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Author Davis, H.; Balfour, D. (eds)
Title (down) The Inevitable Bond: Examining Scientist-Animal Interactions Type Book Whole
Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract Book Description

Although animals are widely employed as research subjects, it is only recently that we have acknowledged the bond that frequently, perhaps inevitably, develops between subject and researcher. Whatever the qualities of this relationship, an increasing body of evidence suggests that it may result in profound behavioural and physiological changes in the animal subject. Such effects are apparent in behavioural studies conducted in both laboratory and field settings. They also appear in physiological studies ranging from the biomedical (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure, immunological changes) to animal science (e.g. growth, reproduction). Such effects are not confined to obvious cases involving primates and dogs, but appear in unexpected animals like chickens, reptiles and even octopuses. Despite the fact that most researchers are trained to minimise or avoid such interactions, they continue to occur. This book, the first of its kind to address this issue systematically, describes many examples of this “inevitable bond” between scientist and animal. This discussion will allow researchers to anticipate these potentially confounding effects and take advantage of such relationships in designing more effective and humane environments for animal subjects.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge, Massachusetts Editor Davis, H.; Balfour, D.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0521405102 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3595
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Author Winkler A,
Title (down) The feeding ecology of the Cape Mountain zebra in the Mountain Zebra National Park Type Manuscript
Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract
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Corporate Author Thesis Doctoral thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes
Call Number Serial 1713
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Author Dvoinos, G.M.; Kharchenko, V.A.; Zviagnitsova, N.S.
Title (down) The characteristics of the helminth community in the Turkmen kulan (Equus hemionus) Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Parazitologiia Abbreviated Journal Parazitologiia
Volume 26 Issue 3 Pages 246-251
Keywords Animals; Female; Helminthiasis/parasitology; Helminthiasis, Animal; Helminths/classification/*isolation & purification; Male; Perissodactyla/*parasitology; Turkmenistan; Ukraine
Abstract The helminth fauna of 24 kulans from Askaniya-Nova and Badkhyz was studied. 42 species of helminths were found, 34 of which belong to strongylids. The helminth species composition of kulan is similar to that of other species of horses. This is a result of an intensive parasite exchange in the historical past when numerous populations of different Equidae species made long seasonal migrations over steppe inter-river lands of Asia and grazed for some time on common pastures.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Russian Summary Language Original Title K kharakteristike soobshchestva gel'mintov turkmenskogo kulana (Equus hemionus)
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0031-1847 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:1408368 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2285
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Author Romano, N.; Vitale, F.; Alesi, D.R.; Bonura, F.; La Licata, R.; Intonazzo, V.; Dardanoni, G.; Mammina, C.
Title (down) The changing pattern of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in intravenous drug users. Results of a six-year seroprevalence study in Palermo, Italy Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication American Journal of Epidemiology Abbreviated Journal Am J Epidemiol
Volume 135 Issue 11 Pages 1189-1196
Keywords Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology; Adolescent; Adult; Chi-Square Distribution; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Antibodies/blood; HIV Infections/*epidemiology; HIV Seroprevalence/*trends; *Hiv-1; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood; Heroin; Humans; Incidence; Italy/epidemiology; Logistic Models; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*epidemiology; Time Factors
Abstract A cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study was carried out between 1985 and 1990 in 1,567 heterosexual intravenous drug users who had been seen at the AIDS Regional Reference Center in Palermo, Italy, to evaluate the rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroprevalence in this group and its long-term trend. Sixty serum samples collected from drug users in 1980 and 1983, before the founding of the Center (1985), were tested as well. Some demographic and behavioral risk factors were studied in a subgroup of intravenous drug users enrolled in 1985, 1987, and 1990 for their possible association with HIV-1. These factors were also studied in relation to hepatitis B virus infection, since both viruses share the same modes of spread. These drug users had a higher prevalence of markers for hepatitis B virus than of HIV-1 antibodies, and the prevalence rates in sera collected declined over time for both infections. The presence of both antibodies to HIV-1 and markers for hepatitis B virus was independently associated with the age of the drug user, the duration of drug use, and the year of serum collection. Antibodies to HIV-1 were observed more frequently in females than in males. No relation was found between education or employment status and the presence of HIV-1 antibodies or hepatitis B virus markers. Although new HIV-1 infections still occur, the decline in seroprevalence observed at the end of the 1980s might be related to modifications in social behavior among newer drug users, partial exhaustion of the susceptible population, and increasing risk awareness in more experienced users.
Address Giuseppe D'Alessandro Department of Hygiene and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0002-9262 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:1626537 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5258
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.
Title (down) Tendency to inspect predators predicts mortality risk in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 124-127
Keywords
Abstract Although predator inspection behavior in fishes has become a model system for examining game theoretical strategies such as Tit for Tat, the direct costs of inspection behavior have not been quantified. To begin quantifying such costs, I conducted an experiment that examined mortality due to predation as a function of predator inspection in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Before being subjected to a “survivorship” experiment, guppies were assayed for their tendency to inspect a predator. Groups were then composed of six guppies that differed in their tendency to inspect. These groups were placed into a pool containing a predator, and survivorship of guppies with different inspection tendencies was noted 36 and 60 h later. Results indicate that individuals that display high degrees of inspection behavior suffer greater mortality than their noninspecting shoalmates.
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Notes 10.1093/beheco/3.2.124 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 526
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Author Steinhoff, H.J.; Schrader, J.; Schlitter, J.
Title (down) Temperature-jump studies and polarized absorption spectroscopy of methemoglobin-thiocyanate single crystals Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Abbreviated Journal Biochim Biophys Acta
Volume 1121 Issue 3 Pages 269-278
Keywords Animals; Crystallization; Horses; Kinetics; Methemoglobin/*chemistry; Solutions; Spectrum Analysis; Temperature; Thiocyanates/*chemistry
Abstract Association equilibria and association kinetics of the thiocyanate binding reaction to methemoglobin in single crystals and solution are studied using temperature-jump technique and polarized absorption spectroscopy. Different kinetic constants are found for the reaction in solution and crystal phase for the alpha- and beta-subunits of the methemoglobin tetramer. The reduction of the reactivity of the alpha- and beta-subunits in crystalline phase is 6-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared to the values found in solution. The intramolecular binding reaction of the N epsilon of the distal histidine E7 which is observed in methemoglobin in solution cannot be detected in single crystals. Our results suggest that crystallization of hemoglobin has little influence on small-scale structural fluctuations which are necessary for ligands to get to the binding sites and large-scale structural motions are suppressed.
Address Institut fur Biophysik, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0006-3002 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:1627604 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3800
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Author Kabuga, J.D.
Title (down) Social relationships in N'dama cattle during supplementary feeding Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 285-290
Keywords
Abstract Social relationships of 30 N'dama cows during supplementary feeding, post-grazing, were studied over a period of 1.5 years. Dominance ranks determined during idling and feeding periods were strongly correlated (Spearman's rank correlation (rs = 0.964, P < 0.01). The number of animals dominated by a cow during feeding was strongly (P < 0.01) related to liveweight (r = 0.822) and age (r = 0.755). Low status cows ate less frequently than medium and high status animals, while middle ranking cows were ejected more frequently from the feed trough than other dominance groups. Animals had preferences in the use of feed troughs, with social rank being the dominant factor determining the location of feed trough space used. Cows of similar status were generally preferred feeding and movement neighbours and antagonists. However, the dominance rank of an animal and its preferred neighbour during idling were not significantly correlated (rs = 0.220, P > 0.05). Voluntary leadership ranks into and out of the pen were, respectively, related closely (P < 0.01) to feeding dominance ranks (rs = 0.661, 0.640) and idling dominance ranks (rs = 0.621, 0.669).
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 Serial 2033
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Author Anderson, J.R.; Fornasieri, I.; Ludes, E.; Roeder, J.-J.
Title (down) Social processes and innovative behaviour in changing groups of lemur fulvus Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.
Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 101-112
Keywords Social learning; Lemur fulvus; Dominance; Individual differences
Abstract A group of brown lemurs was presented with one or two baited food-boxes requiring a specific type of motor response in order to be opened. Subsequently, four groups containing different combinations of experienced individuals from the original group and naive individuals were tested. Solutions to the problem and access to the food were recorded and considered in relation to social factors. In the original group, two adult males learned to open the boxes, with one male increasingly preventing the other from approaching. In the second group, with the subordinate male and certain females removed, the dominant male tolerated successful performances by a juvenile female. Group 3 consisted of three passive female participants from the original group and a naive female; one of the three original females now became the sole box-opener. The introduction of the subordinate male from the original group into the all-female group led to a sharing of box-opening by this subject and the skilled female. In the final group, intense aggression toward the skilled female by a new, naive adult male resulted in two previously passive females succeeding on some occasions. In lemurs, at least some `scroungers' appear able to learn to perform a new act when the social context permits.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 576
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Author Keiper, R.; Receveur, H.
Title (down) Social interactions of free-ranging Przewalski horses in semi-reserves in the Netherlands Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 303-318
Keywords
Abstract Social interactions were recorded in two bands of free-ranging Przewalski horses living on large (greater than 30 ha) pastures in the Netherlands. The average number of aggressive interactions per hour was 8.86 at Lelystad and 10.36 at Noorderheide. The most common aggressive interactions were lower intensity, lower cost displacements (17.2% of all aggressive acts at Lelystad, 13.2% at Noorderheide), threats to bite (42.3% and 40.7%, respectively) and threats to kick (15.4% and 23.9%, respectively). Analysis of aggression revealed that a clear, linear dominance hierarchy was present in each band. For each band there was a positive and highly significant correlation between the age of a horse and its rank in the hierarchy. In each band, the stallion was not the highest ranked horse. Non-agonistic behaviors exceeded the number of agonistic interactions (1253 vs. 558 for Lelystad; 1257 vs. 995 at Noorderheide). There was a negative correlation between the rank of a horse in the dominance hierarchy and the number of non-agonistic behaviors displayed. The group displaying the highest number of non-agonistic interactions were foals (48.9% of total non-agonistic behaviors at Lelystad; 51.1% at Noorderheide). The non-agonistic/agonistic ratio was greater than 1 for yearlings and the band stallion, as was also the case for foals, but was less than 1 for males.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 778
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Author Caraco, T.; Kacelnik, A.; Mesnick, N.; Smulewitz, M.
Title (down) Short-term rate maximization when rewards and delays covary Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 44 Issue Part 3 Pages 441-447
Keywords
Abstract In nature foragers must exploit resources that vary randomly in both the energy acquired per item (reward) and the time required to pursue, capture and process an item (delay). Furthermore, rewards and delays associated with particular resources may often covary significantly. An analytical model asks how variance-covariance levels for rewards and delays could influence choice of resources when lack of information or cognitive limitation implies that a consumer attempts to maximize its short-term rate of energy gain. Both greater expected reward and reduced expected delay clearly should enhance preference for a resource. The model predicts that increased delay variance and reduced reward-delay covariance should increase a forager's preference for a resource. A forager should be risk-averse towards reward variance when the reward-delay covariance is positive, but should become risk-prone towards reward variance when the reward-delay covariance is negative.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2113
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