Records |
Author |
Khalil, A.M.; Murakami, N.; Kaseda, Y. |
Title |
Relationship between plasma testosterone concentrations and age, breeding season and harem size in Misaki feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Med Sci |
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
643-645 |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Wild; *Horses; Japan; Male; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Sexual Maturation; *Social Behavior; Testosterone/*blood |
Abstract |
Jugular vein blood samples were collected from 23 young and sexual mature feral stallions to examine the relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season or harem size. Testosterone concentration increased with the age of the stallions until they formed their own harems, at about 4 to 6 years old. Seasonal variations in testosterone concentrations were observed, and found to be significantly higher (P<0.001) throughout the breeding season than non-breeding season, from 3 years of age. Testosterone levels were correlated with harem size for individual stallions. It can be inferred from these results that there is a relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season and harem size. |
Address |
Laboratory of Animal Behavioral Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Japan |
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English |
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ISSN |
0916-7250 |
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Notes |
PMID:9637303 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
137 |
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Author |
Fischer, J.; Hammerschmidt, K.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
Title |
Acoustic features of male baboon loud calls: influences of context, age, and individuality |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Acoust Soc Am |
Volume |
111 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1465-1474 |
Keywords |
Age Factors; Animal Communication; Animals; Individuality; Male; *Papio; *Social Environment; *Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
The acoustic structure of loud calls (“wahoos”) recorded from free-ranging male baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) in the Moremi Game Reserve, Botswana, was examined for differences between and within contexts, using calls given in response to predators (alarm wahoos), during male contests (contest wahoos), and when a male had become separated from the group (contact wahoos). Calls were recorded from adolescent, subadult, and adult males. In addition, male alarm calls were compared with those recorded from females. Despite their superficial acoustic similarity, the analysis revealed a number of significant differences between alarm, contest, and contact wahoos. Contest wahoos are given at a much higher rate, exhibit lower frequency characteristics, have a longer “hoo” duration, and a relatively louder “hoo” portion than alarm wahoos. Contact wahoos are acoustically similar to contest wahoos, but are given at a much lower rate. Both alarm and contest wahoos also exhibit significant differences among individuals. Some of the acoustic features that vary in relation to age and sex presumably reflect differences in body size, whereas others are possibly related to male stamina and endurance. The finding that calls serving markedly different functions constitute variants of the same general call type suggests that the vocal production in nonhuman primates is evolutionarily constrained. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA. fischer@eva.mpg.de |
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ISSN |
0001-4966 |
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Notes |
PMID:11931324 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
691 |
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Author |
Owren, M.J.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
Title |
The acoustic features of vowel-like grunt calls in chacma baboons (Papio cyncephalus ursinus): implications for production processes and functions |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Acoust Soc Am |
Volume |
101 |
Issue |
5 Pt 1 |
Pages |
2951-2963 |
Keywords |
Animals; Female; *Papio; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
The acoustic features of 216 baboon grunts were investigated through analysis of field-recorded calls produced by identified females in known contexts. Analyses addressed two distinct questions: whether the acoustic features of these tonal sounds could be characterized using a source-filter approach and whether the acoustic features of grunts varied by individual caller and social context. Converging evidence indicated that grunts were produced through a combination of periodic laryngeal vibration and a stable vocal tract filter. Their acoustic properties closely resembled those of prototypical human vowel sounds. In general, variation in the acoustic features of the grunts was more strongly related to caller identity than to the social contexts of calling. However, two acoustic parameters, second formant frequency and overall spectral tilt, did vary consistently depending on whether the caller was interacting with an infant or participating in a group move. Nonetheless, in accordance with the general view that identity cueing is a compelling function in animal communication, it can be concluded that much of the observed variability in grunt acoustics is likely to be related to this aspect of signaling. Further, cues related to vocal tract filtering appear particularly likely to play an important role in identifying individual calling animals. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon 97202, USA. michael.owren@reed.edu |
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ISSN |
0001-4966 |
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Notes |
PMID:9165741 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
698 |
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Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
Title |
The acoustic features of vervet monkey grunts |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1984 |
Publication |
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Acoust Soc Am |
Volume |
75 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1623-1628 |
Keywords |
*Acoustics; Animals; Auditory Perception; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; Cues; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Male; Social Behavior; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
Abstract |
East African vervet monkeys give short (125 ms), harsh-sounding grunts to each other in a variety of social situations: when approaching a dominant or subordinate member of their group, when moving into a new area of their range, or upon seeing another group. Although all these vocalizations sound similar to humans, field playback experiments have shown that the monkeys distinguish at least four different calls. Acoustic analysis reveals that grunts have an aperiodic F0, at roughly 240 Hz. Most grunts exhibit a spectral peak close to this irregular F0. Grunts may also contain a second, rising or falling frequency peak, between 550 and 900 Hz. The location and changes in these two frequency peaks are the cues most likely to be used by vervets when distinguishing different grunt types. |
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0001-4966 |
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Notes |
PMID:6736426 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
703 |
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Author |
Maloney, S.J. |
Title |
The Relationship Between Asymmetry and Athletic Performance: A Critical Review |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
symmetry; imbalance; power; strength |
Abstract |
Maloney, SJ. The relationship between asymmetry and athletic performance: A critical review. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2579-2593, 2019--Symmetry may be defined as the quality to demonstrate an exact correspondence of size, shape, and form when split along a given axis. Although it has been widely asserted that the bilateral asymmetries are detrimental to athletic performance, research does not wholly support such an association. Moreover, the research rarely seeks to distinguish between different types of bilateral asymmetry. Fluctuating asymmetries describe bilateral differences in anthropometric attributes, such as nostril width and ear size, and are thought to represent the developmental stability of an organism. There is evidence to suggest that fluctuating asymmetries may be related to impaired athletic performance, although contradictory findings have been reported. Sporting asymmetries is a term that may better describe bilateral differences in parameters, such as force output or jump height. These asymmetries are likely to be a function of limb dominance and magnified by long-standing participation within sport. Sporting asymmetries do not seem to carry a clear influence on athletic performance measures. Given the vast discrepancy in the methodologies used by different investigations, further research is warranted. Recent investigations have demonstrated that training interventions can reduce sporting asymmetries and improve performance. However, studies have not sought to determine whether the influence of sporting asymmetry is independent of improvements in neuromuscular parameters. It may be hypothesized that the deficient (weaker) limb has a greater potential for adaptation in comparison to the strong limb and may demonstrate greater responsiveness to training. |
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ISSN |
1064-8011 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ 00124278-201909000-00032 |
Serial |
6662 |
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Author |
Aviad, A.D.; Houpt, J.B. |
Title |
The molecular weight of therapeutic hyaluronan (sodium hyaluronate): how significant is it? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
The Journal of rheumatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Rheumatol |
Volume |
21 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
297-301 |
Keywords |
Animals; Horse Diseases/drug therapy; Horses; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid/*chemistry/*therapeutic use; Joint Diseases/*drug therapy/veterinary; Molecular Weight; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy/veterinary; Synovial Fluid/drug effects/physiology; Viscosity |
Abstract |
Various molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have been injected into joints for the treatment of human and equine osteoarthritis. A therapeutic advantage has been claimed for commercial products with a molecular weight in the range found in normal synovial fluid (SF), compared to lower molecular weight products. But a correlation between molecular weight and efficacy is not borne out by an analysis of the available literature on clinical results. SF viscosity, HA concentration, HA molecular weight and rate of synthesis in joint disease. It is proposed that the beneficial effect of injected HA in joint disease may be due to pharmacological rather than to physical properties. |
Address |
Rheumatic Disease Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada |
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English |
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ISSN |
0315-162X |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:8182640 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
35 |
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Author |
Clark, M.L.; Ayers, M. |
Title |
Friendship similarity during early adolescence: gender and racial patterns |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
The Journal of Psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Psychol |
Volume |
126 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
393-405 |
Keywords |
Achievement; Adolescent; African Americans/*psychology; *Cross-Cultural Comparison; Female; *Gender Identity; Humans; Individuality; *Interpersonal Relations; Male; *Personality Development; Personality Inventory; Sociometric Techniques |
Abstract |
We studied the relationship of reciprocity, gender, and racial composition (Caucasian, African American, cross-race) of adolescent friendship dyads to similarity and proximity in 136 young adolescents. We found that adolescents selected friends who were of the same gender and race and that female dyads were more similar than male dyads on verbal achievement and several personality dimensions. Caucasian dyads were more similar than African American dyads on verbal achievement, mental alertness, and dominance. African American adolescents had more contact with their best friends outside school, whereas Caucasian adolescent friends had more in-school contact. African American students had fewer reciprocal relationships than the Caucasian students. Cross-race friendships were less reciprocal than same-race friendships. Race and gender were important in determining friendship patterns. Similarity and proximity were more important than reciprocity in understanding early adolescent friendships. |
Address |
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University |
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English |
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0022-3980 |
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Notes |
PMID:1403972 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5628 |
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Author |
Alexander, F. |
Title |
A study of parotid salivation in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1966 |
Publication |
The Journal of physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Physiol |
Volume |
184 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
646-656 |
Keywords |
Animals; Atropine/*pharmacology; Bicarbonates/metabolism; Calcium/metabolism; Chlorides/metabolism; Horses; Mastication/*physiology; Parotid Gland/*physiology; Pilocarpine/*pharmacology; Potassium/metabolism; Salivation/*drug effects; Sodium/metabolism; Tetracaine/*pharmacology |
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0022-3751 |
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PMID:5963737 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
119 |
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Author |
Alexander, F.; Ash, R.W. |
Title |
The effect of emotion and hormones on the concentration of glucose and eosinophils in horse blood |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1955 |
Publication |
The Journal of physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Physiol |
Volume |
130 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
703-710 |
Keywords |
Blood Glucose/*drug effects; Eosinophils/*drug effects; Leukocyte Count/*drug effects; *ACTH/effects; *BLOOD SUGAR/effect of drugs on; *EOSINOPHIL COUNT/effect of drugs on; *EPINEPHRINE/effects; *HISTAMINE/effects; *INSULIN/effects; *STRESS/experimental |
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0022-3751 |
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PMID:13278929 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
122 |
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Author |
Alexander, F. |
Title |
The preparation of Biebl loops and Thiry-Vella fistulae of the ileum of the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1951 |
Publication |
The Journal of physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Physiol |
Volume |
115 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
63-4 P |
Keywords |
Gastrointestinal Tract/*physiology; *GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM/physiology |
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0022-3751 |
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Notes |
PMID:14898527 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
128 |
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