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Author |
Hinson, R.E. |
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Title  |
Effects of UCS preexposure on excitatory and inhibitory rabbit eyelid conditioning: an associative effect of conditioned contextual stimuli |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
49-61 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Association Learning; Cognition; *Conditioning, Eyelid; *Inhibition (Psychology); Practice (Psychology); Rabbits; Reaction Time |
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Abstract |
Preconditioning experience with the unconditional stimulus (UCS) retards subsequent excitatory conditioning. Three experiments demonstrated that this UCS retardation effect is attenuated by associative manipulations of contextual stimuli of the UCS preexposure environment. The UCS retardation effect was reduced by (a) altering contextual stimuli between preexposure and conditioning (Experiment 1), (b) latently inhibiting contextual stimuli prior to UCS preexposure (Experiment 2), and (c) extinguishing contextual stimuli subsequent to UCS preexposure (Experiment 3). Although UCS preexposure retarded excitatory conditioning, the results of Experiment 4 demonstrated that UCS preexposure facilitated inhibitory conditioning. These results indicate that an association between contextual stimuli and the preexposed UCS contributes to the effects of preconditioning UCS experience on subsequent learning. |
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0097-7403 |
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PMID:7057144 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2787 |
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Author |
Alexander, F. |
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Title |
Effect of phenylbutazone on electrolyte metabolism in ponies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
110 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
271-272 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Chlorides/metabolism; Electrolytes/*metabolism; Horses/*metabolism; Male; Phenylbutazone/*pharmacology; Sodium/metabolism |
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Abstract |
Phenylbutazone administered in therapeutic doses to ponies decreased urinary sodium and chloride excretion. The volume and osmolality of the urine was unaffected as was potassium excretion. Faecal excretion of chloride decreased and that of potassium increased, while faecal sodium excretion was unaffected. Plasma pH, bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide decreased after phenylbutazone administration. Packed cell volume, plasma sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide tension and chloride were unchanged. |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:7080416 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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109 |
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Author |
Alexander, D.J. |
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Title |
Ecological aspects of influenza A viruses in animals and their relationship to human influenza: a review |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
J R Soc Med |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
799-811 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/genetics/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/microbiology/*transmission/veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses/transmission |
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0141-0768 |
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PMID:6752410 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2689 |
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Author |
Gless, K |
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Title |
Das Pferd im Militärwesen |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Militärverlag der DDR |
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Der Autor beschreibt die Verwendung und den Werdegang des Pferdes im Militärwesen während der letzten 4000 Jahre – beginnend bei den Hethitern im 17. Jahrhundert vor Christus bis nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg... Aus dem Inhalt: Einleitung, Streitwagen und Pferdebogner, Von Xenophon bis Mohammed, Ritterschaft und Mongolenheere, Von den Hussiten bis zu den Budjonnyreitern, Literatur, Sachwortregister |
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Militärverlag der DDR |
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Berlin |
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Deutsch |
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refbase @ user @ |
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409 |
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Author |
Klimov, V.; Orlov, V.M. |
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Title |
Current status and problems of conservation of Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii). |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
J. Zool., London |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Zool., London |
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61 |
Issue |
12 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2329 |
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Author |
Beck, B.B. |
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Title |
Chimpocentrism: Bias in cognitive ethology |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Human Evolution |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-17 |
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Keywords |
herring gull; chimpanzee; cognition; tool-use; shell-dropping; mollusk; predation |
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Abstract |
Herring gulls drop hard-shelled mollusks and hermit crab-inhabited molluskan prey in order to break the shells and gain access to the edible interior. A field study of predatory shell dropping on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. showed that the gulls usually drop the same shell repeatedly, orient directly to dropping sites that are invisible from the point at which the mollusks are captured, drop preferentially on hard surfaces, adjust dropping heights to suit the area and elasticity of the substrate, orient directly into the wind while dropping, sever the large defensive cheliped of hermit crabs before consumption, and rinse prey that is difficult to swallow. Proficiency in prey dropping is acquired through dropping objects in play, trial-and-error learning, and perhaps, observation learning.
Observable attributes of predatory shell-dropping support inferences that the gulls are capable of extended concentration, purposefulness, mental representation of spatially and temporally displaced environmental features, cognitive mapping, cognitive modeling, selectivity, and strategy formation. Identical cognitive processes have been inferred to underlie the most sophisticated forms of chimpanzee tool-use.
Advanced cognitive capacities are not restricted to chimpanzees and other pongids, and are not associated uniquely with tool use. The chimpocentric bias should be abandoned, and reconstructions of the evolution of intelligence should be modified accordingly. |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4414 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Title |
Chimpanzee politics:power and sex among apes. |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1982 |
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Johns Hopkins University Press |
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Baltimore |
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978-0801886560 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4857 |
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Author |
Steiner, M. |
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Title |
Biomechanics of tendon healing |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Biomechanics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biomech |
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15 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
951-958 |
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Keywords |
Achilles Tendon/injuries; Animals; Biomechanics; Rats; Tendon Injuries/pathology/*physiopathology; Tensile Strength; Time Factors; *Wound Healing |
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Abstract |
The biomechanics of tendon healing was investigated with unsutured rat achilles tendons. After two, three, and four weeks of healing tensile parameters were assayed with a bone-muscle-tendon-bone preparation elongated to failure at a controlled physiological strain rate. In the third week of healing, stiffness, strength, and energy absorbing capacity all increased approximately 50%. These changes correlated with early fibroplasia. In the fourth week of healing, strength, energy absorbing capacity and elongation to failure all increased relatively more than stiffness. Histologically, larger fibers with better longitudinal alignment developed during this period. At the end of four weeks the tendon's strength was approximately 25% of normal. To summarize, the return of stiffness in a healing tendon preparation correlated with the presence of fibroplasia and the return of other tensile parameters was a function of the amount and organization of the fibroplasia. |
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0021-9290 |
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PMID:7166555 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4448 |
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Author |
Schäfer M, |
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Title |
Beobachtungen zum Paarungsverhalten des Hausesels |
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Year |
1982 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Säugetierk Mitt |
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30 |
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13-25 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1561 |
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Author |
Rescorla, R.A.; Holland, P.C. |
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Title |
Behavioral Studies of Associative Learning in Animals |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Annual Review of Psychology |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
265-308 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
3540 |
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