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Author Gese, E.M.; Ruff, R.L. url  doi
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  Title Howling by coyotes (Canis latrans): variation among social classes, seasons, and pack sizes Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication (up) Can J Zool Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 76 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gese1998 Serial 6462  
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Author Mech L.D. url  openurl
  Title Leadership in Wolf, Canis lupus, Packs. Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication (up) Canadian Field-Naturalist Abbreviated Journal Can Field Nat  
  Volume 114 Issue 2 Pages 259-263  
  Keywords Wolf, Canis lupus, leadership, behavior, foraging, movements, pup care, provisioning, sociality, reproduction, breeding, Northwest Territories.  
  Abstract I examine leadership in Wolf (Canis lupus) packs based on published observations and data gathered during summers from 1986 to 1998 studying a free-ranging pack of Wolves on Ellesmere Island that were habituated to my presence. The breeding male tended to initiate activities associated with foraging and travel, and the breeding female to initiate, and predominate in, pup care and protection. However, there was considerable overlap and interaction during these activities such that leadership could be considered a joint function. In packs with multiple breeders, quantitative information about leadership is needed.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4688  
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Author Weckerly, Floyd W. url  doi
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  Title Social bonding and aggression in female Roosevelt elk Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication (up) Canadian Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal Can J Zool  
  Volume 77 Issue 9 Pages 1379-1384  
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  Abstract Abstract: The relationship between degree of social bonding (extent of association among individuals) and level of aggression in ruminants is unclear. I examined social bonding and aggression in three groups of female Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) over 2 years. I hypothesized that when animals are socially bonded, bouts of aggression will be won by the individual initiating the aggression, occur quickly, and involve little physical contact, and the level of aggression does not correlate with group size. The degree of social bonding was high among individuals in all groups. Dyads of known individuals were together >80% of the time. A permutation analysis indicated that groups with the observed sizes had <0.001 chance of random association, except on one occasion when the probability was 0.72 for one group. Using focal-animal sampling, aggressive interactions were won 72% of the time by the initiator, occurred quickly (<5 s), and involved little physical contact, and the level of aggression was not correlated with group size. The level of aggression was, however, significantly lower in one of the groups. This group may have had access to more abundant food resources than the other groups. Socially bonded elk conducted aggressive interactions in a fashion that did not disrupt social stability. Résumé : La relation entre le degré de liaison sociale (importance des associations entre individus) et l`agressivité n`est pas claire chez les ruminants. J`ai étudié les liaisons sociales et l`agressivité chez trois groupes de femelles du Cerf de Roosevelt (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) pendant 2 ans. J`ai posé en hypothèse que, chez les animaux liés socialement, la victoire devrait être emportée par l`individu qui entreprend l`agression, l`agression devrait être de courte durée, se faire avec peu de contacts physiques et la fréquence des agressions ne devrait pas être liée à la taille du groupe. Des paires d`individus passaient plus de 80% de leur temps ensemble. Une analyse des permutations a démontré que, chez les groupes des tailles observées, la probabilité d`une association aléatoire était de moins de 0,001, sauf en un cas où cette probabilité a été évaluée à 0,72 chez un groupe. Par échantillonnage directionnel, j`ai observé que les interactions agressives étaient gagnées par l`individu attaquant 72% du temps, étaient de courte durée (<5 s), se faisaient avec peu de contacts physiques et leur fréquence n`était pas reliée à la taille du groupe. Il y avait cependant moins d`agressivité chez l`un des groupes. Il se peut que ce groupe ait eu accès à plus de ressources alimentaires que les autres. Chez les cerfs liés par des liens sociaux, l`agressivité ne se manifeste pas de façon à déséquilibrer la stabilité sociale.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4268  
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Author Solmsen, E.-H.; Bathen, M.; Grüntjens, T.; Hempel, E.; Klose, M.; Krüger, K.; Martin, H.; Meyer, A.; Schütte, P.; Vogel, L.; Wiezorek, S.; Wittor, B. openurl 
  Title Protecting horses against wolves in Germany Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Carnivore Damage Prevention News Abbreviated Journal CPDnews  
  Volume 23 Issue Pages 12-19  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6661  
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Author Voigtlaender-Schnabel, S.; Vogel, L.; Greiner, B.; Wiezorek, S.; Schuette, P.; Solmsen, E.-H.; Martin; H.; Hempel, E.; Gruentjens, T.; Bathen, M.; Herold, P.; Krueger, K. openurl 
  Title Reactions of horses to wildlife and livestock guarding dogs Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication (up) Carnivore Damage Prevention News Abbreviated Journal CDPNews  
  Volume 24 Issue Pages 49-58  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6668  
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Author Lagos, L.; Blanco, P. openurl 
  Title Testing the use of dogs to prevent wolf attackson free ranging ponies in Iberia? Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Carnivore Damage Prevention News Abbreviated Journal CDPnews  
  Volume 23 Issue Pages 20-27  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6679  
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Author Lagos, L.; Bárcena, F. openurl 
  Title How to reduce wolf predation on wild ponies in Galicia? Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication (up) Carnivore Damage Prevention News Abbreviated Journal CDPNews  
  Volume 24 Issue Pages 24-31  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6680  
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Author Lema, F.J.; Ribeiro, S.; Palacios, V. openurl 
  Title Observations of wolves hunting fee-ranging horses in Iberia. Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication (up) Carnivore Damage Prevention News Abbreviated Journal CDPNews  
  Volume 24 Issue Pages 1-9  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6681  
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Author Solmsen, E. - H.; Bathen, M.; Grüntjens, T.; Hempel, E.; Klose, M.; Krüger, K.; Martin, H.; Meyer, A.; Schütte, P.; Vogel, L.; Wiezorek, S.; Wittor, B. openurl 
  Title Protecting horses against wolves in Germany. Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Carnivore Damage Prevention News Abbreviated Journal CDPNews  
  Volume 23 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6682  
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Author Freitas, J.; Lagos, L.; Álvares, F. openurl 
  Title Horses as prey of wolves. Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Carnivore Damage Preventionnews Abbreviated Journal CDPnews  
  Volume 23 Issue Pages 1-9  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6677  
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