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Author Sol, D.; Duncan, R.P.; Blackburn, T.M.; Cassey, P.; Lefebvre, L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Big brains, enhanced cognition, and response of birds to novel environments Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.  
  Volume 102 Issue 15 Pages 5460-5465  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The widely held hypothesis that enlarged brains have evolved as an adaptation to cope with novel or altered environmental conditions lacks firm empirical support. Here, we test this hypothesis for a major animal group (birds) by examining whether large-brained species show higher survival than small-brained species when introduced to nonnative locations. Using a global database documenting the outcome of >600 introduction events, we confirm that avian species with larger brains, relative to their body mass, tend to be more successful at establishing themselves in novel environments. Moreover, we provide evidence that larger brains help birds respond to novel conditions by enhancing their innovation propensity rather than indirectly through noncognitive mechanisms. These findings provide strong evidence for the hypothesis that enlarged brains function, and hence may have evolved, to deal with changes in the environment.  
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  Notes 10.1073/pnas.0408145102 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4739  
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Author Landaeta-Hernández, A. J.; Chenoweth, P. J.; Randles, R.; Littell, R.; Rae, O.; Chase, C. C. url  openurl
  Title Identifying the social dominance order in a mixed breed herd: a practical methodology Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Revista Científica Abbreviated Journal Revista Científica  
  Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 148-154  
  Keywords Cattle, behavior, social organization  
  Abstract The major objective of this study was to identify a simple and accurate method of assessing differences in female social status. Three methods of estimating dominance value (DV) were compared in beef cows of three breed-types; Angus (A; n=10), Brahman (B; n=10), and Senepol (S; n=10). Cows were equitably assigned to two groups of fifteen each, allocated into separate pastures and containing equal number of animals by breed. Agonistic interactions were recorded for 45 d of study, in two 1 h periods during concentrate feeding using the method of competitive orders winner/loser. Methods of estimating DV included: I) Ratio between individuals dominated and total encountered, II) Ratio between encounters won to total encounters, III) Proportion of individuals dominated to total herdmates. Due to the different level of interactivity evidenced among animals as well as between and within social orders, method III with subsequent arc-sin transformation was considered as the most practical and accurate method for estimating DV and subsequent allocation of cows into a social dominance order. In addition, a breed effect was found on social dominance. Senepol cows obtained greater DV`s (1.24 ± 0.08) than Angus (0.97 ± 0.08; P<0.03) and Brahman cows (0.76 ± 0.08; P<0.005).  
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  ISSN 0798-2259 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4753  
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Author Conradt, L.; Roper, T.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Consensus decision making in animals Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution (Personal Edition) Abbreviated Journal Trends Ecol Evol  
  Volume 20 Issue 8 Pages 449-456  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Individual animals routinely face decisions that are crucial to their fitness. In social species, however, many of these decisions need to be made jointly with other group members because the group will split apart unless a consensus is reached. Here, we review empirical and theoretical studies of consensus decision making, and place them in a coherent framework. In particular, we classify consensus decisions according to the degree to which they involve conflict of interest between group members, and whether they involve either local or global communication; we ask, for different categories of consensus decision, who makes the decision, what are the underlying mechanisms, and what are the functional consequences. We conclude that consensus decision making is common in non-human animals, and that cooperation between group members in the decision-making process is likely to be the norm, even when the decision involves significant conflict of interest.  
  Address Department of Biology and Environmental Science, John Maynard Smith Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, BN1 9QG. L.Conradt@sussex.ac.uk  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16701416 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4802  
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Author Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J.; Franks, N.R.; Levin, S.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 433 Issue 7025 Pages 513-516  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 10.1038/nature03236 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4827  
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Author Cooper, J.J.; Albentosa, M.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Behavioural adaptation in the domestic horse: potential role of apparently abnormal responses including stereotypic behaviour Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Livestock Production Science Abbreviated Journal Livest. Prod. Sci.  
  Volume 92 Issue 2 Pages 177-182  
  Keywords Behavioural adaptation; Horse; Stereotypic behaviour  
  Abstract Classically, biologists have considered adaptation of behavioural characteristics in terms of long-term functional benefits to the individual, such as survival or reproductive fitness. In captive species, including the domestic horse, this level of explanation is limited, as for the most part, horses are housed in conditions that differ markedly from those in which they evolved. In addition, an individual horse's reproductive fitness is largely determined by man rather than its own behavioural strategies. Perhaps for reasons of this kind, explanations of behavioural adaptation to environmental challenges by domestic animals, including the capacity to learn new responses to these challenges, tend to concentrate on the proximate causes of behaviour. However, understanding the original function of these adaptive responses can help us explain why animals perform apparently novel or functionless activities in certain housing conditions and may help us to appreciate what the animal welfare implications might be. This paper reviews the behavioural adaptation of the domestic horse to captivity and discusses how apparently abnormal behaviour may not only provide a useful practical indicator of specific environmental deficiencies but may also serve the animal as an adaptive response to these deficiencies in an “abnormal” environment.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0301-6226 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4829  
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Author Gácsi, M; Györi, B; Miklósi, Á; Virányi, Z; Kubinyi, E; Topál,J; Csányi, V doi  openurl
  Title Species-specific differences and similarities in the behavior of hand-raised dog and wolf pups in social situations with humans Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Developmental Psychobiology Abbreviated Journal Dev Psychobiol  
  Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 111-122  
  Keywords hand-raising • domestication • inborn social preferences • communicative signals • dog • wolf  
  Abstract In order to reveal early species-specific differences, we observed the behavior of dog puppies (n = 11) and wolf pups (n = 13) hand raised and intensively socialized in an identical way. The pups were studied in two object-preference tests at age 3, 4, and 5 weeks. After a short isolation, we observed the subjects' behavior in the presence of a pair of objects, one was always the subject's human foster parent (caregiver) and the other was varied; nursing bottle (3 weeks), unfamiliar adult dog (3 and 5 weeks), unfamiliar experimenter (4 and 5 weeks), and familiar conspecific age mate (4 weeks). Dogs and wolves did not differ in their general activity level during the tests. Wolf pups showed preference for the proximity of the caregiver in two of the tests; Bottle-Caregiver at the age of 3 weeks and Experimenter-Caregiver at the age of 5 weeks, while dogs showed preference to the caregiver in three tests; conspecific Pup-Caregiver and Experimenter-Caregiver at the age of 4 weeks and dog-caregiver at the age of 5. Compared to wolves, dogs tended to display more communicative signals that could potentially facilitate social interactions, such as distress vocalization, tail wagging, and gazing at the humans' face. In contrast to dog puppies, wolf pups showed aggressive behavior toward a familiar experimenter and also seemed to be more prone to avoidance. Our results demonstrate that already at this early age - despite unprecedented intensity of socialization and the comparable social (human) environment during early development - there are specific behavioral differences between wolves and dogs mostly with regard to their interactions with humans. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 47 – 111-122, 2005.  
  Address Department of Ethology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Pázmány P. 1/c. 1117 Hungary; Comparative Ethology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Pázmány P. 1/c. 1117 Hungary  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (up) Place of Publication Copyright © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4985  
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Author Parr, L.A.; Waller, B.M.; Fugate, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Emotional communication in primates: implications for neurobiology Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Current Opinion in Neurobiology Abbreviated Journal Curr. Opin. Neurobiol.  
  Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 716-720  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The social brain hypothesis proposes that large neocortex size in Homonoids evolved to cope with the increasing demands of complex group living and greater numbers of interindividual relationships. Group living requires that individuals communicate effectively about environmental and internal events. Recent data have highlighted the complexity of chimpanzee communication, including graded facial expressions and referential vocalizations. Among Hominoids, elaborate facial communication is accompanied by specializations in brain areas controlling facial movement. Finally, the evolution of empathy, or emotional awareness, might have a neural basis in specialized cells in the neocortex, that is, spindle cells that have been associated with self-conscious emotions, and mirror neurons that have recently been shown to activate in response to communicative facial gestures.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0959-4388 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5059  
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Author Momozawa, Y.; Kusunose, R.; Kikusui, T.; Takeuchi, Y.; Mori, Y. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Assessment of equine temperament questionnaire by comparing factor structure between two separate surveys Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 92 Issue 1-2 Pages 77-84  
  Keywords Anxiety; Factor analysis; Horses; Questionnaires; Temperament  
  Abstract To establish a method for assessing equine temperament by use of a questionnaire, we carried out two surveys. The subject animals were all thoroughbreds maintained at the same farm. Respondents were the primary caretaker and two colleagues working with each horse. Factor analysis was performed on the responses to each survey. In both surveys, five factors were extracted and four of them were common between the two surveys. The common factors were [`]Anxiety', [`]Trainability', [`]Affability', and [`]Gate entrance'. There were sufficient internal consistencies in responses about [`]Anxiety', [`]Trainability', and [`]Affability' in the two surveys to indicate the validity of this questionnaire in evaluating these factors in equine temperament.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5063  
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Author Stürmer, K. openurl 
  Title Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Fütterung auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt bei Ponys Type Manuscript
  Year 2005 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In der praktischen Pferdefütterung kommen regelmäßig Substanzen zum Einsatz, die

einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt ausüben. Andererseits können

Manipulationen des Säure-Basen-Haushaltes in der Diätetik erwünscht sein, z.B. bei

Harnsteinen oder hyperkaliämischer periodischer Paralyse. Verschiebungen im Säure-

Basen-Gleichgewicht treten – unabhängig von der Fütterung – außerdem bei starker

körperlicher Aktivität auf, eine eventuelle Prophylaxe durch die Ernährung wird

ebenfalls diskutiert. Der Einfluss der Fütterung auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt ist beim

Pferd bisher nur wenig und nicht systematisch untersucht, während sich viele Arbeiten

mit dem Effekt körperlicher Belastung beschäftigen. Analogieschlüsse zu anderen

Spezies müssen äußerst vorsichtig betrachtet werden, da die Absorption von am Säure-

Basen-Haushalt beteiligten Substanzen beim Pferd Unterschiede zu anderen Spezies

aufweist (Meyer, 1982).

In der vorliegenden Untersuchung sollte daher der Effekt von verschiedenen Chloriden

(Natriumchlorid, Kalziumchlorid, Ammoniumchlorid) auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt bei

Ponys geprüft werden. In den ersten Versuchsdurchgängen wurden für Kleinpferde im

Erhaltungsstoffwechsel für diesen Zweck Rationen mit sehr hohen Heuanteilen

verwendet. Trotz hoher Dosen des bei verschiedenen Spezies stark säuernden

Ammoniumchlorids traten bei den Ponys nur relativ kleine Effekte auf. Bei der weiteren

Durchsicht des Schrifttums fiel auf, dass Einzelbeobachtungen zu stark säuernden

Effekten nur bei Rationen mit hohem Anteil an Kraftfutter und geringem Anteil an

Rauhfutter auftraten. Daher wurde der Effekt von Ammoniumchlorid auf einer stark

kraftfutterhaltigen Ration nochmals überprüft.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5162  
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Author Hedberg, Y.; Dalin, A.-M.; Ohagen, P.; Holm, K.R.; Kindahl, H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Effect of oestrous-cycle stage on the response of mares in a novel object test and isolation test Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Reproduction in Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene Abbreviated Journal Reprod Domest Anim  
  Volume 40 Issue 5 Pages 480-488  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cross-Over Studies; Diestrus/*physiology; Estrus/*physiology; Female; Heart Rate/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Questionnaires  
  Abstract In various species, sex, hormonal treatments and oestrous-cycle stage have been shown to affect the animal's response in behavioural tests. Few such studies have been performed in the horse. The main aim of the present study was to investigate whether oestrous-cycle stage affects mares' response to a novel object test and isolation test and, in part, to study whether mares, assumed to suffer from oestrous-related behavioural problems, respond differently in these tests when compared with controls. Twelve mares were tested twice, in oestrus and dioestrus, in a crossover design. Seven behavioural and two heart rate variables were measured for the novel object test and two heart rate variables for the isolation test. Oestrous-cycle stage and whether a mare was classified as a 'problem' mare did not affect the mare's response. However, test order, i.e. the cycle stage a mare was tested in first, affected its reaction. This effect could partly be explained by significant differences between test occasions 1 and 2 in three behavioural variables and one heart rate variable (p < 0.05) in the novel object test. The mares explored the novel object more and had a higher mean heart rate in the first test. Exploring the novel object more could largely be attributed to those mares tested in dioestrus first, perhaps indicating that the mares in oestrus were less receptive to the novel object. The reason for the differences between test occasions could be an effect of learning or habituation.  
  Address Division of Comparative Reproduction, Obstetrics and Udder Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. ylva.hedberg@kv.slu.se  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0936-6768 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16149956 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5170  
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