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Author |
Terrace, H.S. |
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Title |
Chunking by a pigeon in a serial learning task |
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Year |
1987 |
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Nature |
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Nature |
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Volume |
325 |
Issue |
7000 |
Pages |
149-151 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Feedback; Learning/*physiology; Male |
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Abstract |
A basic principle of human memory is that lists that can be organized into memorable 'chunks' are easier to remember. Memory span is limited to a roughly constant number of chunks and is to a large extent independent of the amount of informaton contained in each chunk. Depending on the ingenuity of the code used to integrate discrete items into chunks, one can substantially increase the number of items that can be recalled correctly. Newly developed paradigms for studying memory in non-verbal organisms allow comparison of the abilities of human and non-human subjects to memorize lists. Here I present two types of evidence that pigeons 'chunk' 5-element lists whose components (colours and achromatic geometric forms) are clustered into distinct groups. Those lists were learned twice as rapidly as a homogeneous list of colours or heterogeneous lists in which the elements are not clustered. The pigeons were also tested for knowledge of the order of two elements drawn from the 5-element lists. They responded in the correct order only to those subsets that contained a chunk boundary. Thus chunking can be studied profitably in animal subjects; the cognitive processes that allow an organism to form chunks do no presuppose linguistic competence. |
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0028-0836 |
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PMID:3808071 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2792 |
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DOBRORUKA LJ et al, |
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Title |
An analysis of the population of Grevy's zebra |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
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Int Zoo Yb |
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26 |
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290-293 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1018 |
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Author |
Glen-Leary J, |
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Title |
Stud book for zebras |
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Year |
1987 |
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Farmer's weekly |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1115 |
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Author |
Klingel H, |
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Unpaarhufer, Pferde |
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1987 |
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in Grzimek B (ed): Grzimeks Enzyklopädie Säugetiere |
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4 |
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548-592, Kindler |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1319 |
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Author |
Mcinnis Ml, V.M. |
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Title |
Dietary relationships among feral horses, cattle, and pronhorn in southeastern Oregon |
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Year |
1987 |
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J Range Mgmt |
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40 |
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60-66 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1379 |
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Author |
Olivier W, |
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Title |
Is it possible to bring back the quagga? |
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Year |
1987 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Roan News |
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4 |
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1-2 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1435 |
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Author |
Penzhorn Bl, |
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Title |
Descriptions of incisors of known – age Cape Mountain Zebras from the Mountain Zebra National park |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Onderstepoort J vet Res |
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54 |
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135-141 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1459 |
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Author |
Penzhorn Bl, G.R. |
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Title |
Incisor wear in free – ranging Cape mountain zebras |
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Year |
1987 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
S Afr J Wildl Res |
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17 |
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99-102 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1461 |
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Author |
Penzhorn Bl, L.P. |
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Title |
Comparisons of reproductive parameters of two Cape mountain zebra populations |
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1987 |
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J Reprod Fert Suppl |
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35 |
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661-663 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1462 |
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Author |
Schilder Mbh, B.P. |
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Title |
Ethological investigations on a herd of Plains Zebra in a safari park: Time – budgets, reproduction and food competition |
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Year |
1987 |
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App Anim Behav Sci |
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18 |
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45-56 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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Call Number |
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1568 |
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