| Records |
| Author |
Schaller, G.B: |
| Title |
The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations (Wildlife Behavior and Ecology series) |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
1976 |
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University Of Chicago Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
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ISBN |
978-0226736402 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5159 |
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| Author |
Eckardt, G.; Windhofer, A. |
| Title |
Untersuchung der Beanspruchung von Pferden während Isolation und beim Verladen |
Type |
Manuscript |
| Year |
2004 |
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Master's thesis |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5190 |
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| Author |
Ecker, C.; Marquand, A.; Mourao-Miranda, J.; Johnston, P.; Daly, E.M.; Brammer, M.J.; Maltezos, S.; Murphy, C.M.; Robertson, D.; Williams, S.C.; Murphy, D.G.M. |
| Title |
Describing the Brain in Autism in Five Dimensions--Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Assisted Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using a Multiparameter Classification Approach |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
J. Neurosci. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Neurosci. |
| Volume |
30 |
Issue |
32 |
Pages |
10612-10623 |
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| Abstract |
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with multiple causes, comorbid conditions, and a wide range in the type and severity of symptoms expressed by different individuals. This makes the neuroanatomy of autism inherently difficult to describe. Here, we demonstrate how a multiparameter classification approach can be used to characterize the complex and subtle structural pattern of gray matter anatomy implicated in adults with ASD, and to reveal spatially distributed patterns of discriminating regions for a variety of parameters describing brain anatomy. A set of five morphological parameters including volumetric and geometric features at each spatial location on the cortical surface was used to discriminate between people with ASD and controls using a support vector machine (SVM) analytic approach, and to find a spatially distributed pattern of regions with maximal classification weights. On the basis of these patterns, SVM was able to identify individuals with ASD at a sensitivity and specificity of up to 90% and 80%, respectively. However, the ability of individual cortical features to discriminate between groups was highly variable, and the discriminating patterns of regions varied across parameters. The classification was specific to ASD rather than neurodevelopmental conditions in general (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Our results confirm the hypothesis that the neuroanatomy of autism is truly multidimensional, and affects multiple and most likely independent cortical features. The spatial patterns detected using SVM may help further exploration of the specific genetic and neuropathological underpinnings of ASD, and provide new insights into the most likely multifactorial etiology of the condition. |
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| Notes |
10.1523/Jneurosci.5413-09.2010 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5191 |
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| Author |
Faria, J.J.; Dyer, J.R.G.; Tosh, C.R.; Krause, J. |
| Title |
Leadership and social information use in human crowds |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
79 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
895-901 |
| Keywords |
collective animal behaviour; group; human; inadvertent social cue; information; leadership |
| Abstract |
One of the big challenges for group-living animals is to find out who in a group has pertinent information (regarding food or predators) at any moment in time, because informed individuals may not be obviously recognizable to other group members. We found that individuals in human groups were capable of identifying those with information, and this identification increased group performance: the speed and accuracy of groups in reaching a target. Using video analysis we found how informed individuals might have been identified by other group members by means of inadvertent social cues (such as starting order, time spent following and group position). Furthermore, we were able to show that at least one of these cues, the group position of informed individuals, was indeed correlated with group performance. Our final experiment confirmed that leadership was even more efficient when the group members were given the identity of the leader. We discuss the effect of information status regarding the presence and identity of leaders on collective animal behaviour. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5192 |
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| Author |
Franks, D.; James, R.; Noble, J.; Ruxton, G. |
| Title |
A foundation for developing a methodology for social network sampling |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1079-1088-1088 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Researchers are increasingly turning to network theory to understand the social nature of animal populations. We present a computational framework that is the first step in a series of works that will allow us to develop a quantitative methodology of social network sampling to aid ecologists in their social network data collection. To develop our methodology, we need to be able to generate networks from which to sample. Ideally, we need to perform a systematic study of sampling protocols on different known network structures, as network structure might affect the robustness of any particular sampling methodology. Thus, we present a computational tool for generating network structures that have user-defined distributions for network properties and for key measures of interest to ecologists. The user defines the values of these measures and the tool will generate appropriate network randomizations with those properties. This tool will be used as a framework for developing a sampling methodology, although we do not present a full methodology here. We describe the method used by the tool, demonstrate its effectiveness, and discuss how the tool can now be utilized. We provide a proof-of-concept example (using the assortativity measure) of how such networks can be used, along with a simulated egocentric sampling regime, to test the level of equivalence of the sampled network to the actual network. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0340-5443 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5194 |
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| Author |
Ramos-Fernández, G.; Boyer, D.; Aureli, F.; Vick, L. |
| Title |
Association networks in spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
999-1013-1013 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
We use two novel techniques to analyze association patterns in a group of wild spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) studied continuously for 8 years. Permutation tests identified association rates higher or lower than chance expectation, indicating active processes of companionship and avoidance as opposed to passive aggregation. Network graphs represented individual adults as nodes and their association rates as weighted edges. Strength and eigenvector centrality (a measure of how strongly linked an individual is to other strongly linked individuals) were used to quantify the particular role of individuals in determining the network's structure. Female–female dyads showed higher association rates than any other type of dyad, but permutation tests revealed that these associations cannot be distinguished from random aggregation. Females formed tightly linked clusters that were stable over time, with the exception of immigrant females who showed little association with any adult in the group. Eigenvector centrality was higher for females than for males. Adult males were associated mostly among them, and although their strength of association with others was lower than that of females, their association rates revealed a process of active companionship. Female–male bonds were weaker than those between same-sex pairs, with the exception of those involving young male adults, who by virtue of their strong connections both with female and male adults, appear as temporary brokers between the female and male clusters of the network. This analytical framework can serve to develop a more complete explanation of social structure in species with high levels of fission–fusion dynamics. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0340-5443 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5220 |
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| Author |
Schino, G.; Aureli, F. |
| Title |
Reciprocity in group-living animals: partner control versus partner choice |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biological Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Rev |
| Volume |
92 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
665-672 |
| Keywords |
cooperation; reciprocity; partner control; partner choice; proximate mechanisms |
| Abstract |
ABSTRACT Reciprocity is probably the most debated of the evolutionary explanations for cooperation. Part of the confusion surrounding this debate stems from a failure to note that two different processes can result in reciprocity: partner control and partner choice. We suggest that the common observation that group-living animals direct their cooperative behaviours preferentially to those individuals from which they receive most cooperation is to be interpreted as the result of the sum of the two separate processes of partner control and partner choice. We review evidence that partner choice is the prevalent process in primates and propose explanations for this pattern. We make predictions that highlight the need for studies that separate the effects of partner control and partner choice in a broader variety of group-living taxa. |
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Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) |
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1464-7931 |
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doi: 10.1111/brv.12248 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6411 |
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| Author |
Zabel, C. J.; Glickman, S. E.; Frank, L. G.; Woodmansee, K. B.; Keppel, G. |
| Title |
Coalition formation in a colony of prepubertal spotted hyaenas |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals |
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Issue |
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Pages |
113–135 |
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Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5232 |
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| Author |
Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G., Freeman, L.C. |
| Title |
Ucinet for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
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| Publisher |
Analytic Technologies |
Place of Publication |
Harvard, MA |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5239 |
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| Author |
Reebs, S.G. |
| Title |
Can a minority of informed leaders determine the foraging movements of a fish shoal? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
59 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
403-409 |
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| Abstract |
There is no information on whether the daily foraging movements of fish shoals are the result of chance, the collective will of all shoalmates, or the leadership of a few individuals. This study tested the latter possibility. Shoals of 12 golden shiners, Notemigonus crysoleucas, were trained to expect food around midday in one of the brightly lit corners of their tank. They displayed daily food-anticipatory activity by leaving the shady area of their tank and spending more and more time in the food corner up to the normal time of feeding. Past this normal time they remained in the shade, even on test days when no food was delivered. Most of these experienced individuals were then replaced by naïve ones. The resulting ratio of experienced:naïve fish could be 5:7, 3:9 or 1:11. On their own, naïve individuals would normally spend the whole day in the shade, but in all tests the experienced individual(s) were able to entrain these more numerous naïve fish out of the shade and into the brightly lit food corner at the right time of day. Entrainment was stronger in the 5:7 than in the 1:11 experiment. The test shoals never split up and were always led by the same fish, presumably the experienced individuals. These results indicate that in a strongly gregarious species, such as the golden shiner, a minority of informed individuals can lead a shoal to food, either through social facilitation of foraging movements or by eliciting following behaviour. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5255 |
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