|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Hauser, M.D.; Kralik, J.; Botto-Mahan, C.; Garrett, M.; Oser, J. |
|
|
Title |
Self-recognition in primates: phylogeny and the salience of species-typical features |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
|
|
Volume |
92 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
10811-10814 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Discrimination (Psychology); Exploratory Behavior; Female; Hair Color; Male; Phylogeny; Psychology, Comparative; Research Design; Saguinus/*psychology; *Self Concept; Species Specificity; Touch; *Visual Perception |
|
|
Abstract |
Self-recognition has been explored in nonlinguistic organisms by recording whether individuals touch a dye-marked area on visually inaccessible parts of their face while looking in a mirror or inspect parts of their body while using the mirror's reflection. Only chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans over the age of approximately 2 years consistently evidence self-directed mirror-guided behavior without experimenter training. To evaluate the inferred phylogenetic gap between hominoids and other animals, a modified dye-mark test was conducted with cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), a New World monkey species. The white hair on the tamarins' head was color-dyed, thereby significantly altering a visually distinctive species-typical feature. Only individuals with dyed hair and prior mirror exposure touched their head while looking in the mirror. They looked longer in the mirror than controls, and some individuals used the mirror to observe visually inaccessible body parts. Prior failures to pass the mirror test may have been due to methodological problems, rather than to phylogenetic differences in the capacity for self-recognition. Specifically, an individual's sensitivity to experimentally modified parts of its body may depend crucially on the relative saliency of the modified part (e.g., face versus hair). Moreover, and in contrast to previous claims, we suggest that the mirror test may not be sufficient for assessing the concept of self or mental state attribution in nonlinguistic organisms. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0027-8424 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:7479889 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2825 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Gallup, G.G.J. |
|
|
Title |
On the rise and fall of self-conception in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
|
|
Volume |
818 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
72-82 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Phylogeny; Primates/*psychology; *Self Concept |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Albany 12222, USA |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:9237466 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4134 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Salzen, E.A.; Cornell, J.M. |
|
|
Title |
Self-perception and species recognition in birds |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1968 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
|
|
Volume |
30 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
44-65 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Birds; Color Perception; Discrimination Learning; Generalization, Response; Imprinting (Psychology); *Perception; *Self Concept; Social Isolation; *Species Specificity; Water |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0005-7959 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:5644775 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4154 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Detmer, D. |
|
|
Title |
Response: of pigs and primitive notions |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Between the Species : a Journal of Ethics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Between Species |
|
|
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
203-208 |
|
|
Keywords |
Agriculture; *Animal Rights; Animals; *Animals, Genetically Modified; Humans; Self Concept; Stress, Psychological; Genetics and Reproduction |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12091951; KIE: 9 fn.; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: genetic intervention |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4156 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Hart, D.; Whitlow, J.W.J. |
|
|
Title |
The experience of self in the bottlenose dolphin |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Consciousness and Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conscious Cogn |
|
|
Volume |
4 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
244-247 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animal Communication; Animals; *Awareness; Body Image; Dolphins/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; *Self Concept; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; *Television; *Visual Perception |
|
|
Abstract |
Marten and Psarakos have presented some evidence which suggests that objective self-awareness and possibly representations of self may characterize the dolphins' experience of self. Their research demonstrates the possibility of similarities in the sense of self between primate species and dolphins, although whether dolphins have subjective self-awareness, personal memories, and theories of self--all important facets of the sense of self in humans--was not examined. Clearly, even this limited evidence was difficult to achieve; the difficulties in adapting methods and coding behavior are quite apparent in their report. Future progress, however, may depend upon clarification of what are the necessary components for a sense of self and an explication of how these might be reflected in dolphin behavior. We are mindful of the authors' point (pp. 219 and 220) that the dolphin lives more in an acoustic than a visual environment. Thus, while tasks relying upon vision may reveal the presence or absence of the sense of self in primates, it might well be the case that in dolphins self-related experiences might be better revealed in auditory tasks. But then, what is the nature of human self-awareness in terms of audition? While both conceptual and methodological hurdles remain, Marten and Psarakos have demonstrated that important questions can be asked about the minds and phenomenal worlds of nonanthropoid species. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102, USA |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1053-8100 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:8521264 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4162 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Bermudez, J.L. |
|
|
Title |
The moral significance of birth |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Ethics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethics |
|
|
Volume |
106 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
378-403 |
|
|
Keywords |
Abortion, Induced; Animal Rights; Animals; Beginning of Human Life; Embryonic and Fetal Development; *Ethical Analysis; *Ethics; *Fetus; Homicide; Humans; *Individuality; *Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infanticide; *Labor, Obstetric; Life; *Personhood; Philosophy; Primates; Psychology; *Self Concept; *Value of Life; Analytical Approach; Genetics and Reproduction; Philosophical Approach |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0014-1704 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:11656645; KIE: 31 fn.; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: fetuses; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: personhood |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4177 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Marchal, P.; Anderson, J.R. |
|
|
Title |
Mirror-image responses in capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus): social responses and use of reflected environmental information |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
|
|
Volume |
61 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
165-173 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus/*psychology; *Cognition; Female; Male; Self Concept; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie (CNRS URA 1295), Universite Louis-Pasteur, Strasbourg, France |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0015-5713 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:8206423 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4180 |
|
Permanent link to this record |