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| Author | Klingel, H. | ||||
| Title | Das Verhalten der Pferde (Equidae) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | Publication | Handbook of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Handb. o. Zool. | |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 1-68 |
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Walter De Gruyter | Place of Publication | Berlin/Newyork | Editor | |
| Language | German English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 473 | ||
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| Author | de Villiers, M.S.; Richardson, P.R.K.; van Jaarsveld, A.S. | ||||
| Title | Patterns of coalition formation and spatial association in a social carnivore, the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | J Zool |
| Volume | 260 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 377-389 |
| Keywords | coalitions; social systems; Carnivora; Lycaon pictus | ||||
| Abstract | In many social species, relationships within groups seem to be non-random but related to variables such as rank, kinship or sexual attractiveness. The endangered African wild dog Lycaon pictus is a social carnivore that lives in large, stable packs, and intra-pack associations might be expected to display similar patterns. We investigated patterns of coalition formation (support during dominance interactions, and partnership interactions) and resting associations between members of a captive pack of 19 wild dogs. The social organization of the captive pack was similar to that of free-ranging packs in many respects. Polyadic (group) incidents of coalition support were also observed in a free-ranging pack. Patterns of coalition formation in the captive pack were related to rank. Most aggressive interactions involved high-ranking individuals (particularly the alpha, beta and third-ranking males) and coalitionary support tended to reinforce the existing hierarchy. However, there was at least one example of support influencing a successful rank challenge. Support was affected by potential risks and benefits, the latter including dominance through association and revolutionary alliances. An even stronger pattern overlaid associations between pack members: coalitions and resting associations were strongest between members of the same age–sex cohort, and may have enabled the eventual dominance of younger pack members over adults. Among adults, coalitionary associations were sometimes overridden by intersexual relationships. The results from this captive pack suggest that wild dogs are sensitive to differences in competitive ability. This information, in conjunction with strong affiliative bonds between littermates, is used to manoeuvre for position in the social hierarchy. It may also be important during dispersal, in encounters with other dispersing groups of the same sex. Although most features of the social structure of the captive pack were comparable to those of free-ranging packs, aspects such as the influence of relatedness on coalition formation still need to be explored. | ||||
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1469-7998 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5249 | ||
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| Author | Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Harvey, P.H. | ||||
| Title | Primates, brains and ecology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Zool. Lond. |
| Volume | 190 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 309-323 |
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| Abstract | The paper examines systematic relationships among primates between brain size (relative to body size) and differences in ecology and social system. Marked differences in relative brain size exist between families. These are correlated with inter-family differences in body size and home range size. Variation in comparative brain size within families is related to diet (folivores have comparatively smaller brains than frugivores), home range size and possibly also to breeding system. The adaptive significance of these relationships is discussed. | ||||
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1469-7998 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5451 | ||
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| Author | Mace, G.M.; Harvey, P.H.; Clutton-Brock, T.H. | ||||
| Title | Brain size and ecology in small mammals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1981 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | J Zool |
| Volume | 193 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 333-354 |
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| Abstract | Relative brain size (measured as gross brain size after body size effects are removed) differs systematically between families of rodents, insectivores and lagomorphs. The Sciuridae have the largest relative brain size, the Soricidae and Bathyergidae the smallest. These results are discussed and compared with previous analyses of relative brain sizes among primates and bats. These differences complicate comparisons between relative brain size across phylogenetically diverse species and attempts to relate differences in relative brain size to ecological variables. To overcome these problems, best fit relationships were estimated for each family, and values for each genus were expressed as deviations from the lines of best fit. We refer to these values as Comparative Brain Size (CBS). Differences in CBS are related to differences in habitat type (forest-dwelling genera have larger CBS' than grassland forms), in diet (folivores have smaller CBS' than generalists or insectivores, frugivores and granivores), in zonation (arboreal genera have larger CBS' than terrestrial ones) and in activity timing (nocturnal genera have larger CBS' than dirurnal ones). However, these ecological categories are interrelated and, when the effects of other ecological differences are taken into account using analyses of variance, only the differences associated with diet, and possibly habitat remain. | ||||
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1469-7998 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5455 | ||
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| Author | GONÇALVES DA SILVA, A.; CAMPOS-ARCEIZ, A.; ZAVADA, M.S. | ||||
| Title | On tapir ecology, evolution and conservation: what we know and future perspectives–part II | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Integrative Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-3 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1749-4877 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6141 | ||
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| Author | Alexander, R, MCN et al | ||||
| Title | Fast locomotion of some african ungulates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | J Zool |
| Volume | 183 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 291-300 |
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| Abstract | ABSTRACT Ten species of ungulate were filmed, galloping in their natural habitat. They ranged in size from Thomson's gazelle (about 20 kg) to giraffe (about 1000 kg). They were pursued to make them run as fast as possible. The films have been analysed to determine speed, stride frequency, stride and step lengths, and duty factors. The dependence of these quantities on body size is discussed. Summary: Fast locomotion of zebra, giraffe, warthog and seven species of Bovidae has been studied. The animals were filmed from a pursuing vehicle while galloping in their natural habitat. Stride frequency was more closely correlated with limb length (represented by hip height) than with body mass. Mean stride frequency was proportional to (hip height)-0·51 and maximum stride frequency to (hip height) -0·63. Maximum speed was between 10 and 14 m s -1 for all species except buffalo (7 m s -1). It was not significantly correlated with body mass. Since the small species ran at least as fast as the large ones they attained higher Froude numbers. Relative stride length was approximately 1·8 (Froude number)0·39 for all species, irrespective of size. Relative step length was approximately 0·65 (Froude number)0·2, both for the fore feet and for the hind ones. The vertical forces exerted by the feet are proportional to (body weight)×(Froude number)0·2 so the forces at maximum speed are larger multiples of body weight for small species than for large ones. |
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| Notes | from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 130 | ||
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| Author | VanDierendonck, M.C.; de Vries, H.; Schilder, M.B.H. | ||||
| Title | An Analysis of Dominance, Its Behavioural Parameters and Possible Determinants in a Herd of Icelandic orses in Captivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Netherlands Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Netherl. J. Zool. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 362-385 |
| Keywords | Dominance; rank order; horses; Icelandic horses. | ||||
| Abstract | Th e applicability of the concept of dominance was investigated in a captive herd of  Icelandic horses and  ponies of diff erent breeds. Eight out of  behaviours possibly related to dominance occurred frequently enough to be investigated in detail. For these eight agonistic behaviours the coverage, the unidirectionality in the exchange, and the degree of transitivity (Landau`s linearity index) were calculated. Four off ensive behaviours, together with avoidance, were suitable for further analysis with regard to dominance. Th e patterns of asymmetries with which these behaviours were exchanged were suffi ciently similar as to justify the application of the dominance concept and to construct a (nearly) linear dominance hierarchy. Th e rank order of the castrated stallions was completely linear, the hierarchy of the mares was almost completely linear. Th e results suggest that off ensive and defensive aggressive behaviours should be treated separately and that the concept of dominance is applicable. However, ritualized formal dominance signals between adult horses appear to be (almost) absent. Th e rank positions of the individuals were correlated with age and residency in the herd but not with height. Middle ranking horses tended to be more frequently in the close vicinity of another horse than high ranking or low ranking horses. Over and above this correlation at the individual level, it was found that pairs of horses close in rank to each other were more often also spatially close to each other. Being in oestrus did not infl uence the dominance relationships between mares. For castrated stallions the rank positions were correlated with the age at which they were castrated. Th is suggests that in male horses experience prior to neutering infl uences the behaviour afterwards. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 440 | ||
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| Author | Chase, I.D. | ||||
| Title | Music notation: a new method for visualizing social interaction in animals and humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Frontiers in zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Front Zool |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 18 | |
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| Abstract | ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Researchers have developed a variety of techniques for the visual presentation of quantitative data. These techniques can help to reveal trends and regularities that would be difficult to see if the data were left in raw form. Such techniques can be of great help in exploratory data analysis, making apparent the organization of data sets, developing new hypotheses, and in selecting effects to be tested by statistical analysis. Researchers studying social interaction in groups of animals and humans, however, have few tools to present their raw data visually, and it can be especially difficult to perceive patterns in these data. In this paper I introduce a new graphical method for the visual display of interaction records in human and animal groups, and I illustrate this method using data taken on chickens forming dominance hierarchies. RESULTS: This new method presents data in a way that can help researchers immediately to see patterns and connections in long, detailed records of interaction. I show a variety of ways in which this new technique can be used: (1) to explore trends in the formation of both group social structures and individual relationships; (2) to compare interaction records across groups of real animals and between real animals and computer-simulated animal interactions; (3) to search for and discover new types of small-scale interaction sequences; and (4) to examine how interaction patterns in larger groups might emerge from those in component subgroups. In addition, I discuss how this method can be modified and extended for visualizing a variety of different kinds of social interaction in both humans and animals. CONCLUSION: This method can help researchers develop new insights into the structure and organization of social interaction. Such insights can make it easier for researchers to explain behavioural processes, to select aspects of data for statistical analysis, to design further studies, and to formulate appropriate mathematical models and computer simulations. | ||||
| Address | Department of Sociology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4345, USA. ichase@notes.cc.sunysb.edu | ||||
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| ISSN | 1742-9994 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17112384 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 751 | ||
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| Author | Bennett Dk, | ||||
| Title | Stripes do not a zebra make, Part I: A cladistic analysis of Equus | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | Systematic Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | Syst Zool |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 272-287 |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 932 | |||
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| Author | Smuts, M.M.S.; Penzhorn, B. L. | ||||
| Title | Descriptions of antomical differences between skulls and mandibles of Equus zebra and E. burchelli from southern Africa | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | South African Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | South African Journal of Zoology |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | (4)3 | Pages | 328-336 |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | yes | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1617 | |||
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