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Author |
Mori, U. |
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Title  |
Ecological and sociological studies of gelada baboons. Individual relationships within a unit |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Contributions to Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Contrib Primatol |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
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Pages |
93-124 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Female; Grooming; *Haplorhini; *Leadership; Male; Paternal Behavior; *Social Behavior; *Theropithecus |
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English |
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0301-4231 |
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Notes |
PMID:101345 |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2046 |
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Author |
Mori, U. |
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Title |
Ecological and sociological studies of gelada baboons. Inter-unit relationships |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Contributions to Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Contrib Primatol |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
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Pages |
83-92 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Female; *Haplorhini; Leadership; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Distance; *Theropithecus |
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0301-4231 |
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Notes |
PMID:101344 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2047 |
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Author |
Mori, U. |
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Title |
Ecological and sociological studies of gelada baboons. Unit formation and the emergence of a new leader |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Contributions to Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Contrib Primatol |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
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Pages |
155-181 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Female; Grooming; *Haplorhini; Leadership; Male; *Social Behavior; Social Distance; *Theropithecus |
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0301-4231 |
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Notes |
PMID:101335 |
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2048 |
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Author |
Shoshani, J.; Kupsky, W.J.; Marchant, G.H. |
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Title |
Elephant brain. Part I: gross morphology, functions, comparative anatomy, and evolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Brain Research Bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Res Bull |
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Volume |
70 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
124-157 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Brain/*anatomy & histology/blood supply/*physiology; Cats; Chinchilla; Elephants/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; Equidae; *Evolution; Female; Guinea Pigs; Haplorhini; Humans; Hyraxes; Male; Pan troglodytes; Sheep; Wolves |
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Abstract |
We report morphological data on brains of four African, Loxodonta africana, and three Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, and compare findings to literature. Brains exhibit a gyral pattern more complex and with more numerous gyri than in primates, humans included, and in carnivores, but less complex than in cetaceans. Cerebral frontal, parietal, temporal, limbic, and insular lobes are well developed, whereas the occipital lobe is relatively small. The insula is not as opercularized as in man. The temporal lobe is disproportionately large and expands laterally. Humans and elephants have three parallel temporal gyri: superior, middle, and inferior. Hippocampal sizes in elephants and humans are comparable, but proportionally smaller in elephant. A possible carotid rete was observed at the base of the brain. Brain size appears to be related to body size, ecology, sociality, and longevity. Elephant adult brain averages 4783 g, the largest among living and extinct terrestrial mammals; elephant neonate brain averages 50% of its adult brain weight (25% in humans). Cerebellar weight averages 18.6% of brain (1.8 times larger than in humans). During evolution, encephalization quotient has increased by 10-fold (0.2 for extinct Moeritherium, approximately 2.0 for extant elephants). We present 20 figures of the elephant brain, 16 of which contain new material. Similarities between human and elephant brains could be due to convergent evolution; both display mosaic characters and are highly derived mammals. Humans and elephants use and make tools and show a range of complex learning skills and behaviors. In elephants, the large amount of cerebral cortex, especially in the temporal lobe, and the well-developed olfactory system, structures associated with complex learning and behavioral functions in humans, may provide the substrate for such complex skills and behavior. |
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Address |
Department of Biology, University of Asmara, P.O. Box 1220, Asmara, Eritrea (Horn of Africa). hezy@bio.uoa.edu.er |
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ISSN |
0361-9230 |
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Notes |
PMID:16782503 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2623 |
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Author |
Preston, S.D.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Title |
Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Behavioral and Brain Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Brain Sci |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-20; discussion 20-71 |
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Keywords |
Adult; Animals; Child; Emotions/physiology; *Empathy; Evolution; Haplorhini; Helping Behavior; Humans; Mental Disorders/physiopathology/psychology; Morals; Personality Development; Phylogeny; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology; Socialization |
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Abstract |
There is disagreement in the literature about the exact nature of the phenomenon of empathy. There are emotional, cognitive, and conditioning views, applying in varying degrees across species. An adequate description of the ultimate and proximate mechanism can integrate these views. Proximately, the perception of an object's state activates the subject's corresponding representations, which in turn activate somatic and autonomic responses. This mechanism supports basic behaviors (e.g., alarm, social facilitation, vicariousness of emotions, mother-infant responsiveness, and the modeling of competitors and predators) that are crucial for the reproductive success of animals living in groups. The Perception-Action Model (PAM), together with an understanding of how representations change with experience, can explain the major empirical effects in the literature (similarity, familiarity, past experience, explicit teaching, and salience). It can also predict a variety of empathy disorders. The interaction between the PAM and prefrontal functioning can also explain different levels of empathy across species and age groups. This view can advance our evolutionary understanding of empathy beyond inclusive fitness and reciprocal altruism and can explain different levels of empathy across individuals, species, stages of development, and situations. |
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Address |
University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, 2RCP-Neurology Clinic, Iowa City, IA 52242. stephanie-d-preston@uiowa.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0140-525X |
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Notes |
PMID:12625087 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
181 |
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Author |
[No authors listed] |
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Title |
International Conference on Environmental Cadmium: an overview |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Environmental Health Perspectives |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Health Perspect |
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Volume |
28 |
Issue |
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Pages |
297-30 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cadmium/*toxicity; Cadmium Poisoning/metabolism; Congresses; Ecology; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity; Female; Forecasting; Haplorhini; Horses; Humans; Rats; Waste Disposal, Fluid |
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English |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0091-6765 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:39745 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2694 |
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Author |
Arnold, K.; Zuberbuhler, K. |
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Title |
Language evolution: semantic combinations in primate calls |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
441 |
Issue |
7091 |
Pages |
303 |
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Keywords |
Animal Migration; Animals; Eagles/physiology; *Evolution; Female; Haplorhini/*physiology; Male; Predatory Behavior; *Semantics; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Abstract |
Syntax sets human language apart from other natural communication systems, although its evolutionary origins are obscure. Here we show that free-ranging putty-nosed monkeys combine two vocalizations into different call sequences that are linked to specific external events, such as the presence of a predator and the imminent movement of the group. Our findings indicate that non-human primates can combine calls into higher-order sequences that have a particular meaning. |
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Address |
School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK |
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ISSN |
1476-4687 |
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Notes |
PMID:16710411 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
354 |
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Author |
Harlow, H.F. |
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Title |
Learning and satiation of response in intrinsically motivated complex puzzle performance by monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1950 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Physiol Psychol |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
289-294 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Haplorhini; *Learning; *Motivation; *Psychology; *Satiation; *Learning; *Motivation; *Psychology |
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Abstract |
Two rhesus monkeys, given 60 two-hour sessions with a six-device mechanical puzzle showed clear evidence of learning, the curve showing ratio of incorrect to correct responses appearing quite comparable to similar curves obtained during externally rewarded situations. When, on the thirteenth day of tests, the subjects were presented with the puzzle 100 times at 6-minute intervals, the number of devices manipulated decreased regularly throughout the day, although there was no significant change in the number of times the problem assembly was attacked. |
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ISSN |
0021-9940 |
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Notes |
PMID:15436888 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6550 |
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Author |
Hrdy, S.B. |
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Title |
Male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (Presbytis entellus) of Abu, Rajasthan |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
19-58 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Coitus; *Competitive Behavior; Estrus; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Haplorhini; Homing Behavior; Humans; India; Infanticide; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Pregnancy; Rain; Seasons; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Temperature; Vocalization, Animal |
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ISSN |
0015-5713 |
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Notes |
PMID:4215710 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2051 |
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Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
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Title |
Meaning and mind in monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
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Volume |
267 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
122-128 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; *Haplorhini; Male; Speech; *Vocalization, Animal |
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Address |
University of Pennsylvania |
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English |
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0036-8733 |
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Notes |
PMID:1439710 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
701 |
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