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Author McCrory, P.; Turner, M.; LeMasson, B.; Bodere, C.; Allemandou, A. doi  openurl
  Title An analysis of injuries resulting from professional horse racing in France during 1991-2001: a comparison with injuries resulting from professional horse racing in Great Britain during 1992-2001 Type (up) Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication British Journal of Sports Medicine Abbreviated Journal Br J Sports Med  
  Volume 40 Issue 7 Pages 614-618  
  Keywords Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data; Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data; Animals; Athletic Injuries/*epidemiology/etiology; Female; France/epidemiology; Great Britain/epidemiology; *Horses; Humans; Incidence; Ireland/epidemiology; Male; Prospective Studies  
  Abstract BACKGROUND: It has been previously shown that professional jockeys suffer high rates of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the pursuit of their occupation. Little is known, however, about differences in injury rates between countries. AIM: To determine the rate of fatal and non-fatal injuries in flat and jump jockeys in France and to compare the injury rates with those in Great Britain and Ireland Method: Prospectively collected injury data on professional jockeys were used as the basis of the analysis. RESULTS: Limb fractures occur four times more often in both flat and jump racing in France than in Great Britain. Similarly dislocations are diagnosed 20 times more often in flat and three times more often in jump racing. This difference is surprising given that French jockeys have fewer falls per ride than their British counterparts in flat racing, although they do have more falls than the British in jump racing. Similarly concussion rates seem to be higher in French jockeys, although there may be a difference in the diagnostic methods used in the different countries. By contrast, soft tissue injuries account for a far smaller percentage of injuries than in Great Britain. CONCLUSION: There are striking differences in injury rates between countries which may be explained in part by a difference in track conditions-for example, harder tracks in France-or different styles of racing--for example, larger fields of horses per race in France.  
  Address Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine and Brain Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. paulmccr@bigpond.net.au  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1473-0480 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16687479 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3762  
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Author Polverini, E.; Cugini, G.; Annoni, F.; Abbruzzetti, S.; Viappiani, C.; Gensch, T. doi  openurl
  Title Molten globule formation in apomyoglobin monitored by the fluorescent probe Nile Red Type (up) Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Biochemistry Abbreviated Journal Biochemistry  
  Volume 45 Issue 16 Pages 5111-5121  
  Keywords Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry/*metabolism; Binding Sites; Computer Simulation; Fluorescent Dyes/analysis; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Molecular; Myoglobin/*chemistry/*metabolism; Oxazines/*analysis/chemistry; Protein Binding; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary  
  Abstract The interaction of nile red (NR) with apomyoglobin (ApoMb) in the native (pH 7) and molten globule (pH 4) states was investigated using experimental and computational methods. NR binds to hydrophobic locations in ApoMb with higher affinity (K(d) = 25 +/- 5 microM) in the native state than in the molten globule state (K(d) = 52 +/- 5 microM). In the molten globule state, NR is located in a more hydrophobic environment. The dye does not bind to the holoprotein, suggesting that the binding site is located at the heme pocket. In addition to monitoring steady-state properties, the fluorescence emission of NR is capable of tracking submillisecond, time-resolved structural rearrangements of the protein, induced by a nanosecond pH jump. Molecular dynamics simulations were run on ApoMb at neutral pH and at pH 4. The structure obtained for the molten globule state is consistent with the experimentally available structural data. The docking of NR with the crystal structure shows that the ligand binds into the binding pocket of the heme group, with an orientation bringing the planar ring system of NR to overlap with the position of two of the heme porphyrin rings in Mb. The docking of NR with the ApoMb structure at pH 4 shows that the dye binds to the heme pocket with a slightly less favorable binding energy, in keeping with the experimental K(d) value. Under these conditions, NR is positioned in a different orientation, reaching a more hydrophobic environment in agreement with the spectroscopic data.  
  Address Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Parma, Viale G. P. Usberti 7/A, 43100 Parma, Italy  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0006-2960 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16618100 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3763  
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Author Balakrishnan, G.; Hu, Y.; Spiro, T.G. doi  openurl
  Title Temperature-jump apparatus with Raman detection based on a solid-state tunable (1.80-2.05 microm) kHz optical parametric oscillator laser Type (up) Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Applied Spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal Appl Spectrosc  
  Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 347-351  
  Keywords Animals; Cytochromes c/analysis; Horses; Lasers; Myoglobin/metabolism; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/*instrumentation/*methods; *Temperature  
  Abstract The operating characteristics of a pulsed (10 ns) tunable near-infrared (NIR) laser source are described for temperature-jump (T-jump) applications. A Q-switched Nd:YLF laser (approximately 10 ns pulses) with a 1 kHz repetition rate is used to pump a potassium titanyl arsenate (KTA) crystal-based optical parametric oscillator (OPO), producing approximately 1 mJ NIR pulses that are tunable (1.80-2.05 microm) across the 1.9 microm vibrational overtone band of water. This T-jump source has been coupled to a deep ultraviolet (UV) probe laser for Raman studies of protein dynamics. T-jumps of up to 30 degrees C, as measured via the O-H stretching Raman band of water, are readily achieved. Application to cytochrome c unfolding is demonstrated.  
  Address Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-7028 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16613628 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3764  
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Author Murray, J.K.; Singer, E.R.; Morgan, K.L.; Proudman, C.J.; French, N.P. openurl 
  Title The risk of a horse-and-rider partnership falling on the cross-country phase of eventing competitions Type (up) Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 158-163  
  Keywords *Accidental Falls; Animals; Athletic Injuries/epidemiology/*veterinary; Case-Control Studies; Horses/*injuries; Humans; Logistic Models; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Safety; Sports; Time Factors  
  Abstract REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Fatalities resulting from horse falls occurring during the cross-country phase of eventing competitions initiated epidemiological investigation of the risk factors associated with horse falls. OBJECTIVES: To identify variables that increased or decreased the risk of a horse fall during the cross-country phase of an eventing competition. METHODS: Data were collected from randomly selected British Eventing competitions held in Great Britain during 2001 and 2002. Data were obtained for 173 cases (jumping efforts resulting in a fall of the horse-and-rider partnership) and 503 matched controls (jumping efforts not resulting in a fall). The risk of falling was modelled using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: An increased risk of a horse fall was associated with jumping into or out of water; taking off from good-to-soft, soft or heavy ground; fences with a drop landing; nonangled fences with a spread > or =2 m; and angled fences. Other risk factors included riders who knew that they were in the lead within the competition before the cross-country phase; an inappropriate speed of approach to the fence (too fast or too slow); horse-and-rider partnerships that had not incurred refusals at earlier fences; and riders who received cross-country tuition. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified modifiable course- and fence-level risk factors for horse falls during the cross-country phase of eventing competitions. The risk of horse and rider injury at eventing competitions should be reduced by 3 simple measures; maintaining good to firm take-off surfaces at fences, reducing the base spread of fences to <2 m and reducing the use of fences at which horses are required to jump into or out of water. Risk reduction arising from course and fence modification needs to be confirmed by intervention studies. Potential relevance: Knowledge of factors that increase or decrease the risk of a horse fall can be used by UK governing bodies of the sport to reduce the risk of horse falls on the cross-country phase of eventing competitions, and reduce the risk of horse and rider injuries and fatalities. As one in 3 horses that fall injure themselves and one in 100 horse falls results in fatality to the horse, we suggest that immediate consideration is given to these recommendations.  
  Address Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16536386 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3765  
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Author Hurn, S.D.; Turner, A.G. doi  openurl
  Title Ophthalmic examination findings of Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia Type (up) Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Veterinary Ophthalmology Abbreviated Journal Vet Ophthalmol  
  Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 95-100  
  Keywords Animals; Cataract/epidemiology/veterinary; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/veterinary; Eye Diseases/diagnosis/epidemiology/*veterinary; Female; Horse Diseases/diagnosis/*epidemiology; Horses; Male; Prevalence; Victoria/epidemiology  
  Abstract OBJECTIVE: To record the prevalence and document the types of eye disease in population of Thoroughbred racehorses in Victoria, Australia. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: Two hundred four Thoroughbred racehorses. PROCEDURE: All horses and both eyes were examined at four metropolitan and two country racing stable complexes. Ophthalmic exam was performed following dark adaptation with a transilluminator, biomicroscope, and direct ophthalmoscope. Intraocular pressures were measured when indicated. Both pupils were dilated with tropicamide when indicated. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-two (89.2%) flat-racing and 22 (10.8%) jump-racing (hurdle or steeple) horses were examined. Age range: 2-9 years (mean 3.7 years, median 3); 97 (47.5%) male-neuter, 74 (36. 3%) female, 33 (16.2%) male. Potential vision-threatening eye disease was present in 15 (7.4%) different horses: complete lenticular cataracts 3, posterior lens luxation and cataract 1, large peripapillary 'butterfly' inactive lesions 3, large peripapillary 'butterfly' active lesions 2, peripapillary focal inactive 'bullet hole' chorioretinal lesions (> 20) 5, optic nerve atrophy 1. Non-vision threatening eye disease was present in 117 (57.4%) different horses, involving one or more ocular structures: lower eyelid scars 3; periocular fibropapillomatous disease 1; third eyelid squamous cell carcinoma 1; corneal scars 6; corneal band opacity 2; anterior iris synechia 1; developmental cataracts 36 (17.2%); peripapillary focal inactive 'bullet hole' chorioretinal lesions (< 20) 103 (50.0%); linear peripapillary hyperpigmentation bands 16 (7.9%). Unusual variations of normal ocular anatomy and colobomata was recorded in 11 (5.4%) different horses: granular iridica hypoplasia 3, granular iridica hyperplasia 2, multilobular granular iridica cyst 1, microcornea 1, hyaloid remnant 1, rotated optic nerve head 1, coloboma of the lens 1, atypical coloboma of the retina 1. CONCLUSIONS: This survey demonstrates that the prevalence of vision-threatening eye disease in racing horses may be greater than previously perceived, and highlights the importance of ocular examination within any routine physical examination of horses.  
  Address All Animal Eye Services, Mount Waverley, Victoria, Australia. sdhurn@bigpond.com  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1463-5216 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16497233 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3766  
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Author Thoren Hellsten, E.; Viklund, A.; Koenen, E.P.C.; Ricard, A.; Bruns, E.; Philipsson, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Review of genetic parameters estimated at stallion and young horse performance tests and their correlations with later results in dressage and show-jumping competition Type (up) Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Livestock Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 103 Issue 1-2 Pages 1-12  
  Keywords Genetic parameters; Sport horse; Performance test; Competition; Dressage; Show-jumping  
  Abstract Results from performance tests and competitions of young horses are used by major European warmblood horse breeding associations for genetic evaluations. The aim of this review was to compare genetic parameters for various tests of young horses to assess their efficiency in selection for dressage and show-jumping. Improved understanding of genetic information across countries is also necessary, as foreign trade with semen is rapidly increasing. The review is based on inquiries to European breed associations and on (17) scientific publications available, which have analysed genetic parameters of young horse data and/or relationships between young and mature horse results in sport. Despite differences in testing methods of young horses, results for major horse populations were in good agreement. Specially designed young horse performance tests, including stallion tests, showed high heritabilities and high genetic correlations with later competition results. We recommend that test results are encouraged to be used across countries for genetic evaluation of imported stallions and semen. Short station tests are generally preferred when selecting stallions for both dressage and jumping traits, whereas competition data may be used when selecting for only one discipline. We also recommend that extensive field testing of young horses is encouraged and should include both genders.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3951  
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Author Lewczuk, D.; Sloniewski, K.; Reklewski, Z. url  openurl
  Title Repeatability of the horse's jumping parameters with and without the rider Type (up) Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Livestock Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 99 Issue 2-3 Pages 125-130  
  Keywords Via; Jumping; Linear parameters; Stallion's test  
  Abstract The total number of 4323 jumps with and without the rider of 141 young stallions were filmed and measured using video image analysis. Horses were filmed on the doublebarre fence (100, 110 and 120 cm) with the same width of 90 cm. The style of jump was characterised by measurements of taking off and landing distances, as well as some measurements of the silhouette of the horse over the obstacle. The repeatability was 0.40-0.58 for distances of the jump's length, 0.37-0.56 for bascule's measurements and about 0.20 for legs' lifting above the fence. Traits measured under the rider and on the highest fences were more repeatable.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3969  
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Author Falewee, C.; Gaultier, E.; Lafont, C.; Bougrat, L.; Pageat, P. url  openurl
  Title Effect of a synthetic equine maternal pheromone during a controlled fear-eliciting situation Type (up) Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 101 Issue 1-2 Pages 144-153  
  Keywords Horses; Behaviour; Fear; Pheromone; Heart rate; Performance  
  Abstract Horses are known to show fear reactions when confronted with novelty and this can be a considerable hindrance in the context of working situations such as riding, dressage or racing. The aim of the present study was to measure the potential effects of a synthetic analogue of the Equine Appeasing Pheromone on saddled horses when subjected to a stressful situation using a double-blinded, placebo controlled study design. A group of 40 horses was analyzed during this study and horses were divided by sex, breed and reactivity into two homogenized groups. The test, which consisted of walking the horse through a fringed curtain, was selected from a range of tests which are used to assess behaviour for the selection of French breeding stock. Horses that could have been subjected to the test on a previous occasion, and therefore be familiar with it, were not included. Behavioural and physiological parameters were both taken into account with measures of time to go through the curtain, fear related typical behavioural patterns, based on available literature detailed in the bibliography, and heart rate being recorded. Parameters were analyzed by means of Mann-Whitney U-test. Significant differences were noticed between the two groups concerning heart rate data during the test (UMeanHR = 100.5, pMeanHR = 0.02; UMaxHR = 75, pMaxHR = 0.001) and during the whole measured period (UMeanHR = 67, pMeanHR = 0.005; UMaxHR = 58, pMaxHR = 0.002). Observation of the animals also revealed less behavioural items characteristic of fear within the treated group. As a result, horses performed the test with a better time performance when they received the pheromone analogue (U = 62, p = 0.002). The main parameter, area under the HR graph, is based on heart rate measure and performance. Differences noticed (U = 74, p = 0.002) for this parameter lead to the conclusion that horses who received EAP underwent less stress related consequences in terms of their cardiac physiology. As horses are subjected to a number of foreseeable stressful events this study suggests that the use of Equine Appeasing Pheromone could be a significant factor in improving the welfare of this species.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3992  
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Author Bouchet, A. openurl 
  Title [Anatomy lessons on animals] Type (up) Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Histoire des Sciences Medicales Abbreviated Journal Hist Sci Med  
  Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 331-338  
  Keywords Anatomy/education/*history; Animals; Dissection/history; Education, Medical/history; Education, Veterinary/*history; France; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Schools, Veterinary/history  
  Abstract The first anatomical studies were realized on the animal by Galen and Vesalius. Bourgelat created the first veterinarian school in Lyons, then in Paris where the famous dissection of a man on his horse can be seen (Fragonard). The Lafosse dynasty was interested in the study of the horse care and the painter Sollier showed the most beautiful coloured engravings about the horses. A chair of anatomy was created to compare the human and animal anatomy by the school of Jardin des Plantes en 1855.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language French Summary Language Original Title Les lecons d'anatomie sur les animaux  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0440-8888 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:17526401 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4000  
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Author Robert, C.; Valette, J.P.; Denoix, J.M. openurl 
  Title Correlation between routine radiographic findings and early racing career in French trotters Type (up) Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J Suppl  
  Volume Issue 36 Pages 473-478  
  Keywords Animals; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology/pathology/*radiography; Carpus, Animal/anatomy & histology/pathology/radiography; Horse Diseases/diagnosis/radiography; Horses/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology; Predictive Value of Tests; Sports; Stifle/anatomy & histology/pathology/radiography; Tarsus, Animal/anatomy & histology/pathology/radiography  
  Abstract REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The relationship between the presence of radiological abnormalities and subsequent racing performance is controversial. However, as training is expensive and time consuming, it would save time and money to identify subjects with osteo-articular lesions not compatible with a normal racing career on the basis of routine radiographic screenings at yearling age. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of osteo-articular lesions on racing ability in French Trotters and identify radiographic changes associated with failure in 'qualification', in order to provide objective criteria for selection of horses based on their osteo-articular status. HYPOTHESIS: The influence of radiographic findings (RF) on racing ability depends on their nature, location, clinical relevance and number. METHODS: The limbs of 202 French Trotters were radiographed just before they started training. All the RF were graded according to a standardised protocol depending on their severity. The success in 'qualification' (first race in career of French Trotters) was the criteria used to assess racing ability. Breeders and trainers were questioned about the causes for horses not racing. RESULTS: Overall 113 (55.9%) horses qualified. Osteoarticular lesions were directly responsible for nonqualification in 31% of the horses. Subjects with more than one abnormal RF, with abnormal RF on the fore-, hind-fetlock or proximal tarsus were less likely to qualify. Dorsal modelling in the front fetlock and osteochondrosis of the lateral trochlear ridge of the femur also significantly reduced the qualification rate. CONCLUSIONS: Most RF are compatible with beginning a racing career, but severe RF or multiple abnormal RF significantly compromise future racing career. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study supports the use of routine radiographic programmes for detection of osteoarticular lesions in yearlings. A synthetic radiographic score, based on both the severity and the number of lesions, could be useful for breeders and trainers as complementary information to select their horses.  
  Address UMR INRA-ENVA de Biomecanique et Pathologie Locomotrice du Cheval, Ecole Veterinaire d'Alfort, 7 Av. du Gal de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:17402469 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4002  
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