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Author Schmoldt, A.; Benthe, H.F.; Haberland, G. openurl 
  Title (up) Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Biochemical pharmacology Abbreviated Journal Biochem Pharmacol  
  Volume 24 Issue 17 Pages 1639-1641  
  Keywords Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Digitoxigenin/metabolism; Digitoxin/*metabolism; Hydroxylation; Male; Microsomes, Liver/*metabolism; NADP/metabolism; Rats; Time Factors  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0006-2952 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:10 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ knut @ Serial 20  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Fetterman, J.G. openurl 
  Title (up) Dimensions of stimulus complexity Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 3-18  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Learning; Memory; Time Factors  
  Abstract Animal learning research has increasingly used complex stimuli that approximate natural objects, events, and locations, a trend that has accompanied a resurgence of interest in the role of cognitive factors in learning. Accounts of complex stimulus control have focused mainly on cognitive mechanisms and largely ignored the contribution of stimulus information to perception and memory for complex events. It is argued here that research on animal learning stands to benefit from a more detailed consideration of the stimulus and that James Gibson's stimulus-centered theory of perception serves as a useful framework for analyses of complex stimuli. Several issues in the field of animal learning and cognition are considered from the Gibsonian perspective on stimuli, including the fundamental problem of defining the effective stimulus.  
  Address Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis 46202, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8568494 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2782  
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Author Cheung, C.; Akiyama, T.E.; Ward, J.M.; Nicol, C.J.; Feigenbaum, L.; Vinson, C.; Gonzalez, F.J. doi  openurl
  Title (up) Diminished hepatocellular proliferation in mice humanized for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Cancer research Abbreviated Journal Cancer Res  
  Volume 64 Issue 11 Pages 3849-3854  
  Keywords Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology; Carcinogens/pharmacology; Cell Division; DNA Replication/drug effects; Fatty Acids/metabolism; Hepatocytes/cytology/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxisome Proliferators/pharmacology; Pyrimidines/pharmacology; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/*physiology; Species Specificity; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology  
  Abstract Lipid-lowering fibrate drugs function as agonists for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Sustained activation of PPARalpha leads to the development of liver tumors in rats and mice. However, humans appear to be resistant to the induction of peroxisome proliferation and the development of liver cancer by fibrate drugs. The molecular basis of this species difference is not known. To examine the mechanism determining species differences in peroxisome proliferator response between mice and humans, a PPARalpha-humanized mouse line was generated in which the human PPARalpha was expressed in liver under control of the tetracycline responsive regulatory system. The PPARalpha-humanized and wild-type mice responded to treatment with the potent PPARalpha ligand Wy-14643 as revealed by induction of genes encoding peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolizing enzymes and resultant decrease of serum triglycerides. However, surprisingly, only the wild-type mice and not the PPARalpha-humanized mice exhibited hepatocellular proliferation as revealed by elevation of cell cycle control genes, increased incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into hepatocyte nuclei, and hepatomegaly. These studies establish that following ligand activation, the PPARalpha-mediated pathways controlling lipid metabolism are independent from those controlling the cell proliferation pathways. These findings also suggest that structural differences between human and mouse PPARalpha are responsible for the differential susceptibility to the development of hepatocarcinomas observed after treatment with fibrates. The PPARalpha-humanized mice should serve as models for use in drug development and human risk assessment and to determine the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis of peroxisome proliferators.  
  Address Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0008-5472 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15172993 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 74  
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Author Ballew, R.M.; Sabelko, J.; Gruebele, M. openurl 
  Title (up) Direct observation of fast protein folding: the initial collapse of apomyoglobin Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.  
  Volume 93 Issue 12 Pages 5759-5764  
  Keywords Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry; Circular Dichroism; Horses; Kinetics; Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry; *Protein Folding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Temperature  
  Abstract The rapid refolding dynamics of apomyoglobin are followed by a new temperature-jump fluorescence technique on a 15-ns to 0.5-ms time scale in vitro. The apparatus measures the protein-folding history in a single sweep in standard aqueous buffers. The earliest steps during folding to a compact state are observed and are complete in under 20 micros. Experiments on mutants and consideration of steady-state CD and fluorescence spectra indicate that the observed microsecond phase monitors assembly of an A x (H x G) helix subunit. Measurements at different viscosities indicate diffusive behavior even at low viscosities, in agreement with motions of a solvent-exposed protein during the initial collapse.  
  Address School of Chemical Sciences and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0027-8424 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8650166 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3798  
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Author Hunt, G.R.; Gray, R.D. doi  openurl
  Title (up) Direct observations of pandanus-tool manufacture and use by a New Caledonian crow (Corvus moneduloides) Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 114-120  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Discrimination Learning; *Feeding Behavior; *Functional Laterality; Manufactured Materials; *Plant Leaves; *Songbirds  
  Abstract New Caledonian crows are reported to have impressive pandanus-tool manufacture abilities. These claims are based on an extensive artefact record. However, inferring behavioural and cognitive abilities without direct observation of tool manufacture is problematic. Here we report (and document on video) direct observations of a crow making and using stepped pandanus tools at Pic Ningua. We observed (1) a bias for making tools on left edges consistent with that previously found at the site, (2) faithful manufacture of a stepped design with high overall congruence in the shapes of tools, (3) the use of convergent rips to first form the tapered end working away from the trunk then the wide end working towards the trunk, (4) appropriate functional use of stepped tools by use of the leaf-edge barbs to hook food from holes, and (5) consistent holding of tools on the left side of its head when using them. Our observations verify most of the claims based on the artefact record, but the crow's exact manufacture technique was slightly different to that inferred previously.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, 92019 Auckland, New Zealand. grhunt10@hotmail.com  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15069611 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2529  
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Author Roper, K.L.; Zentall, T.R. openurl 
  Title (up) Directed forgetting in animals Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Psychological bulletin Abbreviated Journal Psychol Bull  
  Volume 113 Issue 3 Pages 513-532  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Columbidae; Conditioning (Psychology); Discrimination Learning; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders/*psychology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Task Performance and Analysis  
  Abstract Directed-forgetting research with animals suggests that animals show disrupted test performance only under certain conditions. Important variables are (a) whether during training, the cue to forget (F cue) signals nonreward (i.e., that the trial is over) versus reward (i.e., that reinforcement can be obtained) and (b) given that reinforcement can be obtained on F-cue trials, whether the post-F-cue response pattern is compatible with the baseline memory task. It is proposed that some findings of directed forgetting can be attributed to trained response biases, whereas others may be attributable perhaps to frustration-produced interference. It is suggested that directed forgetting in animals should be studied using procedures similar to those used to study directed forgetting in humans. This can be accomplished by presenting, within a trial, both to-be-remembered and to-be-forgotten material.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0033-2909 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8316612 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 259  
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Author Scherer, W.F.; Dickerman, R.W.; Ordonez, J.V. openurl 
  Title (up) Discovery and geographic distribution of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in Guatemala, Honduras, and British Honduras during 1965-68, and its possible movement to Central America and Mexico Type Journal Article
  Year 1970 Publication The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Abbreviated Journal Am J Trop Med Hyg  
  Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 703-711  
  Keywords Animals; Antibodies/analysis; Belize; Central America; Complement Fixation Tests; Cricetinae; Culicidae; *Disease Reservoirs; Ecology; Encephalitis Viruses/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/*epidemiology; Guatemala; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Honduras; Horses; Humans; Mexico; Neutralization Tests; Rats; Sampling Studies; Swine; Tropical Climate  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0002-9637 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4393224 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2735  
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Author Fagot, J.; Wasserman, E.A.; Young, M.E. openurl 
  Title (up) Discriminating the relation between relations: the role of entropy in abstract conceptualization by baboons (Papio papio) and humans (Homo sapiens) Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process  
  Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 316-328  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Cognition/physiology; *Discrimination (Psychology); Discrimination Learning; *Entropy; Female; Humans; Judgment/*physiology; Male; Papio  
  Abstract Two baboons (Papio papio) successfully learned relational matching-to-sample: They picked the choice display that involved the same relation among 16 pictures (same or different) as the sample display, although the sample display shared no pictures with the choice displays. The baboons generalized relational matching behavior to sample displays created from novel pictures. Further experiments varying the number of sample pictures and the mixture of same and different sample pictures suggested that entropy plays a key role in the baboons' conceptual behavior. Two humans (Homo sapiens) were similarly trained and tested; their behavior was both similar to and different from the baboons' behavior. The results suggest that animals other than humans and chimpanzees can discriminate the relation between relations. They further suggest that entropy detection may underlie same-different conceptualization, but that additional processes may participate in human conceptualization.  
  Address Comparative Cognition Research Group, Center for Research in Cognitive Neurosciences, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, France. fagot@lnf.cnrs-mrs.fr  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:11676083 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2772  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hauber, M.E.; Pearson, H.E.; Reh, A.; Merges, A. doi  openurl
  Title (up) Discrimination between host songs by brood parasitic brown-headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater) Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 129-137  
  Keywords Animals; *Auditory Perception; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; Sexual Behavior; *Songbirds; *Vocalization, Animal  
  Abstract Songbirds can learn both to produce and to discriminate between different classes of acoustic stimuli. Varying levels of auditory discrimination may improve the fitness of individuals in certain ecological and social contexts and, thus, selection is expected to mold the cognitive abilities of different species according to the potential benefits of acoustic processing. Although fine-scale auditory discrimination of conspecific songs and calls has been frequently reported for brood parasitic brown-headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater), it remains unclear why and how they perceive differently the songs of their many host species. Using habituation-dishabituation paradigms and measuring behavioral and physiological (heart-rate) responses, we found that captive female cowbirds consistently discriminated between songs of two host species, the song sparrow ( Melospiza melodia) and the red-winged blackbird ( Agelaius phoeniceus). Playback experiments with stimuli composed of con-specific followed by heterospecific vocalizations in the field also demonstrated discrimination between these heterospecific songs even though cowbirds were not attracted to playbacks of either host species' songs alone. Our results do not directly support a nest-searching function of heterospecific song discrimination by cowbirds and are most consistent with a function of the parasites' avoidance of attacks by their aggressive hosts. These data demonstrate discrimination between heterospecific vocalizations by brown-headed cowbirds and add a novel dimension to the already expansive auditory perceptual abilities of brood parasitic species and other songbirds.  
  Address Field Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell, University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. hauberm@socrates.berkeley.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12357285 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2600  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Mader, D.R.; Price, E.O. url  openurl
  Title (up) Discrimination learning in horses: effects of breed, age and social dominance Type Journal Article
  Year 1980 Publication Journal of animal science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 962-965  
  Keywords Aging; Animals; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Horses/*physiology; *Social Dominance  
  Abstract The discrimination learning ability of Quarter Horses and Thoroughbreds was compared by means of visual cues in a three-choice test with food as a reward. Quarter Horses learned significantly faster than Thoroughbreds, and learning progressed more rapidly for both breeds in a second discrimination task. Significant negative correlations were observed between age and rate of learning. Quarter Horses tended to be less reactive than Thoroughbreds, but individual emotional reactivity ratings and learning scores were not correlated. No correlation was found between social dominance and learning scores. Learning studies with horses may provide a better understanding of the behavioral traits that influence trainability in this species.  
  Address  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-8812 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:7390949 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 679  
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