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Author Moehlman, P.D.; Fowler, L.E.; Roe, J.H. url  doi
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  Title (down) Feral asses (Equus africanus) of Volcano Alcedo, Galapagos: behavioral ecology, spatial distribution, and social organization Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 60 Issue 2-3 Pages 197-210  
  Keywords Equids; Feral asses; Social organization; Mating systems; Intraspecific variation; Galapagos  
  Abstract Feral asses were studied on Volcano Alcedo, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, during the wet season of 1980. On the volcano rim during March/April, two stable groups were observed to have a `female (harem) defense' polygynous mating system [Emlen, S.T., Oring, S.W., 1977. Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 197 (4300), pp. 215-223] and social behavior patterns and feeding ecology similar to feral asses living in a habitat where forage and climate are similar, e.g., Ossabaw Island, Georgia [Moehlman, P.D., 1979. Behavior and ecology of feral asses (Equus asinus). Nat. Geogr. Soc. Res. Rep., 1970, pp. 405-411; Moehlman, P.D., 1997. Feral asses (Equus africanus): intraspecific variation in social organization in arid and mesic habitats. J. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., this issue; McCort, W.D., 1980. The feral asses (Equus asinus) of Ossabaw Island, Georgia., PhD Dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 219 pp.].  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2383  
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Author Redbo, I.; Redbo-Torstensson, P.; Ödberg, F.O.; Hedendahl, A.; Holm, J. doi  openurl
  Title (down) Factors affecting behavioural disturbances in race-horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Animal Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 475-481  
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  Notes Cited By (since 1996): 30; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4541  
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Author Duncan, I.J.H.; Widowski, T.M.; Malleau, A.E.; Lindberg, A.C.; Petherick, J.C. url  doi
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  Title (down) External factors and causation of dustbathing in domestic hens Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 219-228  
  Keywords Dustbathing; Illumination; Laying hens; Radiant heat; Social facilitation; Temperature  
  Abstract Dustbathing is known to be motivated by complex interactions between internal factors which build up over time and external factors, such as the sight of a dusty substrate. In this study, the effects of other external factors were investigated. Environmental temperature was shown to be important; frequencies of dustbathing were greater when hens were held at 22 than at 10[degree sign]C (P<0.01). In a second experiment, a radiant heat source or a radiant heat+light source, balanced to give the same radiant heat, resulted in more dustbathing behaviour during a 1-h stimulus period than during the same period with no stimulus (P<0.05). Components of dustbathing were increased more by the heat+light stimulus than by the heat stimulus alone (P<0.03). In a third experiment, the amount of dustbathing performed by individual hens in cages with dustbaths was increased by the presence of a group of hens dustbathing in an adjoining pen with a dustbath compared with the amount occurring when the hens were absent from the pen.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3607  
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Author Marshall, T.T.; Hoover, T.S.; Reiling, B.A.; Downs, K.M. url  openurl
  Title (down) Experiential learning in the animal sciences: effect of 13 years of a beef cattle management practicum Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume 76 Issue 11 Pages 2947-2952  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2938  
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Author Barton, N. doi  openurl
  Title (down) Evolutionary biology: The geometry of adaptation Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 395 Issue 6704 Pages 751-752  
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  Notes 10.1038/27338 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5469  
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Author Stoehr S. doi  openurl
  Title (down) Evolution of mate-choice copying: a dynamic model Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 893-903  
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  Abstract Mate-choice copying has recently been demonstrated in several species. Two, not mutually exclusive, explanations for copying have been proposed: it reduces sampling costs and/or error of mate choice. In guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and black grouse, Tetrao tetrix, young females seem most likely to copy. Therefore, copying may teach inexperienced females what attractive males look like. I developed a 2-year dynamic model, to investigate under which conditions a mate-copying strategy might first evolve. An original population of pure choosers was assumed, which was invaded by a mutant female, able to copy during her first mating season, thereby instantly improving her ability to assess male quality. Alternatively, she could either wait and learn by observing males, just as non-copiers may do, but incurring some time costs, or choose, relying on her own abilities. The degree to which copying occurred among these mutant, young, inexperienced females increased with an increasing proportion of old, experienced females in the population, and with decreasing time left until the end of the season. The model demonstrates that mate-choice copying may evolve, when young females are poor at discrimination and need to learn what high-quality males look like. Male quality proved to be unimportant for copying to evolve, as long as there are sufficient differences in quality for mate choice to be meaningful. As with previous models, time constraints are an important assumption for copying to be advantageous over non-copying. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.  
  Address Department of Zoology, Uppsala University, Sweden  
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  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:9632476 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1822  
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Author Scheibe, K.M.; Schleusner, T.; Berger, A.; Eichhorn, K.; Langbein, J.; Dal Zotto, L.; Streich, W.J. url  doi
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  Title (down) ETHOSYS (R)--new system for recording and analysis of behaviour of free-ranging domestic animals and wildlife Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 55 Issue 3-4 Pages 195-211  
  Keywords Telemetry; Diurnal patterns; Activity; Rhythms; Feeding and nutrition  
  Abstract A storage telemetry system has been developed to monitor domestic animals and wildlife, and has been tested under variable conditions on sheep, Przewalski horse and mouflon. It can be used for automatic recording of different patterns of behaviour, such as activity and feeding, and is based on advanced analysis of sensor-emitted signals. The system is made up of collars (ETHOREC) with sensors and electronic devices for behaviour recording, a central station (ETHOLINK) and software for data transmission and processing (ETHODAT). All components of the ETHOREC recording device are integrated in the collar. Long-time recording of behaviour through up to four different channels and in numerous animals at one and the same time are necessary elements to facilitate biorhythmic analysis of animals under free-ranging conditions. The results obtained from this telemetry system were compared with visual observations on six sheep and four Przewalski horses. Parallel recordings were taken from four sheep, using a recorder for jaw movements. Locomotor activity usually was rated somewhat higher by observers, whereas feed uptake was rated lower. Higher feed uptake values were measured by means of the jaw movement recorder, although deviations thus measured varied less than those noticed by visual observations. All measured series exhibited significant correlations with control values. The system, consequently, was found to be more suitable for determination of diurnal patterns, change over time and relative comparison between behaviour levels than it actually was for measurement of absolute duration of a given behaviour.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2237  
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Author Schooening, B. openurl 
  Title (down) Ethology of the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Praktische Tierarzt Abbreviated Journal Prakt. Tierarzt  
  Volume 79 Issue 6 Suppl. Pages 25-28  
  Keywords Dominance; Ethology; Horse; Propedeutics  
  Abstract The paper starts with a short introduction/definition about ethology and the used methods in this scientific field, giving special examples for horses and about how their “normal behaviour” is measured. The behaviour repertoire of horses is described in a brief outline with special emphasis on their social systems and hierarchies and the problem of dominance, especially in interaction with humans. Schlütersche GmbH & Co. KG, Verlag und Druckerei.  
  Address Saselbergweg 32, 22395 Hamburg, Germany  
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  Notes Cited By (since 1996): 1; Export Date: 21 April 2007; Source: Scopus; Language of Original Document: German; Correspondence Address: Schoßning, B.Saselbergweg 32 22395 Hamburg, Germany; email: Dr.B.Schoening@t-online.de Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 789  
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Author Mizuguchi, M.; Arai, M.; Ke, Y.; Nitta, K.; Kuwajima, K. url  openurl
  Title (down) Equilibrium and kinetics of the folding of equine lysozyme studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Journal of Molecular Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 283 Issue 1 Pages 265-277  
  Keywords equine lysozyme; protein folding; molten globule; stopped-flow; folding intermediate  
  Abstract The equilibrium unfolding and the kinetics of unfolding and refolding of equine lysozyme, a Ca2+-binding protein, were studied by means of circular dichroism spectra in the far and near-ultraviolet regions. The transition curves of the guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding measured at 230 nm and 292.5 nm, and for the apo and holo forms of the protein have shown that the unfolding is well represented by a three-state mechanism in which the molten globule state is populated as a stable intermediate. The molten globule state of this protein is more stable and more native-like than that of α-lactalbumin, a homologous protein of equine lysozyme. The kinetic unfolding and refolding of the protein were induced by concentration jumps of the denaturant and measured by stopped-flow circular dichroism. The observed unfolding and refolding curves both agreed well with a single-exponential function. However, in the kinetic refolding reactions below 3 M guanidine hydrochloride, a burst-phase change in the circular dichroism was present, and the burst-phase intermediate in the kinetic refolding is shown to be identical with the molten globule state observed in the equilibrium unfolding. Under a strongly native condition, virtually all the molecules of equine lysozyme transform the structure from the unfolded state into the molten globule, and the subsequent refolding takes place from the molten globule state. The transition state of folding, which may exist between the molten globule and the native states, was characterized by investigating the guanidine hydrochloride concentration-dependence of the rate constants of refolding and unfolding. More than 80% of the hydrophobic surface of the protein is buried in the transition state, so that it is much closer to the native state than to the molten globule in which only 36% of the surface is buried in the interior of the molecule. It is concluded that all the present results are best explained by a sequential model of protein folding, in which the molten globule state is an obligatory folding intermediate on the pathway of folding.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3990  
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Author Clayton, N.S.; Dickinson, A. doi  openurl
  Title (down) Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 395 Issue 6699 Pages 272-274  
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  Abstract The recollection of past experiences allows us to recall what a particular event was, and where and when it occurred1,2, a form of memory that is thought to be unique to humans3. It is known, however, that food-storing birds remember the spatial location4, 5, 6 and contents6, 7, 8, 9 of their caches. Furthermore, food-storing animals adapt their caching and recovery strategies to the perishability of food stores10, 11, 12, 13, which suggests that they are sensitive to temporal factors. Here we show that scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) remember 'when' food items are stored by allowing them to recover perishable 'wax worms' (wax-moth larvae) and non-perishable peanuts which they had previously cached in visuospatially distinct sites. Jays searched preferentially for fresh wax worms, their favoured food, when allowed to recover them shortly after caching. However, they rapidly learned to avoid searching for worms after a longer interval during which the worms had decayed. The recovery preference of jays demonstrates memory of where and when particular food items were cached, thereby fulfilling the behavioural criteria for episodic-like memory in non-human animals.  
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  Notes 10.1038/26216 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4788  
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