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Author Eisenmann V, U.H.-P. openurl 
  Title (up) Identification and discrimination of Equus metapodials Type Book Chapter
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal In: Equids in the ancient world  
  Volume Issue Pages 118-163  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1065  
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Author Smith Ma, openurl 
  Title (up) Impacts if feral horses grazing on Rangelands: An overview Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Equine Vet  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages 236-237  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1609  
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Author Crans, W.J.; McNelly, J.; Schulze, T.L.; Main, A. openurl 
  Title (up) Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Mosq Control Assoc  
  Volume 2 Issue 1 Pages 68-72  
  Keywords Aedes/*microbiology; Alphavirus/*isolation & purification; Animals; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/*isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/transmission/veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/transmission; Horses; Insect Vectors/microbiology; New Jersey  
  Abstract Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito, Aedes sollicitans, collected from coastal areas of New Jersey on 3 occasions during the late summer and fall of 1982. The isolations were made at a time when local Culiseta melanura were either undergoing a population increase or exhibiting high levels of EEE virus. Although no human cases were reported during the epizootic period, the data lend support to the hypothesis that Ae. sollicitans is capable of functioning as an epidemic vector in the coastal areas of New Jersey where human cases of EEE have been most common.  
  Address Mosquito Research and Control, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903  
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  ISSN 8756-971X ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:2853203 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2684  
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Author Smielowski J, openurl 
  Title (up) Khur – Dziki osiol indyjski Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal Spektrum kwartalnik naukowsy ZSP  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 145-148  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1607  
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Author Heffner, R.S.; Heffner, H.E. url  openurl
  Title (up) Localization of tones by horses: use of binaural cues and the role of the superior olivary complex Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Behavioral Neuroscience Abbreviated Journal Behav Neurosci  
  Volume 100 Issue 1 Pages 93-103  
  Keywords Animals; Auditory Pathways/physiology; Auditory Perception/*physiology; Avoidance Learning/physiology; Brain Mapping; Electroshock; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Olivary Nucleus/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Orientation/physiology; Pitch Perception/physiology; Sound Localization/*physiology  
  Abstract The ability of horses to use binaural time and intensity difference cues to localize sound was assessed in free-field localization tests by using pure tones. The animals were required to discriminate the locus of a single tone pip ranging in frequency from 250 Hz to 25 kHz emitted by loudspeakers located 30 degrees to the left and right of the animals' midline (60 degrees total separation). Three animals were tested with a two-choice procedure; 2 additional animals were tested with a conditioned avoidance procedure. All 5 animals were able to localize 250 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz but were completely unable to localize 2 kHz and above. Because the frequency of ambiguity for the binaural phase cue delta phi for horses in this test was calculated to be 1.5 kHz, these results indicate that horses can use binaural time differences in the form of delta phi but are unable to use binaural intensity differences. This finding was supported by an unconditioned orientation test involving 4 additional horses, which showed that horses correctly orient to a 500-Hz tone pip but not to an 8-kHz tone pip. Analysis of the superior olivary complex, the brain stem nucleus at which binaural interactions first take place, reveals that the lateral superior olive (LSO) is relatively small in the horse and lacks the laminar arrangement of bipolar cells characteristic of the LSO of most mammals that can use binaural delta I.  
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  ISSN 0735-7044 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:3954885 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5634  
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Author Liang, K.-Y.; Zeger, S.L. url  doi
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  Title (up) Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Biometrika Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 73 Issue 1 Pages 13-22  
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  Abstract This paper proposes an extension of generalized linear models to the analysis of longitudinal data. We introduce a class of estimating equations that give consistent estimates of the regression parameters and of their variance under mild assumptions about the time dependence. The estimating equations are derived without specifying the joint distribution of a subject's observations yet they reduce to the score equations for niultivariate Gaussian outcomes. Asymptotic theory is presented for the general class of estimators. Specific cases in which we assume independence, m-dependence and exchangeable correlation structures from each subject are discussed. Efficiency of the pioposecl estimators in two simple situations is considered. The approach is closely related to quasi-likelihood.  
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  Notes 10.1093/biomet/73.1.1 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ knut @ Serial 4097  
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Author Boyles Js, openurl 
  Title (up) Managing America's wild horses and burros Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Equine Vet. Sc.  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages 261  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 972  
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A. openurl 
  Title (up) Maternal behavior Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice Abbreviated Journal Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract  
  Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 557-571  
  Keywords Aggression; Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; *Horses; Lactation; *Maternal Behavior; Pregnancy; *Pregnancy, Animal; Rejection (Psychology)  
  Abstract Parturition in mares is rapid and is followed by a brief period of sensitivity to imprinting on a foal. There is large individual variation in normal maternal style, but normal mothers actively defend their foal, remain near the foal when it is sleeping, tolerate or assist nursing, and do not injure their own foal. Disturbance of a mare and foal during the early imprinting period can predispose a mare to rejection of her foal; therefore, it should be avoided. There are a variety of forms of foal rejection and numerous etiologies. Therefore, each case should be evaluated individually.  
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  ISSN 0749-0739 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:3492245 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 49  
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Author Craig, J.V. openurl 
  Title (up) Measuring social behavior: social dominance Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Journal of animal science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 1120-1129  
  Keywords Aggression; Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Chickens; Competitive Behavior; Female; Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Swine  
  Abstract Social dominance develops more slowly when young animals are kept in intact peer groups where they need not compete for resources. Learned generalizations may cause smaller and weaker animals to accept subordinate status readily when confronted with strangers that would be formidable opponents. Sexual hormones and sensitivity to them can influence the onset of aggression and status attained. After dominance orders are established, they tend to be stable in female groups but are less so in male groups. Psychological influences can affect dominance relationships when strangers meet and social alliances within groups may affect relative status of individuals. Whether status associated with agonistic behavior is correlated with control of space and scarce resources needs to be determined for each species and each kind of resource. When such correlations exists, competitive tests and agonistic behavior associated with gaining access to scarce resources can be useful to the observer in learning about dominance relationships rapidly. Examples are given to illustrate how estimates of social dominance can be readily attained and some strengths and weaknesses of the various methods.  
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  ISSN 0021-8812 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:3519554 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 676  
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Author George Jr M, R.O. openurl 
  Title (up) Mitochondrial DNA evolution in the genus Equus Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal Molecular Biol Evol  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 535-546  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1105  
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