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Author Gutierrez Rincon, J.A.; Vives Turco, J.; Muro Martinez, I.; Casas Vaque, I.
Title A comparative study of the metabolic effort expended by horse riders during a jumping competition Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (down) British Journal of Sports Medicine Abbreviated Journal Br J Sports Med
Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 33-35
Keywords Adult; Animals; Energy Metabolism/*physiology; *Exertion; Heart Rate/physiology; Horses; Humans; Lactates/blood; *Sports
Abstract The three main Olympic horse riding disciplines are dressage, jumping, and three-day eventing (including dressage, cross country and jumping). In the jumping discipline (obstacle race), the 'team' (horse rider) is judged under the different conditions that might take place in a varied run. The horse is expected to show power and ability; the rider must show riding skill and good physical condition. However, the different conditions encountered by the rider during competition (duration of event, continuous isometric working level, especially in the inferior trunk, lead us to consider the need for a rider to develop different metabolic pathways to meet the high energy requirements of the competition.
Address Centre de Medicina de l'Esport de Barcelona, Spain
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ISSN 0306-3674 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:1600451 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3754
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Author Steinhoff, H.J.; Schrader, J.; Schlitter, J.
Title Temperature-jump studies and polarized absorption spectroscopy of methemoglobin-thiocyanate single crystals Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (down) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Abbreviated Journal Biochim Biophys Acta
Volume 1121 Issue 3 Pages 269-278
Keywords Animals; Crystallization; Horses; Kinetics; Methemoglobin/*chemistry; Solutions; Spectrum Analysis; Temperature; Thiocyanates/*chemistry
Abstract Association equilibria and association kinetics of the thiocyanate binding reaction to methemoglobin in single crystals and solution are studied using temperature-jump technique and polarized absorption spectroscopy. Different kinetic constants are found for the reaction in solution and crystal phase for the alpha- and beta-subunits of the methemoglobin tetramer. The reduction of the reactivity of the alpha- and beta-subunits in crystalline phase is 6-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared to the values found in solution. The intramolecular binding reaction of the N epsilon of the distal histidine E7 which is observed in methemoglobin in solution cannot be detected in single crystals. Our results suggest that crystallization of hemoglobin has little influence on small-scale structural fluctuations which are necessary for ligands to get to the binding sites and large-scale structural motions are suppressed.
Address Institut fur Biophysik, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Germany
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ISSN 0006-3002 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:1627604 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3800
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Author Detmer, D.
Title Response: of pigs and primitive notions Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (down) Between the Species : a Journal of Ethics Abbreviated Journal Between Species
Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 203-208
Keywords Agriculture; *Animal Rights; Animals; *Animals, Genetically Modified; Humans; Self Concept; Stress, Psychological; Genetics and Reproduction
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Notes PMID:12091951; KIE: 9 fn.; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: genetic intervention Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4156
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Author Anderson, J.R.; Fornasieri, I.; Ludes, E.; Roeder, J.-J.
Title Social processes and innovative behaviour in changing groups of lemur fulvus Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (down) Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.
Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 101-112
Keywords Social learning; Lemur fulvus; Dominance; Individual differences
Abstract A group of brown lemurs was presented with one or two baited food-boxes requiring a specific type of motor response in order to be opened. Subsequently, four groups containing different combinations of experienced individuals from the original group and naive individuals were tested. Solutions to the problem and access to the food were recorded and considered in relation to social factors. In the original group, two adult males learned to open the boxes, with one male increasingly preventing the other from approaching. In the second group, with the subordinate male and certain females removed, the dominant male tolerated successful performances by a juvenile female. Group 3 consisted of three passive female participants from the original group and a naive female; one of the three original females now became the sole box-opener. The introduction of the subordinate male from the original group into the all-female group led to a sharing of box-opening by this subject and the skilled female. In the final group, intense aggression toward the skilled female by a new, naive adult male resulted in two previously passive females succeeding on some occasions. In lemurs, at least some `scroungers' appear able to learn to perform a new act when the social context permits.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 576
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Author Lamprecht, J.
Title Variable Leadership in Bar-Headed Geese (Anser Indicus) : an Analysis of Pair and Family Departures Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (down) Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour
Volume 122 Issue 1-2 Pages 105-119
Keywords
Abstract This paper reports quantitative leadership differences in semi-captive bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) at different times of the year, and in different types of groups. Leading is defined here as causing the departure or determining the direction of movement of the whole group. No permanent and exclusive leader of a pair or family group was found, rather relative leading frequencies of male, female and young showed a definite shifting pattern. Females led more often than their mates prior to breeding, and on nest pauses during the incubation period, but less often in summer, autumn and early winter. In families there was no difference between the frequencies of male and female leading. Family females led relatively more often than those of pairs without offspring. This difference was related to the presence, not the number, of young. Goslings led the family about as often as the parents during the rearing period in early summer, less often in autumn, winter and next spring. Such differences and changes are to be expected where competence in particular tasks and dependence on partners vary between group members, and where different situations require different abilities. For the geese, the results can be related to the different options of group members and to the different benefits they derive from leaving (or 'staying put') or following (or waiting for the others) in different situations.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5128
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Author Krause, J.; Bumann, D.; Todt, D.
Title Relationship between the position preference and nutritional state of individuals in schools of juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus) Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (down) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 177-180
Keywords
Abstract Position preferences of well-fed and food-deprived juvenile roach were investigated in schools of 2 and 4 fish in the laboratory. Food-deprived fish appeared significantly more often in the front position than their well-fed conspecifics. For fish at the same hunger level, individuals at the front of the school had the highest feeding rate. These results represent the first evidence for a relationship between the nutritional state of individual fish and their positions in a school and suggest a functional advantage of the preference.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5140
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.
Title Tendency to inspect predators predicts mortality risk in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (down) Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.
Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 124-127
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Abstract Although predator inspection behavior in fishes has become a model system for examining game theoretical strategies such as Tit for Tat, the direct costs of inspection behavior have not been quantified. To begin quantifying such costs, I conducted an experiment that examined mortality due to predation as a function of predator inspection in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Before being subjected to a “survivorship” experiment, guppies were assayed for their tendency to inspect a predator. Groups were then composed of six guppies that differed in their tendency to inspect. These groups were placed into a pool containing a predator, and survivorship of guppies with different inspection tendencies was noted 36 and 60 h later. Results indicate that individuals that display high degrees of inspection behavior suffer greater mortality than their noninspecting shoalmates.
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Notes 10.1093/beheco/3.2.124 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 526
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Author Cheney DL; Seyfarth RM
Title Characterizing the mind of another species Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (down) Behav. Brain Sci. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 15 Issue Pages 172
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2988
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Author Keiper, R.; Receveur, H.
Title Social interactions of free-ranging Przewalski horses in semi-reserves in the Netherlands Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (down) Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 303-318
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Abstract Social interactions were recorded in two bands of free-ranging Przewalski horses living on large (greater than 30 ha) pastures in the Netherlands. The average number of aggressive interactions per hour was 8.86 at Lelystad and 10.36 at Noorderheide. The most common aggressive interactions were lower intensity, lower cost displacements (17.2% of all aggressive acts at Lelystad, 13.2% at Noorderheide), threats to bite (42.3% and 40.7%, respectively) and threats to kick (15.4% and 23.9%, respectively). Analysis of aggression revealed that a clear, linear dominance hierarchy was present in each band. For each band there was a positive and highly significant correlation between the age of a horse and its rank in the hierarchy. In each band, the stallion was not the highest ranked horse. Non-agonistic behaviors exceeded the number of agonistic interactions (1253 vs. 558 for Lelystad; 1257 vs. 995 at Noorderheide). There was a negative correlation between the rank of a horse in the dominance hierarchy and the number of non-agonistic behaviors displayed. The group displaying the highest number of non-agonistic interactions were foals (48.9% of total non-agonistic behaviors at Lelystad; 51.1% at Noorderheide). The non-agonistic/agonistic ratio was greater than 1 for yearlings and the band stallion, as was also the case for foals, but was less than 1 for males.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 778
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Author Kabuga, J.D.
Title Social relationships in N'dama cattle during supplementary feeding Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (down) Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 285-290
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Abstract Social relationships of 30 N'dama cows during supplementary feeding, post-grazing, were studied over a period of 1.5 years. Dominance ranks determined during idling and feeding periods were strongly correlated (Spearman's rank correlation (rs = 0.964, P < 0.01). The number of animals dominated by a cow during feeding was strongly (P < 0.01) related to liveweight (r = 0.822) and age (r = 0.755). Low status cows ate less frequently than medium and high status animals, while middle ranking cows were ejected more frequently from the feed trough than other dominance groups. Animals had preferences in the use of feed troughs, with social rank being the dominant factor determining the location of feed trough space used. Cows of similar status were generally preferred feeding and movement neighbours and antagonists. However, the dominance rank of an animal and its preferred neighbour during idling were not significantly correlated (rs = 0.220, P > 0.05). Voluntary leadership ranks into and out of the pen were, respectively, related closely (P < 0.01) to feeding dominance ranks (rs = 0.661, 0.640) and idling dominance ranks (rs = 0.621, 0.669).
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 Serial 2033
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