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Author |
Dugatkin, L.A.; Wilson, D.S. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Choice experiments and cognition: a reply to Lamprecht & Hofer |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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47 |
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6 |
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1459-1461 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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479 |
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Author |
Boesch, C. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Cooperative hunting in wild chimpanzees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
653-667 |
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A model for the evolution of cooperation shows that two conditions are necessary for cooperation to be stable: a hunting success rate that is low for single hunters and increases with group size, and a social mechanism limiting access to meat by non-hunters. Testing this model on TaI chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, showed that (1) it pays for individuals to hunt in groups of three or four rather than alone or in pairs, and (2) cooperation is stable because hunters gain more at these group sizes than cheaters, owing to a meat-sharing pattern in which hunting, dominance and age, in that order, determine how much an individual gets. In addition, hunters provide cheaters (about 45% of the meat eaters) with the surplus they produce during the hunts. Thus, cooperation in Tai male chimpanzees is an evolutionarily stable strategy, and its success allows cheating to be an evolutionarily stable strategy for Tai female chimpanzees. In Gombe chimpanzees, cooperation is not stable, first, because hunting success is very high for single hunters, and second, because no social mechanism exists that limits access to meat by non-hunters. The analysis showed that some assumptions made when discussing cooperation in other social hunters might be wrong. This might downgrade our general perception of the importance of cooperation as an evolutionary cause of sociality. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4715 |
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Author |
Avital, E.; Jablonka, E. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Social learning and the evolution of behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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48 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1195-1199 |
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Abstract. In animals capable of learning from a parent or other individual, socially acquired behaviour can be transmitted through several generations. When the inheritance of variations in such behaviour is independent of genotypic variations, natural selection can operate on an additional level. Direct evolution of behaviour becomes possible, and this may alter the estimates of costs and benefits of behaviour patterns for the individual who transmits them. It is suggested that the effects of maternally transmitted behaviour contribute to the evolution of maternal behavioural strategies, and to the evolution of behaviour associated with male-female conflict. |
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574 |
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Author |
Petit, O.; Thierry, B. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Aggressive and peaceful interventions in conflicts in Tonkean macaques |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1427-1436 |
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Abstract. Peaceful interventions in conflicts are an extremely rare phenomenon in most primate species. In contrast to aggressive interventions, they cannot lead to gains in terms of competition. To clarify the function and origin of this behaviour, the patterning and consequences of peaceful and aggressive interventions were studied in a semi-free ranging group of tonkean macaques, Macaca tonkeana. Intense conflicts frequently elicited both types of intervention. Interveners preferentially targeted the initiator of the conflict, who was generally the dominant of the two opponents. Males tended to intervene more than females, especially using peaceful interventions. Interventions were frequently performed on behalf of the most closely kin-related opponent; this was true particularly for aggressive interventions. In peaceful interventions, the intervener was usually dominant over both parties. Lipsmacking, clasping, mounting and social play were mainly used, and were successful in halting aggression. Peaceful interventions were frequently followed by an affinitive interaction, such as grooming, between intervener and target. Peaceful interventions thus appear to protect the beneficiary while preserving the social relationship between intervener and target. The origin of the behaviour can be traced to the epigenetic constraints arising from the species-specific social organization. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5244 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Sexual coercion in animal societies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
49 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1345-1365 |
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In a wide range of animal species, males coerce females to mate with them, either by physically forcing them to mate, by harassing them until they mate or by punishing persistent refusal to mate. The first section of this paper argues that the possibility of forced copulation can generate arms races between males and females that may have substantial costs to both sexes. In the second section, it is suggested that sexual harassment commonly represents a `war of attrition' between the sexes; existing game theory models that may apply to sexual conflict over mating decisions are reviewed. The third section develops a simple prospective model for the evolution of intimidation by punishment in situations where males can raise the probability that females will accept their advances in future by punishing them for refusal to mate. Where the benefits of sexual coercion to males are high, all three male strategies may develop to a point where they have substantial costs to females. In the final section, evidence that female behaviour is adapted to minimizing these costs is reviewed. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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757 |
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Author |
Galef,, Bennett G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Why behaviour patterns that animals learn socially are locally adaptive |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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49 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1325-1334 |
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Recent models of the social transmission of behaviour by animals have repeatedly led their authors to the counterintuitive (and counterfactual) conclusion that traditional behaviour patterns in animals are often not locally adaptive. This deduction results from the assumption in such models that frequency of expression of socially learned behaviour patterns is not affected by rewards or punishments contingent upon their expression. An alternative approach to analysis of social learning processes, based on Staddon-Simmelhag's conditioning model, is proposed here. It is assumed that social interactions affect the probability of introduction of novel behaviour patterns into a naive individual's repertoire and that consequences of engaging in a socially learned behaviour determine whether that behaviour continues to be expressed. Review of several recently analysed instances of animal social learning suggests that distinguishing processes that introduce behaviour patterns into the repertoires of individuals from processes that select among behavioural alternatives aids in understanding observed differences in the longevity of various traditional behaviour patterns studied in both laboratory and field. Finally, implications of the present approach for understanding the role of social learning in evolutionary process are discussed. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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578 |
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Author |
Lefebvre, L.; Whittle, P.; Lascaris, E.; Finkelstein, A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Feeding innovations and forebrain size in birds |
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Journal Article |
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1997 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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53 |
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3 |
Pages |
549-560 |
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The links between ecology, behavioural plasticity and brain size are often tested via the comparative method. Given the problems in interpretating comparative tests of learning and cognition, however, alternative measures of plasticity need to be developed. From the short notes section of nine ornithological journals, two separate, exhaustive data sets have been collated on opportunistic foraging innovations in birds of North America (1973-1993;N=196) and the British Isles (1983-1993;N=126). Both the absolute and relative frequencies (corrected for species number per order) of innovations differ between bird orders in a similar fashion in the two geographical zones. Absolute and relative frequency of innovations per order are also related to two measures of relative forebrain size in the two zones. The study confirms predicted trends linking opportunism, brain size and rate of structural evolution. It also suggests that innovation rate in the field may be a useful measure of behavioural plasticity. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4740 |
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Author |
Stephens, D.W.; Anderson, J.P.; Benson, K.E. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
On the spurious occurrence of Tit for Tat in pairs of predator-approaching fish |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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53 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
113-131 |
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An experimental analysis of the movements of predator-approaching fish is presented. The experiments evaluated two competing hypotheses. (1) Predator-approaching fish play the game-theoretical strategy Tit for Tat. Alternatively, (2) the movements of predator-approaching fish superficially resemble Tit for Tat, because fish independently orient to a predator and simultaneously attempt to stay close together. Experimental subjects were mosquito fish,Gambusia affinisapproaching a green sunfish,Lepomis cyanellusTwo experiments were performed. Experiment 1 replicated results of Milinski (1987) and Dugatkin (1991), showing thatGambusiacome closer to a visible predator when a mirror is oriented parallel to their direction of travel. Experiment 2 attempted to separate the effects of common orientation and social cohesion in accounting for the frequency of Tit-for-Tat-like motions in pairs of predator-approachingGambusia. Results of experiment 2 suggest that a simple additive combination of the effects of (1) social cohesion in the absence of a visible predator and (2) orientation to a visible predator in the absence of a visible companion can account for the observed frequency of Tit-for-Tat-like motions for pairs of predator-approachingGambusia. It is concluded that predator approach in shoaling fishes is probably a simple by-product mutualism, rather than cooperation maintained by reciprocity in a Prisoner's Dilemma. |
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486 |
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Author |
Dugatkin, L.A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Tit for Tat, by-product mutualism and predator inspection: a reply to Connor |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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51 |
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2 |
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455-457 |
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487 |
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Author |
Wilson, D.S.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
A reply to Lombardi & Hurlbert |
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Journal Article |
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1996 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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52 |
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2 |
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423-425 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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475 |
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