Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database -- Query Results

	Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database Home \| Show All \| Simple Search \| Advanced Search	Login Quick Search: Field: contains: ...
	81-90 of 385 records found matching your query:

Search & Display Options

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >> [11–20]

List View

Citations

Details

	Records
	Author	Zentall, T.R.; Jackson-Smith, P.; Jagielo, J.A.; Nallan, G.B.
	Title	Categorical shape and color coding by pigeons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	12	Issue	2	Pages	153-159
	Keywords	Animals; Color Perception; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Form Perception; Generalization, Stimulus; Psychophysics; Transfer (Psychology)
	Abstract	Categorical coding is the tendency to respond similarly to discriminated stimuli. Past research indicates that pigeons can categorize colors according to at least three spectral regions. Two present experiments assessed the categorical coding of shapes and the existence of a higher order color category (all colors). Pigeons were trained on two independent tasks (matching-to-sample, and oddity-from-sample). One task involved red and a plus sign, the other a circle and green. On test trials one of the two comparison stimuli from one task was replaced by one of the stimuli from the other task. Differential performance based on which of the two stimuli from the other task was introduced suggested categorical coding rules. In Experiment 1 evidence for the categorical coding of sample shapes was found. Categorical color coding was also found; however, it was the comparison stimuli rather than the samples that were categorically coded. Experiment 2 replicated the categorical shape sample effect and ruled out the possibility that the particular colors used were responsible for the categorical coding of comparison stimuli. Overall, the results indicate that pigeons can develop categorical rules involving shapes and colors and that the color categories can be hierarchical.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3701264			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	262
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Urcuioli, P.J.; Zentall, T.R.
	Title	Retrospective coding in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	12	Issue	1	Pages	69-77
	Keywords	Animals; Color Perception; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Form Perception; Memory; Mental Recall; Orientation; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Retention (Psychology)
	Abstract	In this study we examined how coding processes in pigeons' delayed matching-to-sample were affected by the stimuli to be remembered. In Experiment 1, two groups of pigeons initially learned 0-delay matching-to-sample with identical comparison stimuli (vertical and horizontal lines) but with different sample stimuli (red and green hues or vertical and horizontal lines). Longer delays were then introduced between sample offset and comparison onset to assess whether pigeons were prospectively coding the same events (viz., the correct line comparisons) or retrospectively coding different events (viz., their respective sample stimuli). The hue-sample group matched more accurately and showed a slower rate of forgetting than the line-sample group. In Experiment 2, pigeons were trained with either hues or lines as both sample and comparison stimuli, or with hue samples and line comparisons or vice versa. Subsequent delay tests revealed that the hue-sample groups remembered more accurately and generally showed slower rates of forgetting than the line-sample groups. Comparison dimension had little or no effect on performance. Together, these data suggest that pigeons retrospectively code the samples in delayed matching-to-sample.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:3701260			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	263
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R.
	Title	Optimal stimulation: a model of disordered activity and performance in normal and deviant children			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication	Psychological bulletin	Abbreviated Journal	Psychol Bull
	Volume	94	Issue	3	Pages	446-471
	Keywords	Arousal; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology; Autistic Disorder/*psychology; Behavior Therapy; Child; Humans
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0033-2909	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6657825			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	264
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Nallan, G.B.; Pace, G.M.; McCoy, D.F.; Zentall, T.R.
	Title	The role of elicited responding in the feature-positive effect			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication	The American journal of psychology	Abbreviated Journal	Am J Psychol
	Volume	96	Issue	3	Pages	377-390
	Keywords	Animals; Color Perception; Columbidae; *Discrimination (Psychology); Male; Practice (Psychology); Reinforcement (Psychology); Time Factors
	Abstract	Hearst and Jenkins proposed in 1974 that elicited responding accounts for the feature-positive effect. To test this position, pigeons were exposed to a feature-positive or feature-negative discrimination between successively presented displays--one consisted of a red and a green response key and the other consisted of two green response keys. There were four main conditions: 5-5 (5-sec trials, 5-sec intertrial intervals), 5-30, 30-30, and 30-180. Conditions 5-30 and 30-180 should produce the largest amount of elicited responding, and therefore the largest feature-positive effects. A response-independent bird was yoked to each response-dependent bird to allow direct assessment of the amount of elicited responding generated by each condition. Contrary to the predictions by Hearst and Jenkins's theory, response-dependent birds showed large feature-positive effects in each condition. The largest feature-positive effect was obtained in condition 5-5. Response-independent birds produced similar results, but manifested low response rates.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-9556	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6650707			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	266
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R.; Barack, R.C.
	Title	Distraction as a function of within-task stimulation for hyperactive and normal children			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1978	Publication	Journal of learning disabilities	Abbreviated Journal	J Learn Disabil
	Volume	11	Issue	9	Pages	540-548
	Keywords	Attention; Child; Child, Preschool; Color Perception; Female; Humans; Hyperkinesis/psychology; Male; Motor Skills; *Task Performance and Analysis; Visual Perception
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-2194	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:731119			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	270
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Heitor, F.; do Mar Oom, M.; Vicente, L.
	Title	Social relationships in a herd of Sorraia horses Part I. Correlates of social dominance and contexts of aggression			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	73	Issue	2	Pages	170-177
	Keywords	Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Horses/psychology; Male; Sex Factors; Social Dominance; *Social Environment; Statistics, Nonparametric
	Abstract	Factors related to dominance rank and the functions of aggression were studied in a herd of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus, under extensive management. Subjects were 10 adult mares 5-18 years old and a stallion introduced into the group for breeding. Dominance relationships among mares were clear, irrespective of rank difference, and remained stable after introduction of the stallion. The dominance hierarchy was significantly linear and rank was positively correlated with age and total aggressiveness. Higher-ranking mares received lower frequency and intensity of agonistic interactions. Nevertheless, higher-ranking dominants were not more likely to elicit submission from their subordinates than lower-ranking dominants. Neither close-ranking mares nor mares with less clear dominance relationships were more aggressive towards each other. Agonistic interactions seemed to be used more importantly in regulation of space than to obtain access to food or to reassert dominance relationships. Contexts of aggression were related to mare rank. The results suggest that dominance relationships based on age as a conventional criterion were established to reduce aggressiveness in a herd where the costs of aggression are likely to outweigh the benefits.
	Address	Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-6357	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16815645			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	292
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Flack, J.C.; Girvan, M.; de Waal, F.B.M.; Krakauer, D.C.
	Title	Policing stabilizes construction of social niches in primates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	439	Issue	7075	Pages	426-429
	Keywords	Animals; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Macaca nemestrina/physiology/psychology; Male; Models, Biological; *Social Behavior
	Abstract	All organisms interact with their environment, and in doing so shape it, modifying resource availability. Termed niche construction, this process has been studied primarily at the ecological level with an emphasis on the consequences of construction across generations. We focus on the behavioural process of construction within a single generation, identifying the role a robustness mechanism--conflict management--has in promoting interactions that build social resource networks or social niches. Using 'knockout' experiments on a large, captive group of pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), we show that a policing function, performed infrequently by a small subset of individuals, significantly contributes to maintaining stable resource networks in the face of chronic perturbations that arise through conflict. When policing is absent, social niches destabilize, with group members building smaller, less diverse, and less integrated grooming, play, proximity and contact-sitting networks. Instability is quantified in terms of reduced mean degree, increased clustering, reduced reach, and increased assortativity. Policing not only controls conflict, we find it significantly influences the structure of networks that constitute essential social resources in gregarious primate societies. The structure of such networks plays a critical role in infant survivorship, emergence and spread of cooperative behaviour, social learning and cultural traditions.
	Address	Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA. jflack@santafe.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1476-4687	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16437106			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	298
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Silk, J.B.
	Title	The responses of female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) to anomalous social interactions: evidence for causal reasoning?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)	Abbreviated Journal	J Comp Psychol
	Volume	109	Issue	2	Pages	134-141
	Keywords	Animals; Attention; Auditory Perception; Awareness; Concept Formation; Dominance-Subordination; Fear; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Papio/psychology; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Vocalization, Animal
	Abstract	Baboons' (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) understanding of cause-effect relations in the context of social interactions was examined through use of a playback experiment. Under natural conditions, dominant female baboons often grunt to more subordinate mothers when interacting with their infants. Mothers occasionally respond to these grunts by uttering submissive fear barks. Subjects were played causally inconsistent call sequences in which a lower ranking female apparently grunted to a higher ranking female, and the higher ranking female apparently responded with fear barks. As a control, subjects heard a sequence made causally consistent by the inclusion of grunts from a 3rd female that was dominant to both of the others. Subjects responded significantly more strongly to the causally inconsistent sequences, suggesting that they recognized the factors that cause 1 individual to give submissive vocalizations to another.
	Address	Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0735-7036	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:7758289			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	348
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ottoni, E.B.; de Resende, B.D.; Izar, P.
	Title	Watching the best nutcrackers: what capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) know about others' tool-using skills			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Animal cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	8	Issue	4	Pages	215-219
	Keywords	Animals; Association Learning; Cebus/psychology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Nuts; Problem Solving
	Abstract	The present work is part of a decade-long study on the spontaneous use of stones for cracking hard-shelled nuts by a semi-free-ranging group of brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Nutcracking events are frequently watched by other individuals--usually younger, less proficient, and that are well tolerated to the point of some scrounging being allowed by the nutcracker. Here we report findings showing that the choice of observational targets is an active, non-random process, and that observers seem to have some understanding of the relative proficiency of their group mates, preferentially watching the more skilled nutcrackers, which enhances not only scrounging payoffs, but also social learning opportunities.
	Address	Laboratory of Cognitive Ethology, Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. ebottoni@usp.br
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15719240			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	355
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Skov-Rackette, S.I.; Miller, N.Y.; Shettleworth, S.J.
	Title	What-where-when memory in pigeons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	32	Issue	4	Pages	345-358
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Memory/physiology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Space Perception/physiology; Spatial Behavior/physiology; Teaching; Visual Perception/physiology
	Abstract	The authors report a novel approach to testing episodic-like memory for single events. Pigeons were trained in separate sessions to match the identity of a sample on a touch screen, to match its location, and to report on the length of the retention interval. When these 3 tasks were mixed randomly within sessions, birds were more than 80% correct on each task. However, performance on 2 different tests in succession after each sample was not consistent with an integrated memory for sample location, time, and identity. Experiment 2 tested binding of location and identity memories in 2 different ways. The results were again consistent with independent feature memories. Implications for tests of episodic-like memory are discussed.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17044738			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	357
Permanent link to this record

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >> [11–20]

Details

CQL Search | Library Search | Show Record | Extract Citations

Help