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Author |
Knoll, H.; Horschak, R. |
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Title |
[Ecology of fermentation sarcinas Sarcina ventriculi and Sarcina maxima] |
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Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z Allg Mikrobiol |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
449-451 |
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Animals; Digestive System; Ecology; Haplorhini; Horses; Primates; *Sarcina |
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German |
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Zur Okologie der Garungssarcinen Sarcina ventriculi und Sarcina maxima |
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0044-2208 |
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PMID:4203565 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2717 |
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Author |
Nelson, G.S. |
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Title |
Onchocerciasis |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Advances in Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv Parasitol |
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Volume |
8 |
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173-224 |
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Keywords |
Africa; Animals; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use; Artiodactyla; Blindness/etiology; Cattle; Circadian Rhythm; Ddt; Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use; Diptera/anatomy & histology/growth & development; Dwarfism/etiology; Ecology; Eye/pathology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Geography; Haplorhini; Hernia, Femoral/etiology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/growth & development; Larva/growth & development; Male; Onchocerca/classification/growth & development; *Onchocerciasis/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology/pathology/prevention & control/veterinary; Primates; Serologic Tests; Skin/pathology; Skin Tests; Suramin/therapeutic use |
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0065-308X |
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PMID:4997515 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2738 |
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Author |
Cantlon, J.F.; Brannon, E.M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
How Much Does Number Matter to a Monkey (Macaca mulatta)? |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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2007 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
32-41 |
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Keywords |
numerical cognition; Weber's law; nonhuman primates; numerosity |
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Abstract |
Although many animal species can represent numerical values, little is known about how salient number is relative to other object properties for nonhuman animals. In one hypothesis, researchers propose that animals represent number only as a last resort, when no other properties differentiate stimuli. An alternative hypothesis is that animals automatically, spontaneously, and routinely represent the numerical attributes of their environments. The authors compared the influence of number versus that of shape, color, and surface area on rhesus monkeys' (Macaca mulatta) decisions by testing them on a matching task with more than one correct answer: a numerical match and a nonnumerical (color, surface area, or shape) match. The authors also tested whether previous laboratory experience with numerical discrimination influenced a monkey's propensity to represent number. Contrary to the last-resort hypothesis, all monkeys based their decisions on numerical value when the numerical ratio was favorable. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2891 |
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Author |
Gallup, G.G.J. |
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Title |
On the rise and fall of self-conception in primates |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
818 |
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Pages |
72-82 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Phylogeny; Primates/*psychology; *Self Concept |
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Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Albany 12222, USA |
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0077-8923 |
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PMID:9237466 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4134 |
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Author |
Swartz, K.B. |
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Title |
What is mirror self-recognition in nonhuman primates, and what is it not? |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
818 |
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Pages |
64-71 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Awareness; *Behavior, Animal; *Ego; Primates/*psychology |
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Department of Psychology, Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx 10468, USA |
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0077-8923 |
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PMID:9237465 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4135 |
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Author |
Marino, L. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Convergence of complex cognitive abilities in cetaceans and primates |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Brain, Behavior and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Behav Evol |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
21-32 |
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Keywords |
Animal Communication; Animals; Brain/physiology; Cerebral Cortex/physiology; Cetacea/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; *Evolution; Humans; Intelligence; Primates/*physiology |
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Abstract |
What examples of convergence in higher-level complex cognitive characteristics exist in the animal kingdom? In this paper I will provide evidence that convergent intelligence has occurred in two distantly related mammalian taxa. One of these is the order Cetacea (dolphins, whales and porpoises) and the other is our own order Primates, and in particular the suborder anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans). Despite a deep evolutionary divergence, adaptation to physically dissimilar environments, and very different neuroanatomical organization, some primates and cetaceans show striking convergence in social behavior, artificial 'language' comprehension, and self-recognition ability. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the generality and specificity of those processes that underlie cognition in different species and the nature of the evolution of intelligence. |
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Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. 30322, USA. lmarino@emory.edu |
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0006-8977 |
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PMID:12097858 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4158 |
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Author |
Bermudez, J.L. |
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Title |
The moral significance of birth |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Ethics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethics |
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Volume |
106 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
378-403 |
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Keywords |
Abortion, Induced; Animal Rights; Animals; Beginning of Human Life; Embryonic and Fetal Development; *Ethical Analysis; *Ethics; *Fetus; Homicide; Humans; *Individuality; *Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infanticide; *Labor, Obstetric; Life; *Personhood; Philosophy; Primates; Psychology; *Self Concept; *Value of Life; Analytical Approach; Genetics and Reproduction; Philosophical Approach |
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0014-1704 |
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PMID:11656645; KIE: 31 fn.; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: fetuses; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: personhood |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4177 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Boyd, R.; Richerson, P.J. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Why Culture is Common, but Cultural Evolution is Rare |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
1996 |
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Proceedings of the British Academy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Br Acad |
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Volume |
88 |
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73-93 |
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Keywords |
cultural distributed evolution primates |
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Abstract |
If culture is defined as variation acquired and maintained by social learning, then culture is common in nature. However, cumulative cultural evolution resulting in behaviors that no individual could invent on their own is limited to humans, song birds, and perhaps chimpanzees. Circumstantial evidence suggests that cumulative cultural evolution requires the capacity for observational learning. Here, we analyze two models the evolution of psychological capacities that allow cumulative cultural evolution. Both models suggest that the conditions which allow the evolution of such capacities when rare are much more stringent than the conditions which allow the maintenance of the capacities when common. This result follows from the fact that the assumed benefit of the capacities, cumulative cultural adaptation, cannot occur when the capacities are rare. These results suggest why such capacities may be rare in nature. |
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Royal Society/British Academy |
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http://www.proc.britac.ac.uk/cgi-bin/somsid.cgi?page=summaries/pba88#boyd |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4195 |
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Author |
Janson, C.; Byrne, R. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
What wild primates know about resources: opening up the black box |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
357-367 |
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Cognitive map – Primate – Foraging – Ecology – Psychology |
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Abstract We present the theoretical and practical difficulties of inferring the cognitive processes involved in spatial movement decisions of primates and other animals based on studies of their foraging behavior in the wild. Because the possible cognitive processes involved in foraging are not known a priori for a given species, some observed spatial movements could be consistent with a large number of processes ranging from simple undirected search processes to strategic goal-oriented travel. Two basic approaches can help to reveal the cognitive processes: (1) experiments designed to test specific mechanisms; (2) comparison of observed movements with predicted ones based on models of hypothesized foraging modes (ideally, quantitative ones). We describe how these two approaches have been applied to evidence for spatial knowledge of resources in primates, and for various hypothesized goals of spatial decisions in primates, reviewing what is now established. We conclude with a synthesis emphasizing what kinds of spatial movement data on unmanipulated primate populations in the wild are most useful in deciphering goal-oriented processes from random processes. Basic to all of these is an estimate of the animals ability to detect resources during search. Given knowledge of the animals detection ability, there are several observable patterns of resource use incompatible with a pure search process. These patterns include increasing movement speed when approaching versus leaving a resource, increasingly directed movement toward more valuable resources, and directed travel to distant resources from many starting locations. Thus, it should be possible to assess and compare spatial cognition across a variety of primate species and thus trace its ecological and evolutionary correlates. |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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4214 |
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Author |
Müller, A. E.; Thalmann, U. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Origin and evolution of primate social organisation: a reconstruction |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
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2000 |
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Biological Reviews |
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75 |
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405-435 |
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social organisation; evolution; ancestral primate; strepsirhines; nocturnal prosimians; lemurs; lorisiforms; dispersed multi-male system; promiscuity. |
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Abstract
The evolution and origin of primate social organisation has attracted the attention of many researchers, and a solitary pattern, believed to be present in most nocturnal prosimians, has been generally considered as the most primitive system. Nocturnal prosimians are in fact mostly seen alone during their nightly activities and therefore termed “solitary foragers”, but that does not mean that they are not social. Moreover, designating their social organisation as “solitary”, implies that their way of life is uniform in all species. It has, however, emerged over the last decades that all of them exhibit not only some kind of social network but also that those networks differ among species. There is a need to classify these social networks in the same manner as with group-living (gregarious) animals if we wish to link up the different forms of primate social organisation with ecological, morphological or phylogenetic variables. In this review, we establish a basic classification based on spatial relations and sociality in order to describe and cope properly with the social organisation patterns of the different species of nocturnal prosimians and other mammals that do not forage in cohesive groups. In attempting to trace the ancestral pattern of primate social organisation, the Malagasy mouse and dwarf lemurs and the Afro-Asian bushbabies and lorises are of special interest because they are thought to approach the ancestral conditions most closely. These species have generally been believed to exhibit a dispersed harem system as their pattern of social organisation (“dispersed” means that individuals forage solitarily but exhibit a social network). Therefore, the ancestral pattern of primate social organisation was inferred to be a dispersed harem. In fact, new field data on cheirogaleids combined with a review of patterns of social organisation in strepsirhines (lemurs, bushbabies and lorises) revealed that they exhibit either dispersed multi-male systems or dispersed monogamy rather than a dispersed harem system. Therefore, the concept of a dispersed harem system as the ancestral condition of primate social organisation can no longer be supported. In combination with data on social organisation patterns in “primitive” placentals and marsupials, and in monotremes, it is in fact most probable that promiscuity is the ancestral pattern for mammalian social organisation. Subsequently, a dispersed multi-male system derived from promiscuity should be regarded as the ancestral condition for primates. We further suggest that the gregarious patterns of social organisation in Aotus and Avahi, and the dispersed form in Tarsius evolved from the gregarious patterns of diurnal primates rather than from the dispersed nocturnal type. It is consequently proposed that, in addition to Aotus and Tarsius, Avahi is also secondarily nocturnal. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4257 |
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