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| Author | Baer, K.L.; Potter, G.D.; Friend, T.H.; Beaver, B.V. | ||||
| Title | Observation effects on learning in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1983 | Publication | Applied Animal Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 123-129 |
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| Abstract | Sixteen horses, divided into 2 groups of 8, were used to study observational learning in horses. One group served as controls while the other group served as the treated group (observers). Observers were allowed to watch a correctly performed discrimination task for 5 days prior to testing their learning response using the same task. Discrimination testing was conducted on all horses daily for 14 days, with criterion set at 7 out of 8 responses correct with the last 5 consecutively correct. The maximum number of trials performed without reaching criterion was limited to 20 per day. Mean trials to criteria (MT) by group were: control, 11.25; observer, 10.70. Mean error (ME) scores were: control, 2.37; observer, 2.02. Average initial discrimination error scores were 11.13 for control and 10.38 for observers (P < 0.10). Asymptote was reached by Day 8 for both control and observer groups. Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed an extreme-day effect indicative of learning (P < 0.01), with non-significant differences in learning rate between experimental groups. Whether the initial ability of the horses to perform a discrimination learning task was enhanced by observation of other horses' performance of that task was not obvious from these data. | ||||
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| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 726 | ||
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| Author | Bannikov, A.G. | ||||
| Title | The Asiatic Wild Ass: neglected relative of the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | Pages | 580-585 | |
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| Language | Englisch | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 756 | ||
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| Author | Arnold Gw, G.A. | ||||
| Title | Ethogram of agonistic behaviour for thoroughbred horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Applied Animal Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 5-25 |
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| Abstract | Social interactions between individual horses were observed in two herds each comprising a stallion and a number of mares. In one herd, the animals were observed whilst grazing and resting; in the other, nearest neighbours were recorded when the animals were grazing, and social interactions were noted when the animals were feeding on hay. In both herds, the horses showed marked preferences for the company of specific individuals when they were grazing. In one herd, the associations were mainly between individuals that had been associated prior to being put in the herd. In the other herd, this was not the case. A new statistic was produced for testing for specific company preference. In both herds, the stallion was dominant over all mares and never received any aggression. The complete social hierarchy could not be determined for the herd which was observed only when grazing because social contact was restricted to that within groups or pairs that associated together. In the herd to which hay was fed, a non-linear hierarchy existed. Statistics were produced to quantify both the general level of dominance of a horse and its specific dominance or subordination to every other horse. It is suggested that these statistics, and one for quantifying the general aggressiveness of a horse, could be widely used. A principal component analysis allowed the horses to be characterised socially according to aggressiveness, their attitude to other horses and their attractiveness to other horses. |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 899 | |||
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| Author | Berliner Vr, | ||||
| Title | The estrous cycle of the mare. In: Cole,H.H., Cupps,P.T. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1959 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Reproductions in domestic animals | |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 267-289 | |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 942 | |||
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| Author | Bruemmer F, | ||||
| Title | The horses of Sable Island | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1967 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Animals | |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 14-17 | |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 975 | |||
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| Author | Campitelli, S.; Carenzi, C.; Verga, M. | ||||
| Title | Factors which influence parturition in the mare and development of the foal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Applied Animal Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Animal. Ethol. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 7-14 |
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| Abstract | Observations are reported of 127 foals born to 127 mares. In particular, comparisons are made between the mare's tendency to foal at night, the length of gestation, the weight of the foal and the weight of the foetal membrane, the time taken by the foal to attain a standing position and the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane and the age of the mare and the season. The new facts that emerge from the results are: (a) foals from middle-aged (6–11 years) mares are heavier; (b) variations of gestation length are related to the month of conception (just a trend, not a statistically significant result); (c) time for the foal to stand is related to the foal sex (females: 56.3 minutes; males 70.6 minutes, on average), and to the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane; (d) parturitions take place mainly (80%) during the hours of darkness. In spring, the percentage of night births (85%) is higher than in winter (78%). |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 984 | |||
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| Author | Epstein H, | ||||
| Title | Descent and origin of the ass | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | In Epstein: The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. II. | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 394-398 | ||
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1069 | |||
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| Author | Epstein H, | ||||
| Title | Wild Ass | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | In Epstein: The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. II | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 378-381 | ||
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1070 | |||
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| Author | Fao, | ||||
| Title | The Przewalski horse and restoration to its natural habitat in Mongolia. JO FAO Animal Production and Health Paper | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Animal Production and Health Paper | |
| Volume | 61 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1078 | |||
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| Author | Klingel H, | ||||
| Title | Communication in Perissodactyla | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | in Sebeok TA (ed): How Animals Communicate | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 715-727, | ||
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1305 | |||
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