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Author |
Deuel, N.R.; Lawrence, L.M. |
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Title |
Laterality in the gallop gait of horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Journal of biomechanics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biomech |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
645-649 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Functional Laterality; *Gait; Horses/*physiology; Kinesis |
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Abstract |
Bilateral asymmetry in gallop stride limb contact patterns of four Quarter Horse fillies was documented by high-speed cinematography. Horses were filmed with rider by two cameras simultaneously while galloping along a straightaway. Even though signaled for each gallop lead an equivalent number of times, horses frequently switched leads, selecting the left lead nearly twice as often as the right. Velocities and stride lengths were greater for the left lead than the right, but stride frequencies did not differ between leads. Velocity effects were partitioned out in limb contact data analysis to enable the determination of persistent gallop stride asymmetries. The contact duration for the trailing (right) fore limb on the left lead exceeded the contact duration for the trailing (left) fore limb on the right lead. Selecting the right fore limb as the trailing fore limb may have allowed horses to use it to withstand the greater stresses and caused them to preferentially gallop with the left fore limb leading. Laterality may have an important influence on equine gallop motion patterns and thereby influence athletic performance. |
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English |
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0021-9290 |
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PMID:3611140 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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528 |
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Author |
Berger J, |
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Title |
Reproductive fates of dispersers in a harem-dwelling ungulate: the wild horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mammalian dispersal Patterns |
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41-54 |
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Chepko-Sade, B.D. ; Halpin, Z.T. |
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Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
940 |
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Author |
Ginsberg, J.R. |
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Title |
Social behavior and mating strategies of an arid adapted equid: the Grevy's zebra. |
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Year |
1987 |
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Prnceton |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2295 |
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Author |
GODFREY D et al, |
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Title |
Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the special frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in disply and crysis |
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Year |
1987 |
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Biol J Linnean Soc |
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32 |
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Pages |
427-433 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1116 |
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Author |
Harley Eh, |
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Title |
The retrieval of the quagga |
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Year |
1987 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1160 |
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Author |
Scheunert, A. Trautmann, A. |
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Title |
Lehrbuch der Veterinär-Physiologie. |
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Year |
1987 |
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Parey |
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Berlin |
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978-3489662167 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4441 |
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Author |
Gouzoules, S.; Gouzoules, H. |
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Title |
Kinship |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Primate societies |
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Pages |
299-305 |
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University of Chicago Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
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Smuts, B. B.; Cheney, D. L.; Seyfarth, R. M.; Wrangham, R. W.; Struhsaker T. T |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5430 |
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Author |
Siegel, H.S. |
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Title |
Effects of behavioural and physical stressors on immune responses. |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Biology of Stress in Farm Animals |
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Martinus Nijhoff |
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London |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5994 |
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Author |
Tizard I. |
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Title |
An introduction to veterinary immunology. |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1987 |
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WB Saunders Co. |
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Philadelphia |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6000 |
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Author |
Hunte, W.; Horrocks, J.A. |
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Title |
Kin and non-kin interventions in the aggressive disputes of vervet monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
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20 |
Issue |
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Pages |
257-263 |
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Abstract |
Interventions in aggressive disputes were investigated in a free-living troop of vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) in Barbados. Interventions on behalf of kin were more frequent than on behalf of non-kin. Both types of interventions were more likely when the intervening animal outranked the opponent; presumably because retaliation probability, and hence cost of intervening, is low against low ranking opponents. The number of interventions given on behalf of both kin and non-kin increased with the number of disputes in which they were involved. In contrast to kin interventions, the number of interventions given on behalf of non-kin was correlated with that received by non-kin, suggesting that reciprocation is a necessary component of non-kin interventions. Non-kin interventions were more likely when the recipient outranked the opponent, presumably because reciprocation probability is high. Pairs of non-kin form structured reciprocal relationships based on the proportion of interventions allocated to each other, and most non-kin interventions flowed through these relationships. Males intervened on behalf of non-kin more frequently than did females. The implications of the results for the evolution of kin and reciprocal altruism were discussed. |
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Notes |
10.1007/Bf00292178 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4927 |
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