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Author Turner, J.W.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. openurl 
  Title Androgens, behaviour and fertility control in feral stallions Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil Suppl  
  Volume 32 Issue Pages 79-87  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild; Copulation/drug effects; Female; *Fertility/drug effects; Horses/*physiology; Male; Periodicity; Pregnancy; Seasons; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Sexual Maturation; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility/drug effects; Testosterone/*blood/pharmacology  
  Abstract This field study of feral stallions in Montana and Idaho examines and correlates the seasonal pattern of plasma androgens and specific sociosexual behaviour and reports the effect of a long-acting androgenic steroid on this behaviour and on fertility. Plasma testosterone was measured by competitive protein binding assay in samples obtained by jugular venepuncture from captured animals. In samples taken from 34 sexually mature stallions in 6 different months during the year, a definite seasonal pattern in testosterone was present, with a peak in May (3.04 +/- 0.63 ng/ml) and a nadir in December (1.55 +/- 0.34 ng/ml). Values were less than 2.0 ng/ml in non-breeding months and greater than 2.4 ng/ml in breeding months. Behavioural endpoints measured were (1) stallion scent marking in response to elimination by mares (elimination marking), (2) mounting and (3) copulation. The frequencies of each of these endpoints followed closely the seasonal pattern seen for plasma androgens. In the fertility study microcapsulated testosterone propionate (microTP) was administered i.m. to 10 harem stud stallions 3 months before the 1980 breeding season. In these stallions and in 10 control harem studs, the above behavioural endpoints were examined in the 1980 and 1981 breeding seasons, and foal counts were made in 1981. There were no direct inhibitory or stimulatory effects of microTP treatment on any of the behavioural endpoints in either year. In 1981 foals were produced in 87.5% of the control bands and 28.4% of the microTP-treated bands. These results indicate that microencapsulated testosterone propionate can provide effective fertility control in feral horses without causing significant alterations in sociosexual behaviour.  
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  ISSN 0449-3087 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:6962905 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 138  
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Author Turner, J.W.J.; Liu, I.K.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. openurl 
  Title Remotely delivered immunocontraception in free-roaming feral burros (Equus asinus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Journal of reproduction and fertility Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil  
  Volume 107 Issue 1 Pages 31-35  
  Keywords Animals; *Animals, Wild; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/*veterinary; *Equidae; Feces/chemistry; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Swine; Zona Pellucida/immunology  
  Abstract Regulation of local overpopulations of free-roaming feral equids is in demand worldwide for ecological balance and habitat preservation. Contraceptive vaccines have proven effective in feral horses, which breed seasonally, but no data are available for equids such as the burro, which is reproductively active all year round. In the present study, 27 individually identified female feral burros (Equus asinus) roaming free in Virgin Islands National Park (St John, US Virgin Islands; Lesser Antilles) were remotely treated with pig zonae pellucidae (PZP) vaccine. Between January and May, 16 burros were darted with a 1 ml emulsion of PZP plus Freund's adjuvant. Ten to twelve months later each treated burro was given a single booster injection of PZP plus adjuvant to maintain contraception through a second year. Eleven adult untreated jennies served as controls. Beginning one year after initial vaccination, these burros were monitored for pregnancy and foal production. Collection of data to determine treatment effect was not begun until 12 months after initial treatment to ensure that pregnancies existing before vaccination were not included. Pregnancy was assessed using previously validated methods for steroid metabolite measurement in fresh faecal samples. None of the PZP-treated burros produced foals between 0 and 12 months after the last inoculation. One PZP-treated burro tested positive for pregnancy at 10 months after the final inoculation. During this same period, six of 11 untreated burros tested pregnancy-positive, and four were observed with foals. There was no difference in pregnancy rates among treated, control and randomly sampled jennies between 12 and 24 months after the last inoculation. The results demonstrate that, in free-roaming feral burros that are reproductively active all year round: (1) burros can be accessed for remotely delivered PZP vaccination; (2) PZP contraception is effective; (3) PZP contraception is reversible; and (4) pregnancy can be reliably detected by faecal steroid analysis.  
  Address Department of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699, USA  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8699431 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 144  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Liu, I.M.; Turner, J.W.J.; Naugle, R.; Keiper, R. openurl 
  Title Long-term effects of porcine zonae pellucidae immunocontraception on ovarian function in feral horses (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Journal of reproduction and fertility Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil  
  Volume 94 Issue 2 Pages 437-444  
  Keywords Animals; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; *Egg Proteins; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/urine; Female; Glycoproteins/*pharmacology; Horses/immunology/*physiology; *Membrane Glycoproteins; Ovary/drug effects/*physiology; Progesterone/metabolism; *Receptors, Cell Surface; Swine/immunology; Time Factors; Zona Pellucida/*immunology  
  Abstract Ten feral mares free-roaming in Maryland, USA, were inoculated with porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) protein before the breeding season for three consecutive years (1988-90). Ovarian function was monitored for 51 days during the peak of the breeding season after the third annual PZP inoculation, in seven of these mares and in four untreated control mares, by means of urinary oestrone conjugates and nonspecific progesterone metabolites. None of the ten inoculated mares became pregnant in 1990, compared with 55% of 20 control mares, which included two of the four monitored for ovarian function. Three of the untreated mares demonstrated apparent normal ovarian activity, characterized by preovulatory oestrogen peaks, concurrent progesterone nadirs at ovulation, breeding activity, and luteal-phase progesterone increases after ovulation. Two of the seven monitored PZP-treated mares demonstrated ovulatory cycles that did not result in conception. One was pregnant as a result of conception in 1989 and demonstrated a normal, late-gestation, endocrine profile. The remaining four PZP-treated mares revealed no evidence of ovulation, and urinary oestrogen concentrations were significantly depressed. The experiments indicated that (i) a third consecutive annual PZP booster inoculation is greater than 90% effective in preventing pregnancies in mares and (ii) three consecutive years of PZP treatment may interfere with normal ovarian function as shown by markedly depressed oestrogen secretion.  
  Address Deaconess Research Institute, Billings, MT 59102  
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  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:1317449 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 145  
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Author Niekerk Van Ch, A.W. openurl 
  Title Early embryonic development in the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert Suppl  
  Volume 23 Issue Pages 495-498  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1417  
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Author Penzhorn Bl, openurl 
  Title Reproductive characteristics of a free – ranging population of Cape mountin zebra Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert  
  Volume 73 Issue Pages 51-57  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1458  
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Author Penzhorn Bl, L.P. openurl 
  Title Comparisons of reproductive parameters of two Cape mountain zebra populations Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert Suppl  
  Volume 35 Issue Pages 661-663  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1462  
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Author Pickett Bw, V.J. openurl 
  Title Abnormalities of mating behaviour in domestic stallions Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert Suppl  
  Volume 23 Issue Pages 129-134  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1470  
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Author Rossdale Pd, S.R. openurl 
  Title The time of foaling of thoroughbred mares Type Journal Article
  Year 1967 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 342-343  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1521  
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Author Short Rv, openurl 
  Title The evolution of the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert Suppl  
  Volume 23 Issue Pages 1-6  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1589  
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Author SUMMERS PM et al, openurl 
  Title Sucessful transfer of the embryos of Przewalski's horses and Grant's zebra to domestic mares Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert  
  Volume 80 Issue Pages 13-20  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1638  
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