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Briard, L.; Dorn, C.; Petit, O. |
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Title |
Personality and Affinities Play a Key Role in the Organisation of Collective Movements in a Group of Domestic Horses |
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2015 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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121 |
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9 |
Pages |
888-902 |
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Keywords |
decision-making; equids; hierarchy; leadership; social network |
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Abstract |
Understanding how groups of individuals with different motives come to daily decisions about the exploitation of their environment is a key question in animal behaviour. While interindividual differences are often seen only as a threat to group cohesion, growing evidence shows that they may to some extent facilitate effective collective action. Recent studies suggest that personality differences influence how individuals are attracted to conspecifics and affect their behaviour as an initiator or a follower. However, most of the existing studies are limited to a few taxa, mainly social fish and arthropods. Horses are social herbivores that live in long-lasting groups and show identifiable personality differences between individuals. We studied a group of 38 individuals living in a 30-ha hilly pasture. Over 200 h, we sought to identify how far individual differences such as personality and affinity distribution affect the dynamic of their collective movements. First, we report that individuals distribute their relationships according to similar personality and hierarchical rank. This is the first study that demonstrates a positive assortment between unrelated individuals according to personality in a mammal species. Second, we measured individual propensity to initiate and found that bold individuals initiated more often than shy individuals. However, their success in terms of number of followers and joining duration did not depend on their individual characteristics. Moreover, joining process is influenced by social network, with preferred partners following each other and bolder individuals being located more often at the front of the movement. Our results illustrate the importance of taking into account interindividual behavioural differences in studies of social behaviours. |
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1439-0310 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6153 |
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Author |
Sueur, C.; Petit, O. |
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Title |
Organization of Group Members at Departure Is Driven by Social Structure in Macaca |
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Year |
2008 |
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International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int. J. Primatol. |
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29 |
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4 |
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1085-1098 |
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dominance – kinship – Macaca tonkeana – M. mulatta – network metrics – order – movement |
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Abstract Researchers have often explained order of progression of group members during joint movement in terms of the influence of ecological pressures but rarely that of social constraints. We studied the order of joining by group members to a movement in semifree-ranging macaques with contrasting social systems: 1 group of Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) and 1 group of rhesus macaques (M. mulatta). We used network metrics to understand roles and associations among individuals. The way the macaques joined a movement reflected the social differences between the species in terms of dominance and kinship. Old and dominant male rhesus macaques were more often at the front of the movement, contrary to the Tonkean macaques, which exhibited no specific order. Moreover, rhesus macaques preferred to join high-ranking or related individuals, whereas Tonkean macaques based associations during joining mostly on sexual relationships with a subgroup of peripheral males. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5125 |
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Sueur, C.; Petit, O. |
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Signals use by leaders in Macaca tonkeana and Macaca mulatta: group-mate recruitment and behaviour monitoring |
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2010 |
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Animal Cognition |
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Anim. Cogn. |
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13 |
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2 |
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239-248 |
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Decision-making – Collective movement – Intention – Macaque – Social style – Kinship |
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Abstract Animals living in groups have to make consensus decisions and communicate with each other about the time, or the direction, in which to move. In some species, the process relies on the proposition of a single individual, i.e. a first individual suggests a movement and the other group members decide whether or not to join this individual. In Tonkean (Macaca tonkeana) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), it has been observed that this first individual displays specific signals at departure. In this paper, we aimed to explore the function of such behaviours, i.e. if these behaviours were recruitment signals or only cues about the motivation of the first departed individual. We carried out temporal analyses and studied the latencies of the first departed individual’s behaviours and of the joining of other group members. We also assessed whether the social style of a species in terms of dominance and kinship relationships influenced the patterns of signal emissions. We then analyzed how the first departed individual decided to make a pause or to stop it according to the identities of group members that joined the collective movement. Results showed that Tonkean macaques and rhesus macaques seemed to use back-glances to monitor the joining of other group members and pauses to recruit such individuals. This was especially the case for highly socially affiliated individuals in Tonkean macaques and kin-related individuals in rhesus macaques. Moreover, back-glances and pauses disappeared when such individuals joined the first departed individual. From these results, we suggested that such behaviour could be considered intentional. Such findings could not be highlighted without temporal analyses and accurate observations on primate groups in semi-free ranging conditions. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5117 |
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Author |
Meunier, H.; Leca, J.B.; Deneubourg, J.L.; Petit, O. |
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Title |
Group movement decisions in capuchin monkeys: the utility of an experimental study and a mathematical model to explore the relationship between individual and collective behaviours |
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Year |
2006 |
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Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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143 |
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1511-1527 |
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animal society – collective decision-making – primates – group movement – mathematical modeling |
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In primate groups, collective movements are typically described as processes dependent on leadership mechanisms. However, in some species, decision-making includes negotiations and distributed leadership. These facts suggest that simple underlying processes may explain certain decision mechanisms during collective movements. To study such processes, we have designed experiments on white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) during which we provoked collective movements involving a binary choice. These experiments enabled us to analyse the spatial decisions of individuals in the group. We found that the underlying process includes anonymous mimetism, which means that each individual may influence all members of the group. To support this result, we created a mathematical model issued from our experimental data. A totally anonymous model does not fit perfectly with our experimental distribution. A more individualised model, which takes into account the specific behaviour of social peripheral individuals, revealed the validity of the mimetism hypothesis. Even though white-faced capuchins have complex cognitive abilities, a coexistence of anonymous and social mechanisms appears to influence their choice of direction during collective movements. The present approach may offer vital insights into the relationships between individual behaviours and their emergent collective acts. |
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2066 |
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Author |
Bourjade, M.; Thierry, B.; Maumy, M.; Petit, O. |
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Title |
Decision-making in Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) is driven by the ecological contexts of collective movements |
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Year |
2009 |
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Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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115 |
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4 |
Pages |
321-330 |
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We addressed decision-making processes in the collective movements of
two groups of Przewalski horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) living in a semi
free-ranging population. We investigated whether different patterns of
group movement are related to certain ecological contexts (habitat use
and group activity) and analysed the possible decision-making processes
involved. We found two distinct patterns; ‘single-bout’ and ‘multiplebout’
movements occurred in both study groups. The movements were
defined by the occurrence of collective stops between bouts and differed
by their duration, distance covered and ecological context. For both
movements, we found that a preliminary period involving several horses
occurred before departure. In single-bout movements, all group members
rapidly joined the first moving horse, independently of the preliminary
period. In multiple-bout movements, however, the joining
process was longer; in particular when the number of decision-makers
and their pre-departure behaviour before departure increased. Multiplebout
movements were more often used by horses to switch habitats and
activities. This observation demonstrates that the horses need more time
to resolve motivational conflicts before these departures. We conclude
that decision-making in Przewalski horses is based on a shared consensus
process driven by ecological determinants. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4801 |
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