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Author Illius,A. W.; Gordon, I. J. doi  openurl
  Title (up) The Allometry of Food Intake in Grazing Ruminants Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication The Journal of Animal Ecology Abbreviated Journal T. J. Anim. Ecol.  
  Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 989-999  
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  Abstract A simulation model of grazing mechanics in ruminants shows that, due to the allometric relations of bite size and metabolic requirements to body size, small animals are able to subsist on shorter swards than large animals. (2) The density of nutrients in the grazed horizon of the modelled swards markedly affected the ability of animals of a given body size to satisfy their energy requirements. (3) By extension, the allometric relationships would be expected to apply in selective grazing and browsing species in their choice of food items of different size and nutrient content. (4) The results support the argument that sexual segregation and habitat choice of dimorphic species is an effect of scramble competition for limited resources, the males thus being excluded from mutually preferred swards. (5) The model provides an explanation for two interspecific phenomena amongst grazers: grazing succession and grazing facilitation.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4265  
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Author R. A. J. Taylor doi  openurl
  Title (up) The Behavioural Basis of Redistribution I. The Delta -Model Concept Type Journal Article
  Year 1981 Publication The Journal of Animal Ecology Abbreviated Journal T. J. Anim. Ecol.  
  Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 573-586  
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  Abstract (1) A conceptual model is developed in which spatial behaviour is density-dependent. The behaviour is classified as congregatory or migratory according to whether it results in movement towards or away from population concentrations. (2) Spatial behaviour is shown to result from both individual and population interactions. (3) The stability properties of the model are explored and it is shown how, under particular conditions, populations obeying the model have a population density regulating mechanism. (4) The similarity between the model and the potential energy curve of physics is noted, but it is emphasized that this is a behavioural not a physical model.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 720  
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Author Dall, Sasha R. X; Houston, Alasdair I.; McNamara, John M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) The behavioural ecology of personality: consistent individual differences from an adaptive perspective Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Ecology Letters Abbreviated Journal Ecol. Letters  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 734-739  
  Keywords Adaptive individual differences, behavioural ecology, behavioural syndromes, evolutionary game theory, life history strategies, personality differences, state-dependent dynamic programming  
  Abstract Individual humans, and members of diverse other species, show consistent differences in

aggressiveness, shyness, sociability and activity. Such intraspecific differences in

behaviour have been widely assumed to be non-adaptive variation surrounding

(possibly) adaptive population-average behaviour. Nevertheless, in keeping with recent

calls to apply Darwinian reasoning to ever-finer scales of biological variation, we sketch

the fundamentals of an adaptive theory of consistent individual differences in behaviour.

Our thesis is based on the notion that such .personality differences. can be selected for if

fitness payoffs are dependent on both the frequencies with which competing strategies

are played and an individual`s behavioural history. To this end, we review existing models

that illustrate this and propose a game theoretic approach to analyzing personality

differences that is both dynamic and state-dependent. Our motivation is to provide

insights into the evolution and maintenance of an apparently common animal trait:

personality, which has far reaching ecological and evolutionary implications.
 
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 494  
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Author FitzGibbon, C. D. doi  openurl
  Title (up) The costs and benefits of predator inspection behaviour in Thomson's gazelles Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.  
  Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 139-148  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 524  
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Author Schmidt, R.; Amrhein, V.; Kunc, H.P.; Naguib, M. doi  openurl
  Title (up) The day after: effects of vocal interactions on territory defence in nightingales Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication The Journal of Animal Ecology Abbreviated Journal T. J. Anim. Ecol.  
  Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 168-173  
  Keywords Aggression; Animals; Male; Songbirds/*physiology; *Territoriality; Time Factors; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology  
  Abstract 1. Models on territory acquisition and tenure predict that territorial animals benefit by adjusting territorial defence behaviour to previous challenges they had experienced within the socially complex environment of communication networks. 2. Here, we addressed such issues of social cognition by investigating persisting effects of vocal contests on territory defence behaviour in nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos (Brehm). 3. Using interactive playback during nocturnal song of subjects, a rival was simulated to countersing either aggressively (by song overlapping) or moderately (by song alternating) from outside the subjects' territory. Thereby, the time-specific singing strategy provided an experimentally controlled source of information on the motivation of an unfamiliar rival. 4. Expecting that nightingales integrate information with time, the same rival was simulated to return as a moderately singing intruder on the following morning. 5. The results show that the vigour with which male nightingales responded to the simulated intrusion of an opponent during the day depended on the nature of the nocturnal vocal interaction experienced several hours before. 6. Males that had received the song overlapping playback the preceding night approached the simulated intruder more quickly and closer and sang more songs near the loudspeaker than did males that had received a song alternating playback. 7. This adjustment of territory defence strategies depending on information from prior signalling experience suggests that integrating information with time plays an important part in territory defence by affecting a male's decision making in a communication network.  
  Address Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100 131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. rouven.schmidt@uni-bielefeld.de  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN 0021-8790 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:17184365 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2749  
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Author Edwards, P. J.; Hollis, S. doi  openurl
  Title (up) The Distribution of Excreta on New Forest Grassland Used by Cattle, Ponies and Deer Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication The Journal of Applied Ecology Abbreviated Journal J Appl Ecol  
  Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 953-964  
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  Abstract (1) The distribution of excreta on areas of reseeded grassland in the New Forest used by free-ranging cattle, ponies and fallow deer was shown to be non-random. Distinct latrine areas were recognized where the faeces of all three herbivore species were concentrated, and where the majority of urinations occurred. The mosaic of latrine and non-latrine areas can be detected in aerial photographs in which non-latrine areas appear as light-grey patches set in a matrix of the dark grey latrine areas. During the 3 years of the study the position of the mosaic proved to be relatively stable. (2) The latrine areas were characterized by an uneven sward about 50 mm tall with abundant thistles (Cirsium spp.) and ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Non-latrine areas had an even and very closely cropped sward between 10 and 20 mm tall. Soil chemical analysis of the two kinds of area revealed significantly higher levels of exchangeable potassium in latrine areas, and on one site significantly higher levels of magnesium and organic matter. No significant differences were detected in soil reaction, nor in phosphorus or calcium levels. (3) Observations of grazing animals revealed a tendency, at all times of year, for ponies to avoid grazing in latrine areas. In winter and spring this tendency was very slight, but from midsummer until late autumn a substantial majority of grazing ponies were to be found in non-latrine areas. In contrast, only 2% of the cattle observations made over a period of 20 months were of animals grazing in non-latrine areas. (4) The standing crop of dung and the rate of dung production on the two kinds of area were monitored for 12 months on one lawn. The amount of pony dung produced on non-latrine areas was only 16.5% of that in latrine areas, while for cattle the corresponding value was 28.7%. It is argued that the observed pattern has been created by selective grazing and eliminatory behaviour of the ponies, and that the excreta of cattle and deer are largely confined to pony latrine areas because these animals are unable to graze the very short herbage of non-latrine areas.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2287  
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Author Kokko, H.; Lopez-Sepulcre, A. url  doi
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  Title (up) The ecogenetic link between demography and evolution: can we bridge the gap between theory and data? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Ecology Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue 9 Pages 773-782  
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  Abstract Abstract Calls to understand the links between ecology and evolution have been common for decades. Population dynamics, i.e. the demographic changes in populations, arise from life history decisions of individuals and thus are a product of selection, and selection, on the contrary, can be modified by such dynamical properties of the population as density and stability. It follows that generating predictions and testing them correctly requires considering this ecogenetic feedback loop whenever traits have demographic consequences, mediated via density dependence (or frequency dependence). This is not an easy challenge, and arguably theory has advanced at a greater pace than empirical research. However, theory would benefit from more interaction between related fields, as is evident in the many near-synonymous names that the ecogenetic loop has attracted. We also list encouraging examples where empiricists have shown feasible ways of addressing the question, ranging from advanced data analysis to experiments and comparative analyses of phylogenetic data.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4226  
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Author Giraldeau, Luc-Alain url  isbn
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  Title (up) The ecology of information use Type Book Chapter
  Year 1997 Publication Behavioural ecology : an evolutionary approach Abbreviated Journal  
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  Publisher Blackwell Science Place of Publication Cambridge, Mass. Editor Krebs, J.R.; Davies, N.B.  
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  ISSN ISBN 0865427313 9780865427310 Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ 35114973 Serial 4277  
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Author Pusey, A. E.; Packer, C. openurl 
  Title (up) The Ecology of relationships Type Book Chapter
  Year 2003 Publication Behavioural Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 254 -283  
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  Publisher Blackwell Scientific Publication Place of Publication Oxford Editor Krebs, J.R.; Davis, N.B.;  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 820  
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Author Doutrelant, C.; McGregor, P. K.; Oliveira, R. F. url  openurl
  Title (up) The effect of an audience on intrasexual communication in male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume 12 Issue Pages 283-286  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4224  
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