one equine strain. Elucidation of the amino acid sequence of several human H2 receptor variants and analysis of known sequences of H2 and H3 isolates revealed that receptor specificity varies in association with an amino acid change at residues 228 in addition to the change at residue 226 previously documented to affect receptor specificity of H3 but not H1 isolates. Residues 226 and 228 are leucine and serine in human isolates, which preferentially bind sialic acid alpha 2,6-galactose beta 1,4-N-acetyl glucosamine (SA alpha 2,6Gal), and glutamine and glycine in avian and equine isolates, which exhibit specificity for sialic acid alpha-2,3-galactose beta-1,3-N-acetyl galactosamine (SA alpha 2,3Gal). The results demonstrate that the correlation of receptor specificity and species of origin is maintained across both H2 and H3 influenza virus serotypes and provide compelling evidence that influenza virus hosts exert selective pressure to maintain the receptor specificity characteristics of strains isolated from that species. |
| Address |
Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1737 |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0042-6822 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7975212 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2662 |
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| Author |
Chiba, K.; Ikai, A.; Kawamura-Konishi, Y.; Kihara, H. |
| Title |
Kinetic study on myoglobin refolding monitored by five optical probe stopped-flow methods |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proteins |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proteins |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
110-119 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Horses; Kinetics; Metmyoglobin/analogs & derivatives/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry; *Protein Folding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Urea |
| Abstract |
The refolding kinetics of horse cyanometmyoglobin induced by concentration jump of urea was investigated by five optical probe stopped-flow methods: absorption at 422 nm, tryptophyl fluorescence at around 340 nm, circular dichroism (CD) at 222 nm, CD at 260 nm, and CD at 422 nm. In the refolding process, we detected three phases with rate constants of > 1 x 10(2) s-1, (4.5-9.3) s-1, and (2-5) x 10(-3) s-1. In the fastest phase, a substantial amount of secondary structure (approximately 40%) is formed within the dead time of the CD stopped-flow apparatus (10.7 ms). The kinetic intermediate populated in the fastest phase is shown to capture a hemindicyanide, suggesting that a “heme pocket precursor” recognized by hemindicyanide must be constructed within the dead time. In the middle phase, most of secondary and tertiary structures, especially around the captured hemindicyanide, have been constructed. In the slowest phase, we detected a minor structural rearrangement accompanying the ligand-exchange reaction in the fifth coordination of ferric iron. We present a possible model for the refolding process of myoglobin in the presence of the heme group. |
| Address |
Laboratory of Biodynamics, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0887-3585 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8090705 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3799 |
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| Author |
Aviad, A.D.; Houpt, J.B. |
| Title |
The molecular weight of therapeutic hyaluronan (sodium hyaluronate): how significant is it? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
The Journal of rheumatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Rheumatol |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
297-301 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Horse Diseases/drug therapy; Horses; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid/*chemistry/*therapeutic use; Joint Diseases/*drug therapy/veterinary; Molecular Weight; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy/veterinary; Synovial Fluid/drug effects/physiology; Viscosity |
| Abstract |
Various molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have been injected into joints for the treatment of human and equine osteoarthritis. A therapeutic advantage has been claimed for commercial products with a molecular weight in the range found in normal synovial fluid (SF), compared to lower molecular weight products. But a correlation between molecular weight and efficacy is not borne out by an analysis of the available literature on clinical results. SF viscosity, HA concentration, HA molecular weight and rate of synthesis in joint disease. It is proposed that the beneficial effect of injected HA in joint disease may be due to pharmacological rather than to physical properties. |
| Address |
Rheumatic Disease Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0315-162X |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8182640 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
35 |
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| Author |
Judge, P.G.; de Waal, F.B.; Paul, K.S.; Gordon, T.P. |
| Title |
Removal of a trauma-inflicting alpha matriline from a group of rhesus macaques to control severe wounding |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Laboratory animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Lab Anim Sci |
| Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
344-350 |
| Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Female; *Macaca mulatta; Male; *Monkey Diseases; *Social Dominance; Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology/prevention & control/*veterinary |
| Abstract |
Wounding in an 83-member group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) housed at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center Field Station became excessive to the point that intervention was deemed necessary. When observations indicated that three females from the group's alpha matriline were principally responsible for the wounding, the matriline (N = 7) was removed from the group. This study was conducted to document an atypical pattern of wounding in this group and to evaluate the effectiveness of removal as a procedure for controlling injuries. The aggression rates of 21 adult subjects and the wounds of all group members were recorded before and after the removal procedure and compared with those in a similar-sized group. Removing the alpha matriline did not alter aggression rates in the group or the rank order among the remaining matrilines. Aggression rates in the experimental group were also not significantly different from those in the comparison group before or after the removal. With the alpha matriline present, wounding levels in the group were significantly higher than those in the comparison group. After removal of the matriline, the frequency of wounds decreased significantly to levels similar to those of the comparison group. The pattern of excess wounding attributed to the extracted alpha females was idiosyncratic, involving removal of large patches of skin from the hindquarters of adult females or removal of the distal portion of the fingers, toes, or tail from juveniles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
| Address |
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329 |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0023-6764 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7983846 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
207 |
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| Author |
Judge, P.G.; de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
Intergroup grooming relations between alpha females in a population of free-ranging rhesus macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
63-70 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; *Grooming; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Population Density; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Intergroup affiliation among female rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, was examined in the captive free-ranging colony of Morgan Island, S.C., USA. The provisioned colony has many social groups (35) and is maintained at a relatively high population density (21 animals/ha) with a relatively low adult male to female ratio (1:8.8). Focal and ad libitum samples were collected on 32 adults (3 males and 29 females) from two groups. Although infrequent, grooming was observed between adult females from different groups, and alpha females were the main participants in these interactions. Colony records indicated that none of the intergroup grooms was between females formerly from a common group. Relations between familiar neighboring groups may be maintained by a combination of both affiliative and aggressive behavior. |
| Address |
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Lawrenceville, Ga 30243 |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0015-5713 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7813977 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
208 |
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| Author |
Zentall, T.R.; Sherburne, L.M. |
| Title |
Role of differential sample responding in the differential outcomes effect involving delayed matching by pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
390-401 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; *Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; Feeding Behavior; Task Performance and Analysis |
| Abstract |
The role of differential sample responding in the differential outcomes effect was examined. In Experiment 1, we trained pigeons on a one-to-many matching task with differential sample responding required. Differential outcomes were associated with samples and comparisons, with comparisons only, or with neither samples nor comparisons. Slopes of delay functions for trials with pecked versus nonpecked samples suggested use of a single-code-default strategy in the nondifferential-outcomes group but not in the differential-outcomes groups. In Experiment 2, differential sample responding and differential outcomes were manipulated independently. Again, there were significant differences in the relative slopes of the delay functions. Results suggest that differential outcomes exert their effect independently of differential sample responding. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506 |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:7964521 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
257 |
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| Author |
Zentall, T.R.; Sherburne, L.M. |
| Title |
Transfer of value from S+ to S- in a simultaneous discrimination |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
176-183 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; Motivation; Orientation; Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Problem Solving; *Reinforcement Schedule; *Transfer (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
Value transfer theory has been proposed to account for transitive inference effects (L. V. Fersen, C. D. L. Wynne, J. D. Delius, & J. E. R. Staddon, 1991), in which following training on 4 simultaneous discriminations (A+B-, B+C-, C+D-, D+E-) pigeons show a preference for B over D. According to this theory, some of the value of reinforcement acquired by each S+ transfers to the S-. In the transitive inference experiment, C (associated with both reward and nonreward) can transfer less value to D than A (associated only with reward) can transfer to B. Support for value transfer theory was demonstrated in 2 experiments in which an S- presented in the context of a stimulus to which responses were always reinforced (S+) was preferred over an S- presented in the context of a stimulus to which responses were sometimes reinforced (S +/-). |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506 |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8189186 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
258 |
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| Author |
Zeeb, K. |
| Title |
[Possibilities for the all-year free-range raising of horses] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
| Volume |
101 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
122-123 |
| Keywords |
Animal Feed; *Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare; Animals; Germany; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal; Seasons; Weather |
| Abstract |
The ethological concept concerning supply of needs an avoidance of damage is mentioned as a possibility for the evaluation of welfare aspects related to animal management. The 250 Dulmen horses kept on 300 ha by the Duke of Croy show what must be provided for horse-keeping in a semi-natural environment: Sufficient food and water, efficient shelter as well as adequate structures for the needs of horses concerning social and comfort behaviour. A catalogue of factors, functions and facilities for this kind of horse-keeping is presented. |
| Address |
Tierhygienischen Institut, Freiburg, Breisgau |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
German |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Moglichkeiten der ganzjahrigen Freilandhaltung von Pferden |
| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0341-6593 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:8205954 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1941 |
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