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Author |
Conradt, L.; Krause, J.; Couzin, I. D.; Roper, T. J. |
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Title  |
“Leading According to Need” in Self-Organizing Groups |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
The American Naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am Nat |
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Volume |
173 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
304-312 |
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Keywords |
behavioral synchrony, collective group decisions, democracy and egalitarianism in animals, public goods experiments, sexual segregation, social choice theory |
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Abstract |
Self‐organizing‐system approaches have shed significant light on the mechanisms underlying synchronized movements by large groups of animals, such as shoals of fish, flocks of birds, or herds of ungulates. However, these approaches rarely consider conflicts of interest between group members, although there is reason to suppose that such conflicts are commonplace. Here, we demonstrate that, where conflicts exist, individual members of self‐organizing groups can, in principle, increase their influence on group movement destination by strategically changing simple behavioral parameters (namely, movement speed, assertiveness, and social attraction range). However, they do so at the expense of an increased risk of group fragmentation and a decrease in movement efficiency. We argue that the resulting trade‐offs faced by each group member render it likely that group movements are led by those members for which reaching a particular destination is most crucial or group cohesion is least important. We term this phenomenon leading according to “need” or “social indifference,” respectively. Both kinds of leading can occur in the absence of knowledge of or communication about the needs of other group members and without the assumption of altruistic cooperation. We discuss our findings in the light of observations on fish and other vertebrates. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5121 |
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Author |
Gothe, R. |
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Title |
[Tapeworms, a problem in equine practice?] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Tierarztliche Praxis |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tierarztl Prax |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
466-470 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cestode Infections/diagnosis/parasitology/therapy/*veterinary; *Horse Diseases/diagnosis/parasitology/therapy; Horses |
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Abstract |
This paper gives a survey on biology and ecology of equine tapeworms as well as on pathogenesis, clinics, diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of tapeworm infections. |
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Institut fur Vergleichende Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen |
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German |
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Original Title |
Bandwurmer, ein Problem in der Pferdepraxis? |
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0303-6286 |
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PMID:7855855 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2663 |
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Author |
Meyer, W.; Pakur, M. |
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Title |
[Remarks on the domestic dog as an object of instruction for the education of the developing child] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
131-138 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic; *Bonding, Human-Pet; Character; Child; *Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cognition; *Dogs; Emotions; Empathy; Humans |
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Abstract |
Based on an intensive analysis of literature, the study summarizes problems involved in the significance of domesticated dogs as objects of instruction and assistants of the education of children. Several important topics are discussed in view of advances for children in families keeping dogs. Such topics are mainly related to a general socio-emotional level, the support of cognitive development and character formation. Further aspects are the acquisition of a sense of responsibility, and the development of self-confidence, a sense of social membership and security, as well as important attributes of character such as frankness, broad mindedness, and sympathetic understanding. Moreover, knowledge about the life cycle and functions of body organs can be conveyed, and the dog could, at least in part, substitute for brothers and sisters. Basically, positive attitudes towards animals in general, as well as nature and environment are supported. All topics are critically commented and considered to be realistic or not. The supporting role of parents, in particular, is emphasized. Parental commitment should include deep concern with the typical attributes of the dog breed desired, and optimal dog keeping conditions to prevent harm to the children. The final commentary lays special emphasis on negative features of domestication for a pet owner, and cautions against non-biological and illusionary ideas about domesticated animals. |
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Anatomisches Institut der Tierakztlichen Hochschule Hannover |
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German |
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Original Title |
Bemerkungen zum Haushund als Lehrobjekt und Erziehungshilfe fur das sich entwickelnde Kind |
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ISSN |
0005-9366 |
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Notes |
PMID:10337055 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4155 |
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Author |
Buttiker, W. |
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Title |
[Preliminary report on eye-frequenting butterflies in the Ivory Coast] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Revue Suisse de Zoologie; Annales de la Societe Zoologique Suisse et du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev Suisse Zool |
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Volume |
80 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-43 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Cote d'Ivoire; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/*veterinary; *Eye; Horses; *Insects; *Parasites; Sheep |
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German |
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Original Title |
Vorlaufige Beobachtungen an augenbesuchenden Schmetterlingen in der Elfenbeinkuste |
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0035-418X |
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PMID:4354354 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2716 |
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Author |
Grafner, G.; Zimmermann, H.; Karge, E.; Munch, J.; Ribbeck, R.; Hiepe, T. |
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Title |
[Incidence and damages inflicted by simuliid flies in the GDR district of Schwerin] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Angewandte Parasitologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Parasitol |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2-6 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/*parasitology; Climate; *Diptera/growth & development; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/*veterinary; Germany, East; Horse Diseases/*parasitology; Horses; Swine; Swine Diseases/*parasitology |
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Abstract |
Systematic faunal studies in the district Schwerin showed at the present time there are 3 more or less damage-biotopes existing in the districts of Perleberg, Ludwigslust and Parchim; 5 river sources can be considered as potential sources, 5 are temporary and 2 are ephemeral whilst in 3 further areas environmental influences such as effluent impairs the flow of the river and the developmental stages of Simuliidae were not observed.--The following species were found: Boophthora erythrocephala, Wilhelmia salopiensis, Wilhelmia equina, Odagmia ornata, Eusimulium aureum and Eusimulium lundstroemi.--The damage statistics covering the period 1966--1971 showed in the district of Schwerin, due to Simuliid attacks, 38 cattle died, 170 were seriously ill; in 1967 5 horses were seriously ill; in 1971, 3 pigs died and 27 were seriously ill.--The symptoms were manifested by pathological petechiae, scabs and oedema, also by insufficiency of the heart and circulatory system, diminished performance and growth disturbance. In severe cases heart and circulation failure occurred, paresis, coma and death followed.--The real economic significance of the Simuliid attacks rest with its strong and prolonged distrubance in young animals, as well as in pronounced irreparable diminished performance in diseased dairy cattle. |
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German |
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Original Title |
Vorkommen und Schadwirkung von Kriebelmucken im DDR-Bezirk Schwerin |
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0003-3162 |
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Notes |
PMID:1267220 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2699 |
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Author |
Satorov, S.S.; Orzuev, M.I. |
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Title |
[Frequency of the isolation of staphylococci from domestic animals and strain identification] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, i Immunobiologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol |
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Issue |
12 |
Pages |
37-39 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic/*microbiology; Bacteriophage Typing; Carrier State/microbiology/veterinary; Cats; Ecology; Goats; Horses; Perissodactyla; Sheep; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Staphylococcus/classification/*isolation & purification |
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Abstract |
Staphylococci occur in donkeys more frequently than in other animals, and only from donkeys coagulase-negative staphylococci, characteristic of humans (S. hominis, S. capitis, S. cohnii), were isolated. Least frequently staphylococcal carrier state was registered in cats; in these animals only coagulase-negative strains were found to occur. From 30 donkeys coagulase-positive staphylococci belonging to 47 S. aureus strains were isolated. These strains differed from known ecological variants in their biological properties, thus suggesting the existence of S. aureus ecovar specific for donkeys. These strains did not coagulate human, bovine and ovine plasma, but coagulated rabbit plasma in 100% of cases and donkey plasma only in 53% of cases; at the same time they relatively often produced delta hemolysin, rarely phosphatase and hyaluronidase and never fibrinolysin. These strains were typed by KPC phages, mainly 116 and 117. |
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Russian |
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Original Title |
Chastota vydeleniia stafilokokkov u domashnykh zhivotnykh i identifikatsiia shtammov |
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ISSN |
0372-9311 |
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Notes |
PMID:3445728 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2676 |
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Author |
Joubert, L.; Oudar, J.; Hannoun, C.; Beytout, D.; Corniou, B.; Guillon, J.C.; Panthier, R. |
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Title |
[Epidemiology of the West Nile virus: study of a focus in Camargue. IV. Meningo-encephalomyelitis of the horse] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Annales de l'Institut Pasteur |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
239-247 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Ecology; Encephalitis Viruses/*isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/*epidemiology/immunology; France; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Meningoencephalitis/*veterinary; Neurologic Manifestations; Serologic Tests |
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French |
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Original Title |
Epidemiologie du virus West Nile: etude d'un foyer en Camargue. IV. La meningo-encephalomyelite du cheval |
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0020-2444 |
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Notes |
PMID:5461277 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2737 |
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Author |
Ziegler, W.H. |
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Title |
[Endocrinological studies in arterial hypertension. Search for phaeochromocytoma] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Schweiz Med Wochenschr |
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Volume |
106 |
Issue |
34 |
Pages |
1148-1150 |
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Keywords |
Angiography; Blood Volume; Catecholamines/urine; Glucagon/diagnostic use; Histamine/diagnostic use; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertension/*etiology; Methods; Pheochromocytoma/*complications/diagnosis; Tyramine/diagnostic use |
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Abstract |
Elevated urinary catecholamines and their metabolites are the only findings which confirm the presence of pheochromocytoma. This examination is of particular interest if carried out in urine produced after spontaneous hypertensive episodes. Pharmacologic tests when carried out under standard conditions have proven to be a reliable aid in cases of suspected pheochromocytoma. Roentgenographic studies, determination of local plasma catecholamine concentrations and blood volume control should be undertaken in these patients before surgical procedure. |
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German |
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Original Title |
Endokrinologische Untersuchungen bei arterieller Hypertonie. Suche nach Phaochromozytom |
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ISSN |
0036-7672 |
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Notes |
PMID:12561 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4047 |
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Author |
Giangaspero, A.; Traversa, D.; Otranto, D. |
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Title |
[Ecology of Thelazia spp. in cattle and their vectors in Italy] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Parassitologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parassitologia |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
257-259 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle/parasitology; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission; Disease Transmission, Horizontal; Dog Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Dogs/parasitology; Ecosystem; Eye Infections, Parasitic/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Italy/epidemiology; Muscidae/*parasitology; Species Specificity; Spirurida Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Thelazioidea/classification/*isolation & purification |
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Abstract |
The genus Thelazia (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) includes a cosmopolitan group of eyeworm spirurids responsible for ocular infections in domestic and wild animals and transmitted by different species of muscids. Bovine thelaziosis is caused by Thelazia rhodesi Desmarest 1828, Thelazia gulosa Railliet & Henry 1910, and Thelazia skrjabini Erschow 1928, which occur in many countries; T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been reported mainly in the New World, while T. rhodesi is particularly common in the Old World. In Italy, T. rhodesi was reported in southern regions a long time ago and, recently, T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been identified in autochthonous cattle first in Apulia and then in Sardinia. Thirteen species of Musca are listed as intermediate hosts of eyeworms, but only Musca autumnalis and Musca larvipara have been demonstrated to act as vectors of Thelazia in the ex-URSS, North America, ex-Czechoslovakia and more recently in Sweden. In Italy, after the reports of T. gulosa and T. skrjabini in southern regions, the intermediate hosts of bovine eyeworms were initially only suspected as the predominant secretophagous Muscidae collected from the periocular region of cattle with thelaziosis were the face flies, M. autumnalis and M. larvipara, followed by Musca osiris, Musca tempestiva and Musca domestica. The well-known constraints in the identification of immature eyeworms to species by fly dissection and also the time-consuming techniques used constitute important obstacles to epidemiological field studies (i.e. vector identification and/or role, prevalence and pattern of infection in flies, etc.). Molecular studies have recently permitted to further investigations into this area. A PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal ITS-1 sequence was developed to differentiate the 3 species of Thelazia (i.e. T. gulosa, T. rhodesi and T. skrjabini) found in Italy, then a molecular epidemiological survey has recently been carried out in field conditions throughout five seasons of fly activity and has identified the role of M. autumnalis, M. larvipara, M. osiris and M. domestica as vectors of T. gulosa and of M. autumnalis and M. larvipara of T. rhodesi. Moreover, M. osiris was described, for the first time, to act as a vector of T. gulosa and M. larvipara of T. gulosa and T. rhodesi. The mean prevalence in the fly population examined was found to be 2.86%. The molecular techniques have opened new perspectives for further research on the ecology and epidemiology not only of Thelazia in cattle but also of other autochthonous species of Thelazia which have been also recorded in Italy, such as Thelazia callipaeda, which is responsible for human and canid ocular infection and Thelazia lacrymalis, the horse eyeworm whose epidemiological molecular studies are in progress. |
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Dipartimento PR.I.M.E., Universita degli Studi di Foggia |
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Italian |
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Original Title |
Ecologia di Thelazia spp. e dei vettori in Italia |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0048-2951 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:15305729 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2633 |
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Author |
Hazem, A.S. |
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Title |
[Collective review: Salmonella paratyphi in animals and in the environment] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
296-303 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Bird Diseases/epidemiology; Brachyura; Cat Diseases/epidemiology; Cats; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Environment; Fish Diseases/epidemiology; Germany, West; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Mollusca; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*epidemiology; *Salmonella paratyphi A; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; Snails; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology |
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Language |
German |
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Original Title |
Sammelreferat: Salmonella paratyphi bei Tieren und in der Umwelt |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0341-6593 |
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Notes |
PMID:352661 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2698 |
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