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Author |
Ward, M.P.; Ramsay, B.H.; Gallo, K. |
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Title |
Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
181-188 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Biomass; Cluster Analysis; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Ecology; *Geographic Information Systems; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses; Indiana/epidemiology; Plants; Population Surveillance; Rural Health; Seasons; Topography, Medical/*methods; West Nile Fever/epidemiology/*veterinary |
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Abstract |
Data from an outbreak (August to October, 2002) of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis in a population of horses located in northern Indiana was scanned for clusters in time and space. One significant (p = 0.04) cluster of case premises was detected, occurring between September 4 and 10 in the south-west part of the study area (85.70 degrees N, 45.50 degrees W). It included 10 case premises (3.67 case premises expected) within a radius of 2264 m. Image data were acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor onboard a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar-orbiting satellite. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from visible and near-infrared data of daily observations, which were composited to produce a weekly-1km(2) resolution raster image product. During the epidemic, a significant (p < 0.01) decrease (0.025 per week) in estimated NDVI was observed at all case and control premise sites. The median estimated NDVI (0.659) for case premises within the cluster identified was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than the median estimated NDVI for other case (0.571) and control (0.596) premises during the same period. The difference in median estimated NDVI for case premises within this cluster, compared to cases not included in this cluster, was greatest (5.3% and 5.1%, respectively) at 1 and 5 weeks preceding occurrence of the cluster. The NDVI may be useful for identifying foci of WNV transmission. |
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Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. mward@cvm.tamu.edu |
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1530-3667 |
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PMID:16011435 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2627 |
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Author |
Lyda, R.O.; Hall, J.R.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. |
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Title |
A comparison of Freund's Complete and Freund's Modified Adjuvants used with a contraceptive vaccine in wild horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Zoo Wildl Med |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
610-616 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Antibody Formation; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; Estrus/drug effects; Female; Freund's Adjuvant/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*immunology; Horses/immunology/*physiology; *Vaccines, Contraceptive; Zona Pellucida/*immunology |
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Fifteen captive wild mares (Equus caballus) were treated with porcine zona pellucida contraceptive vaccine and either Freund's Complete Adjuvant (n = 7) or Freund's Modified Adjuvant (n = 8). All mares received a booster inoculation of porcine zona pellucida plus Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant a month later. Anti-porcine zona pellucida antibodies were measured over 10 mo following the initial inoculation. There were no significant differences in antibody titers at any point during the 10 mo, and seven of the eight mares in the Freund's Modified Adjuvant group were above the 60% level at the end of the study, which is considered to be the contraceptive threshold for horses. There were no significant differences in titers between pregnant and nonpregnant horses, nor was there a significant correlation between age and titers. One local injection site reaction occurred after booster treatment with Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant, and 11 healthy foals were born during the course of the study. These data suggest that Freund's Modified Adjuvant is an acceptable substitute for Freund's Complete Adjuvant in certain free-ranging and captive wildlife species. |
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Science and Conservation Center, 2100 South Shiloh Road, Billings, Montana 59106, USA |
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1042-7260 |
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PMID:17312717 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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139 |
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Author |
Bemmel Van Acv, |
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Title |
Some remarks on the african wild ass |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Zoolog Mededelingen |
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Volume |
47 |
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261-274 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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930 |
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Author |
Bouman Jg, |
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Title |
The future of Przewalski horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1977 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Int Zoo Yearbook |
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17 |
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62-68 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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953 |
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Author |
David R, |
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Title |
Breeding the indian wild ass |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1966 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Int Zoo Yearb |
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197-198 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1005 |
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DOBRORUKA LJ et al, |
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Title |
An analysis of the population of Grevy's zebra |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Int Zoo Yb |
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26 |
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290-293 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1018 |
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Author |
Dolan Jm, |
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Title |
Przewalski's horse, Equus przewalskii Poliakov, 1881, in the United States prior to 1940 and its influence of the present breeding |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Zoologische Garten |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zool. Garten. |
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52 |
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49-65 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1019 |
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Author |
Doreau M, |
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Title |
Comportement alimentaire du cheval à l`écurie |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Zootech |
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27 |
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291-302 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1021 |
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DOREAU M et al, |
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Title |
Activités alimentaires nocturnes du cheval au pâturage |
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1980 |
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Ann Zootech |
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29 |
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299-304 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1022 |
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Author |
Frechkop S, |
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Title |
Le Pélage des zebres |
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1959 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Zoo Antwerpen |
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25 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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Call Number |
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1094 |
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