|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Pepperberg, I.M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
In search of king Solomon's ring: cognitive and communicative studies of Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Brain, behavior and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Behav Evol |
|
|
Volume |
59 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
54-67 |
|
|
Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Attention/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Cues; Form Perception/physiology; Humans; Intelligence; Learning/physiology; Male; Models, Psychological; Parrots/*physiology; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Reward; Social Behavior |
|
|
Abstract |
During the past 24 years, I have used a modeling technique (M/R procedure) to train Grey parrots to use an allospecific code (English speech) referentially; I then use the code to test their cognitive abilities. The oldest bird, Alex, labels more than 50 different objects, 7 colors, 5 shapes, quantities to 6, 3 categories (color, shape, material) and uses 'no', 'come here', wanna go X' and 'want Y' (X and Y are appropriate location or item labels). He combines labels to identify, request, comment upon or refuse more than 100 items and to alter his environment. He processes queries to judge category, relative size, quantity, presence or absence of similarity/difference in attributes, and show label comprehension. He semantically separates labeling from requesting. He thus exhibits capacities once presumed limited to humans or nonhuman primates. Studies on this and other Greys show that parrots given training that lacks some aspect of input present in M/R protocols (reference, functionality, social interaction) fail to acquire referential English speech. Examining how input affects the extent to which parrots acquire an allospecific code may elucidate mechanisms of other forms of exceptional learning: learning unlikely in the normal course of development but that can occur under certain conditions. |
|
|
Address |
The MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, USA. impepper@media.mit.edu |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0006-8977 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12097860 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
579 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Drent, P.J.; van Oers, K.; van Noordwijk, A.J. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Realized heritability of personalities in the great tit (Parus major) |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
|
|
Volume |
270 |
Issue |
1510 |
Pages |
45-51 |
|
|
Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Exploratory Behavior; Female; *Heredity; Male; Selection (Genetics); Songbirds/*genetics/*physiology; Variation (Genetics) |
|
|
Abstract |
Behaviour under conditions of mild stress shows consistent patterns in all vertebrates: exploratory behaviour, boldness, aggressiveness covary in the same way. The existence of highly consistent individual variation in these behavioural strategies, also referred to as personalities or coping styles, allows us to measure the behaviour under standardized conditions on birds bred in captivity, link the standardized measurements to the behaviour under natural conditions and measure natural selection in the field. We have bred the great tit (Parus major), a classical model species for the study of behaviour under natural conditions, in captivity. Here, we report a realized heritability of 54 +/- 5% for early exploratory behaviour, based on four generations of bi-directional artificial selection. In addition to this, we measured hand-reared juveniles and their wild-caught parents in the laboratory. The heritability found in the mid-offspring-mid-parent regression was significantly different from zero. We have thus established the presence of considerable amounts of genetic variation for personality types in a wild bird. |
|
|
Address |
Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands. drent@cto.nioo.knaw.nl |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0962-8452 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12590770 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
591 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Hare, B.; Plyusnina, I.; Ignacio, N.; Schepina, O.; Stepika, A.; Wrangham, R.; Trut, L. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Social cognitive evolution in captive foxes is a correlated by-product of experimental domestication |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Current biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
|
|
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
226-230 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; Cognition/*physiology; *Cues; *Evolution; Foxes/*physiology; *Selection (Genetics); Social Behavior; Species Specificity |
|
|
Abstract |
Dogs have an unusual ability for reading human communicative gestures (e.g., pointing) in comparison to either nonhuman primates (including chimpanzees) or wolves . Although this unusual communicative ability seems to have evolved during domestication , it is unclear whether this evolution occurred as a result of direct selection for this ability, as previously hypothesized , or as a correlated by-product of selection against fear and aggression toward humans--as is the case with a number of morphological and physiological changes associated with domestication . We show here that fox kits from an experimental population selectively bred over 45 years to approach humans fearlessly and nonaggressively (i.e., experimentally domesticated) are not only as skillful as dog puppies in using human gestures but are also more skilled than fox kits from a second, control population not bred for tame behavior (critically, neither population of foxes was ever bred or tested for their ability to use human gestures) . These results suggest that sociocognitive evolution has occurred in the experimental foxes, and possibly domestic dogs, as a correlated by-product of selection on systems mediating fear and aggression, and it is likely the observed social cognitive evolution did not require direct selection for improved social cognitive ability. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. hare@eva.mpg.de |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0960-9822 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:15694305 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
594 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
The domestication of social cognition in dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
|
|
Volume |
298 |
Issue |
5598 |
Pages |
1634-1636 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Cues; *Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves |
|
|
Abstract |
Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1095-9203 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:12446914 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
595 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Brauer, J.; Kaminski, J.; Riedel, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Making inferences about the location of hidden food: social dog, causal ape |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
|
|
Volume |
120 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
38-47 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Communication; Cues; Dogs; Exploratory Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Food; Male; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; *Visual Perception |
|
|
Abstract |
Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and great apes from the genus Pan were tested on a series of object choice tasks. In each task, the location of hidden food was indicated for subjects by some kind of communicative, behavioral, or physical cue. On the basis of differences in the ecologies of these 2 genera, as well as on previous research, the authors hypothesized that dogs should be especially skillful in using human communicative cues such as the pointing gesture, whereas apes should be especially skillful in using physical, causal cues such as food in a cup making noise when it is shaken. The overall pattern of performance by the 2 genera strongly supported this social-dog, causal-ape hypothesis. This result is discussed in terms of apes' adaptations for complex, extractive foraging and dogs' adaptations, during the domestication process, for cooperative communication with humans. |
|
|
Address |
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. jbraeuer@eva.mpg.de |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. : 1983 |
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:16551163 |
Approved |
yes |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
597 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Weeks, J.W.; Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Heusner, G. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Preliminary study of the development of the Flehmen response in Equus caballus |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
|
|
Volume |
78 |
Issue |
2-4 |
Pages |
329-335 |
|
|
Keywords |
Horse behavior; Flehmen; Foal development |
|
|
Abstract |
The flehmen response is commonly seen in most ungulates as well as in several other species (e.g. felids). The behavior is most often thought to be part of the sexual behavioral repertoire of males. One reigning hypothesis suggests that this behavior allows the male to determine the estrous state of a female through the chemosensory functions of the vomeronasal organ. However, females and young of both sexes also exhibit this behavior. Horse foals most frequently show the flehmen response during their first month of life with colts showing the behavior more often than fillies. This study tested the flehmen response on male and female foals throughout their pre-pubertal period. Foals were separately presented estrous and non-estrous urine weekly during the first month of life and then monthly until they were approximately 7 months of age. No significant differences were found between male and female foals for the following variables: latency to flehmen, duration of flehmen, frequency of flehmen and sniffs. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
615 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Morton, D.B. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Self-consciousness and animal suffering |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Biologist (London, England) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biologist (London) |
|
|
Volume |
47 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
77-80 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animal Welfare/*standards; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Consciousness; Dogs; *Ego; Horses/psychology; Pain/psychology/*veterinary; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Parrots; Pongo pygmaeus/psychology; Self Concept |
|
|
Abstract |
Animals with relatively highly developed brains are likely to experience some degree of self-awareness and the ability to think. As well as being interesting in its own right, self-consciousness matters from an ethical point of view, since it can give rise to forms of suffering above and beyond the immediate physical sensations of pain or distress. This article surveys the evidence for animal self-consciousness and its implications for animal welfare. |
|
|
Address |
Division of Primary Care, Public and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. d.b.morton@bham.ac.uk |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0006-3347 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:11190233 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
618 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Boyd, L. |
|
|
Title |
Behavior problems of equids in zoos |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
|
|
Volume |
2 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
653-664 |
|
|
Keywords |
Aerophagy/veterinary; Aggression/psychology; Animals; *Animals, Zoo; *Behavior, Animal; Coprophagia/psychology; Female; *Horses; Impotence/veterinary; Male; Mastication; Motor Activity; *Perissodactyla; Pregnancy; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Environment |
|
|
Abstract |
Behavior problems in zoo equids commonly result from a failure to provide for needs basic to equine nature. Equids are gregarious, and failure to provide companions may result in pacing. Wild equids spend 60 to 70 per cent of their time grazing, and failure to provide ad libitum roughage contributes to the problems of pacing, cribbing, wood chewing, and coprophagia. Mimicking the normal processes of juvenile dispersal, bachelor-herd formation, and mate acquisition reduces the likelihood of agonistic and reproductive behavior problems. Infanticide can be avoided by introducing new stallions to herds containing only nonpregnant mares and older foals. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0749-0739 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:3492252 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
660 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P. |
|
|
Title |
Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
|
|
Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
202-216 |
|
|
Keywords |
Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior |
|
|
Abstract |
Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0044-3573 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:961125 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
661 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
|
|
Title |
Grooming, alliances and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
|
Volume |
308 |
Issue |
5959 |
Pages |
541-543 |
|
|
Keywords |
*Altruism; Animals; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; *Grooming; *Social Behavior; Vocalization, Animal |
|
|
Abstract |
Reciprocal altruism refers to the exchange of beneficial acts between individuals, in which the benefits to the recipient exceed the cost to the altruist. Theory predicts that cooperation among unrelated animals can occur whenever individuals encounter each other regularly and are capable of adjusting their cooperative behaviour according to experience. Although the potential for reciprocal altruism exists in many animal societies, most interactions occur between closely related individuals, and examples of reciprocity among non-kin are rare. The field experiments on vervet monkeys which we present here demonstrate that grooming between unrelated individuals increases the probability that they will subsequently attend to each others' solicitations for aid. Vervets appear to be more willing to aid unrelated individuals if those individuals have behaved affinitively toward them in the recent past. In contrast, recent grooming between close genetic relatives appears to have no effect on their willingness to respond to each other's solicitations for aid. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:6709060 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
704 |
|
Permanent link to this record |