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Author |
Bertolucci, C.; Giannetto, C.; Fazio, F.; Piccione, G. |
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Title |
Seasonal variations in daily rhythms of activity in athletic horses |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Animal |
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Animal |
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2 |
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07 |
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1055-1060 |
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Abstract |
Circadian rhythms reflect extensive programming of biological activity that meets and exploits the challenges and opportunities offered by the periodic nature of the environment. In the present investigation, we recorded the total activity of athletic horses kept at four different times of the year (vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice), to evaluate the presence of seasonal variations of daily activity rhythms. Athletic Thoroughbred horses were kept in individual boxes with paddock. Digitally integrated measure of total activity of each mare was continuously recorded by actigraphy-based data loggers. Horse total activities were not evenly distributed over the day, but they were mainly diurnal during the year. Daily activity rhythms showed clear seasonal variations, with the highest daily amount of activity during the vernal equinox and the lowest during the winter solstice. Interestingly, the amount of activity during either photophase or scotophase changed significantly throughout the year. Circadian analysis of horse activities showed that the acrophase, the estimated time at which the peak of the rhythm occurs, did not change during the year, it always occurred in the middle of the photoperiod. Analysing the time structure of long-term and continuously measured activity and feeding could be a useful method to critically evaluate athletic horse management systems in which spontaneous locomotor activity and feeding are severely limited. Circadian rhythms are present in several elements of sensory motor and psychomotor functions and these would be taken into consideration to plan the training schedules and competitions in athletic horses. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4823 |
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Ramseyer, A.; Boissy, A.; Thierry, B.; Dumont, B. |
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Title |
Individual and social determinants of spontaneous group movements in cattle and sheep |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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animal |
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Animal |
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3 |
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09 |
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1319-1326 M3 - 10.1017/S1751731109004790 |
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Group-living animals travel together to collectively exploit the resources of their environment. This study investigates how social relationships and individual temperament traits affect movement orders in domestic cattle and sheep. We analysed spontaneous group movements occurring at pasture after a resting period in a group of 15 18-month-old Charolais heifers and a group of 19 1-year-old Romane ewe-lambs. For each species, animals had similar social experience and no kinship ties. Before that, animals were observed within the group to establish their social status (e.g. dominance and preferential relationships, and sociability), then in individual tests in order to assess their emotional traits. In both species, most individuals could initiate a group movement but some individuals were more successful than others in recruiting the rest of the group. Ewe-lambs, and to a lesser extent heifers, held preferential positions during travel. We did not find any significant correlations in either species between animal order and their position in the dominance hierarchy (heifers: P = 0.438; ewe-lambs: P = 0.574) while individuals linked by preferential bonds frequently followed each other during group movements (heifers: P < 0.001; ewe-lambs: P < 0.001). With regard to social traits, heifers with a low cohesion index, and with a lower number of partners with whom they develop frequent affinitive interactions, acted more frequently as ‘first movers’ (P = 0.040 and 0.023, respectively), as well as did ewe-lambs with a high spatial independency index (P = 0.002). Ewe-lambs with the highest cohesion indices were more frequently observed in front of the group while moving halfway between departure and arrival (P = 0.028). We did not find significant correlations between individual positions during group movements and emotional traits such as reactivity, boldness and fearfulness. We conclude that preferential bonds and individual traits related to social dependence were more influential in spontaneous group movements at pasture than were emotional traits and dominance status. |
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group movement; group order; social relationship; temperament; ungulates |
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Cambridge Journals Online |
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1751-7311 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5047 |
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Burla, J.-B.; Siegwart, J.; Nawroth, C. |
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Title |
Human Demonstration Does Not Facilitate the Performance of Horses (Equus caballus) in a Spatial Problem-Solving Task |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Animal |
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Animal |
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8 |
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6 |
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96 |
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detour task; equids; social cognition; social learning; spatial cognition |
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Horses’ ability to adapt to new environments and to acquire new information plays an important role in handling and training. Social learning in particular would be very adaptive for horses as it enables them to flexibly adjust to new environments. In the context of horse handling, social learning from humans has been rarely investigated but could help to facilitate management practices. We assessed the impact of human demonstration on the spatial problem-solving abilities of horses during a detour task. In this task, a bucket with a food reward was placed behind a double-detour barrier and 16 horses were allocated to two test groups of 8 horses each. One group received a human demonstration of how to solve the spatial task while the other group received no demonstration. We found that horses did not solve the detour task more often or faster with human demonstration. However, both test groups improved rapidly over trials. Our results suggest that horses prefer to use individual rather than social information when solving a spatial problem-solving task |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6392 |
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Author |
Berliner Vr, |
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The estrous cycle of the mare. In: Cole,H.H., Cupps,P.T. |
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1959 |
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Reproductions in domestic animals |
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1 |
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267-289 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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942 |
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Author |
Bruemmer F, |
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Title |
The horses of Sable Island |
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Journal Article |
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1967 |
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Animals |
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10 |
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14-17 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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975 |
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Epstein H, |
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Title |
Descent and origin of the ass |
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Book Chapter |
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1971 |
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In Epstein: The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. II. |
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394-398 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1069 |
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Epstein H, |
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Wild Ass |
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1971 |
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In Epstein: The origin of the domestic animals of Africa. II |
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378-381 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1070 |
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Fao, |
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The Przewalski horse and restoration to its natural habitat in Mongolia. JO FAO Animal Production and Health Paper |
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1986 |
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Animal Production and Health Paper |
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61 |
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from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1078 |
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Klingel H, |
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Title |
Communication in Perissodactyla |
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1977 |
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in Sebeok TA (ed): How Animals Communicate |
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715-727, |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1305 |
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OTT EA et al, |
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Title |
Acceptability of dried citrus pulp by horses |
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1979 |
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J Animal Sci |
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49 |
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983-987 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1442 |
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