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Author Pusey, A.E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 2 Issue 10 Pages 295-299  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Sex differences in dispersal distance are widespread in birds and mammals, but the predominantly dispersing sex differs consistently between the classes. There has been persistent debate over the relative importance of two factors -- intrasexual competition and inbreeding avoidance -- in producing sex-biased dispersal, and over the sources of the difference in dispersal patterns between the two classes. Recent studies cast new light on these questions.  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5326  
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Author Dingemanse, N.J.; de Goede, P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The relation between dominance and exploratory behavior is context-dependent in wild great tits Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 1023-1030  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Individual differences in personality affect behavior in novel or challenging situations. Personality traits may be subject to selection because they affect the ability to dominate others. We investigated whether dominance rank at feeding tables in winter correlated with a heritable personality trait (as measured by exploratory behavior in a novel environment) in a natural population of great tits, Parus major. We provided clumped resources at feeding tables and calculated linear dominance hierarchies on the basis of observations between dyads of color-ringed individuals, and we used an experimental procedure to measure individual exploratory behavior of these birds. We show that fast-exploring territorial males had higher dominance ranks than did slow-exploring territorial males in two out of three samples, and that dominance related negatively to the distance between the site of observation and the territory. In contrast, fast-exploring nonterritorial juveniles had lower dominance ranks than did slow-exploring nonterritorial juveniles, implying that the relation between dominance and personality is context-dependent in the wild. We discuss how these patterns in dominance can explain earlier reported effects of avian personality on natal dispersal and fitness.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5390  
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Author Hildenbrandt, H.; Carere, C.; Hemelrijk, C.K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Self-organized aerial displays of thousands of starlings: a model Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume 21 Issue 6 Pages 1349-1359  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Through combining theoretical models and empirical data, complexity science has increased our understanding of social behavior of animals, in particular of social insects, primates, and fish. What are missing are studies of collective behavior of huge swarms of birds. Recently detailed empirical data have been collected of the swarming maneuvers of large flocks of thousands of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) at their communal sleeping site (roost). Their flocking maneuvers are of dazzling complexity in their changes in density and flock shape, but the processes underlying them are still a mystery. Recent models show that flocking may arise by self-organization from rules of co-ordination with nearby neighbors, but patterns in these models come nowhere near the complexity of those of the real starlings. The question of this paper, therefore, is whether such complex patterns can emerge by self-organization. In our computer model, called StarDisplay, we combine the usual rules of co-ordination based on separation, attraction, and alignment with specifics of starling behavior: 1) simplified aerodynamics of flight, especially rolling during turning, 2) movement above a “roosting area” (sleeping site), and 3) the low fixed number of interaction neighbors (i.e., the topological range). Our model generates patterns that resemble remarkably not only qualitative but also quantitative empirical data collected in Rome through video recordings and position measurements by stereo photography. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying complex flocking maneuvers of starlings and other birds.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5403  
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Author Connor, R.C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Altruism among non-relatives: alternatives to the 'Prisoner's Dilemma' Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends Ecol Evol  
  Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 84-86  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Triver's model of reciprocal altruism, and its descendants based on the Prisoner's Dilemma model, have dominated thinking about cooperation and altruism between non-relatives. However, there are three alternative models of altruism directed to non-relatives. These models, which are not based on the Prisoner's Dilemma, may explain a variety of phenomena, from allogrooming among impala to helping by non-relatives in cooperatively breeding birds and mammals.  
  Address Division of Biological Sciences and The Michigan Society of Fellows, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109, USA  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:21236964 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5407  
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Author Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S. openurl 
  Title A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Journal of Applled Ecology Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Ecol  
  Volume 33 Issue Pages 1561-1571  
  Keywords Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability.  
  Abstract 1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk

of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than

500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily

on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed

also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals.

2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich

leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has

been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the

latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant.

3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the

wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component

overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of

wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate

species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock.

4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local

abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local

and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly

negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey

in tlie diet decreased.

5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce

predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation

measures.
 
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6387  
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Author Ronnenberg, K.; Habbe, B.; Gräber, R.; Strauß, E.; Siebert, U. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Coexistence of wolves and humans in a densely populated region (Lower Saxony, Germany) Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Basic and Applied Ecology Abbreviated Journal Basic. Appl. Ecol.  
  Volume 25 Issue Pages 1-14  
  Keywords Grey wolf; ; Habitat use; Species distribution models; Predator-prey interactions  
  Abstract Since the first sporadic occurrences of grey wolves (Canis lupus) west of the Polish border in 1996, wolves have shown a rapid population recovery in Germany. Wolves are known to avoid people and wolf attacks on humans are very rare worldwide. However, the subjectively perceived threat is considerable, especially as food-conditioned habituation to humans occurs sporadically. Lower Saxony (Germany) has an exceedingly higher human population density than most other regions with territorial wolves; thus, the potential for human-wolf conflicts is higher. Using hunters' wildlife survey data from 455 municipalities and two years (2014-2015) and data from the official wolf monitoring (557 confirmed wolf presences and 500 background points) collected between 2012-2015, grey wolf habitat selection was modelled using generalized additive models with respect to human population density, road density, forest cover and roe deer density. Moreover, we tested whether habitat use changed in response to human population and road density between 2012/2013 and 2014/2015. Wolves showed a preference for areas of low road density. Human population density was less important as a covariate in the model of the survey data. Areas with higher prey abundance (5-10 roe deer/km2) and areas with >20% forest cover were preferred wolf habitats. Wolves were mostly restricted to areas with the lowest road and human population densities. However, between the two time periods, avoidance of human density decreased significantly. Recolonization of Germany is still in its early stages and it is unclear where this process will halt. To-date authorities mainly concentrate on monitoring measures. However, to avoid conflict, recolonization will require more stringent management of wolf populations and an improved information strategy for rural populations.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1439-1791 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6397  
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Author Preiszner, B.; Vincze, E.; Seress, G.; Papp, S.; Bókony, V.; Liker, A.; Lendvai, Á.Z.; Patras, L.; Pap, P.L.; Vágási, C.I.; Németh, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Necessity or capacity? Physiological state predicts problem-solving performance in house sparrows Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 124-135  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Innovative behaviors such as exploiting novel food sources can grant significant fitness benefits for animals, yet little is known about the mechanisms driving such phenomena, and the role of physiology is virtually unexplored in wild species. Two hypotheses predict opposing effects of physiological state on innovation success. On one hand, poor physiological condition may promote innovations by forcing individuals with poor competitive abilities to invent alternative solutions. On the other hand, superior physiological condition may ensure greater cognitive capacity and thereby better problem-solving and learning performance. To test these hypotheses, we studied the behavior of wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in 4 novel tasks of food acquisition, one of which was presented to the birds in repeated trials, and we investigated the relationships of individual performance with relevant physiological traits. We found that problem-solving performance across the 4 tasks was moderately consistent within individuals. Birds with lower integrated levels of corticosterone, the main avian stress hormone, solved the most difficult task faster and were more efficient learners in the repeated task than birds with higher corticosterone levels. Birds with higher concentration of total glutathione, a key antioxidant, solved 2 relatively easy tasks faster, whereas birds with fewer coccidian parasites tended to solve the difficult task more quickly. Our results, thus, indicate that aspects of physiological state influence problem-solving performance in a context-dependent manner, and these effects on problem-solving capacity, probably including cognitive abilities, are more likely to drive individual innovation success than necessity due to poor condition.  
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  ISSN 1045-2249 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6552  
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Author Nakagawa, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal beheco  
  Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 1044-1045  
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  ISSN 1045-2249 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6560  
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Author Taberlet, P.; Waits, L.P.; Luikart, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Noninvasive genetic sampling: look before you leap Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 323-327  
  Keywords Hairs; Feces; Feathers; Allelic dropout; Individual identification; Conservation genetics; Behavioural ecology; Pilot study; Microsatellites; Probability of identity  
  Abstract Noninvasive sampling allows genetic studies of free-ranging animals without the need to capture or even observe them, and thus allows questions to be addressed that cannot be answered using conventional methods. Initially, this sampling strategy promised to exploit fully the existing DNA-based technology for studies in ethology, conservation biology and population genetics. However, recent work now indicates the need for a more cautious approach, which includes quantifying the genotyping error rate. Despite this, many of the difficulties of noninvasive sampling will probably be overcome with improved methodology.  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6573  
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Author Bruns, A.; Waltert, M.; Khorozyan, I. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The effectiveness of livestock protection measures against wolves (Canis lupus) and implications for their co-existence with humans Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Global Ecology and Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue Pages e00868  
  Keywords Carnivore; Depredation; Efficiency; Germany; Intervention; Predator  
  Abstract Wolves (Canis lupus) can kill domestic livestock resulting in intense conflicts with humans. Damage to livestock should be reduced to facilitate human-wolf coexistence and ensure positive outcomes of conservation efforts. Current knowledge on the effectiveness of livestock protection measures from wolves is limited and scattered in the literature. In this study, we compiled a dataset of 30 cases describing the application of 11 measures of protecting cattle and smaller livestock against wolves, estimated their effectiveness as a relative risk of damage, and identified the best measures for damage reduction. We found that: (1) lethal control and translocation were less effective than other measures, (2) deterrents, especially fladry which is a fence with ropes marked by hanging colored flags that sway in the wind and provide a visual warning signal, were more effective than guarding dogs; (3) deterrents, fencing, calving control and herding were very effective, but the last two measures included only one case each; and (4) protection of cattle was more effective than that of small stock (sheep and goats, or sheep only) and mixed cattle and small stock. In all of these cases, the relative risk of damage was reduced by 50-100%. Considering Germany as an example of a country with a recovering wolf population and escalating human-wolf conflicts, we suggest electric fences and electrified fladry as the most promising measures, which under suitable conditions can be accompanied by well-trained livestock guarding dogs, and the temporary use of deterrents during critical periods such as calving and lambing seasons. Further research in this field is of paramount importance to efficiently mitigate human-wolf conflicts.  
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  ISSN 2351-9894 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6641  
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