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	Author	Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.; Carini, C.M.
	Title	Mutual grooming and nearest-neighbor relationships among foals of Equus caballus			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	15	Issue	2	Pages	113-123
	Keywords
	Abstract	A 3-year study was carried out on the developmental behavior of foals from birth to 24 weeks of age and the behavior of mares living with foals. Mutual-grooming partners of foals were primarily other foals. The peak frequency of mutual grooming occurred during Weeks 9-12, when fillies mutual-groomed 1.6 times h-1 and colts mutual-groomed 0.9 times h-1. Fillies mutual-groomed more frequently than colts (P < 0.025). Fillies mutual-groomed randomly with colts and other fillies (P < 0.05), whereas colts mutual-groomed almost exclusively with fillies (P = 0.03). At all ages studied, if a foal's nearest neighbor was not its mother, it was more likely to be another foal than would be expected if the foal was associating randomly with non-mother ponies. Fillies were more likely than expected to have a filly rather than a colt as their nearest neighbor (P = 0.01). Thus, during their first few months of life, the foals studied exhibited patterns of behavior which were consistent with the development of the usual social milieu of unmanaged adults, in which several mares form a cohesive herd with one or more stallions associating with them.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2276
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	Author	Cunningham, C.; Berger, J.
	Title	Wild horses of the Granite Range			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Natural History	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	32-39
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	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2279
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	Author	Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, J.W. Jr
	Title	Comparative reproductive biology of North American feral horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Journal of Equine Veterinary Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Equine Vet. Sci.
	Volume	6	Issue		Pages	224-230
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2326
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	Author	Mayes, E.; Duncan, P.
	Title	Temporal patterns of feeding behaviour in free-ranging horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Behavior	Abbreviated Journal	Behav.
	Volume	96	Issue		Pages	105-129
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2351
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	Author	Polley, L.
	Title	Strongylid parasites of horses: experimental ecology of the free-living stages on the Canadian prairie			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	American Journal of Veterinary Research	Abbreviated Journal	Am J Vet Res
	Volume	47	Issue	8	Pages	1686-1693
	Keywords	Animals; Canada; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology; Horses; Larva; Ovum/cytology; Seasons; Strongyloides/isolation & purification; Strongyloidiasis/epidemiology/veterinary
	Abstract	Each month for a 1-year period (October through September), equine fecal masses containing eggs of strongylid nematodes were placed outdoors on small grass plots in Saskatchewan, Canada. Thereafter, feces and grass from the plots were sampled after intervals of 1 week or longer, and the strongylid eggs and larvae recovered were counted. These observations were made over a 2-year period. Development of eggs to infective larvae occurred in all experiments, except those established in October, December, and January. Infective larvae from experiments set up in April through September survived that winter. During the summer, there was a gradual build up of infective larvae in the fecal masses, which reached a peak in August and September and then decreased into the winter. These results are discussed in the context of the control of strongylid parasites of horses on the Canadian prairie and in other areas of the world with a similar climate and similar horse management practices.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-9645	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3752676			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2682
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	Author	Takai, S.; Narita, K.; Ando, K.; Tsubaki, S.
	Title	Ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil on a horse-breeding farm			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Veterinary Microbiology	Abbreviated Journal	Vet Microbiol
	Volume	12	Issue	2	Pages	169-177
	Keywords	Actinomycetales/classification/growth & development; Animals; Corynebacterium/classification/growth & development; Feces/microbiology; Female; Horses; Serotyping; *Soil Microbiology
	Abstract	The ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil was studied on a horse-breeding farm. R. equi was cultured from soil at a depth of 0, 10, and 20 cm on the six sites of the farm at monthly intervals for 10 months from March to December of 1983. The highest numbers of R. equi were found in the surface soil. The mean number of bacteria in soil samples at every depth increased remarkably from 0 or 10(2) to 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 of soil in the middle of April, and later decreased gradually. R. equi inoculated into six soil exudate broths prepared from surface soils at separate sites yielded suspensions with different optical densities, indicating differences in growth. The distribution of serotypes in the soil was similar to that in the horses on the farm. These findings indicated that R. equi could multiply in the soil and flourish in the cycle existing between horses and their soil environment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0378-1135	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3750818			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2683
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	Author	Crans, W.J.; McNelly, J.; Schulze, T.L.; Main, A.
	Title	Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Mosq Control Assoc
	Volume	2	Issue	1	Pages	68-72
	Keywords	Aedes/microbiology; Alphavirus/isolation & purification; Animals; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/*isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/transmission/veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/transmission; Horses; Insect Vectors/microbiology; New Jersey
	Abstract	Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito, Aedes sollicitans, collected from coastal areas of New Jersey on 3 occasions during the late summer and fall of 1982. The isolations were made at a time when local Culiseta melanura were either undergoing a population increase or exhibiting high levels of EEE virus. Although no human cases were reported during the epizootic period, the data lend support to the hypothesis that Ae. sollicitans is capable of functioning as an epidemic vector in the coastal areas of New Jersey where human cases of EEE have been most common.
	Address	Mosquito Research and Control, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	8756-971X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:2853203			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2684
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	Author	Cynx, J.; Hulse, S.H.; Polyzois, S.
	Title	A psychophysical measure of pitch discrimination loss resulting from a frequency range constraint in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	12	Issue	4	Pages	394-402
	Keywords	Animals; Birds; Cognition; Female; Generalization, Stimulus; Male; *Pitch Discrimination; Psychoacoustics; Transfer (Psychology)
	Abstract	Earlier research (Hulse & Cynx, 1985) revealed that a number of species of songbirds acquired a pitch discrimination between rising and falling sequences in an arbitrarily defined training range of frequencies, but then failed to generalize the discrimination to new frequency ranges--a frequency range constraint. The two experiments here provide a psychophysical estimate of how pitch discrimination deteriorated in one species as sequences were stepped out from the training range. The gradient showing loss of discrimination was much sharper than would have been anticipated by stimulus generalization or the training procedures, and appeared unaffected by the removal of rising and falling frequency information. The frequency range constraint and its psychophysical properties have implications both for the analysis of birdsong and the study of animal cognition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3772303			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2786
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	Author	Flavell JH
	Title	The development of children's knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Am. Psychol.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	41	Issue		Pages	418
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	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2992
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	Author	Kortlandt A
	Title	The use of tools by wild-living chimpanzees and earliest hominids			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	J. Hum. Evol.,	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue		Pages	77
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	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3012
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