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	Author	Boice, R.
	Title	Behavioral comparability of wild and domesticated rats			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1981	Publication	Behavior Genetics	Abbreviated Journal	Behav Genet
	Volume	11	Issue	5	Pages	545-553
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Genetics, Behavioral; Intelligence; Learning; Male; Rats/genetics
	Abstract	The oft-repeated concern for the lack of behavioral comparability of domestic rats with wild forms of Rattus norvegicus is unfounded. Laboratory rats appear to show the potential for all wild-type behaviors, including the most dramatic social postures. Moreover, domestics are capable of assuming a feral existence without difficulty, one where they readily behave in a fashion indistinguishable from wild rats. The one behavioral difference that is clearly established concerns performance in laboratory learning paradigms. The superiority of domestics in these laboratory tasks speaks more to quieting the concerns of degeneracy theorists than to problems of using domestic Norway rats as subjects representative of their species.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0001-8244	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:7325955			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4144
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	Author	Scheibe, K.M.; Gromann, C.
	Title	Application testing of a new three-dimensional acceleration measuring system with wireless data transfer (WAS) for behavior analysis			Type
	Year	2006	Publication	Behavior research methods	Abbreviated Journal	Behav Res Methods
	Volume	38	Issue	3	Pages	427-433
	Keywords	Acceleration; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/diagnosis; Computer Communication Networks/instrumentation; Forelimb/physiopathology; Fractals; Hindlimb/physiopathology; Horse Diseases/diagnosis; Horses; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation/methods/veterinary; Lameness, Animal/diagnosis; Monitoring, Ambulatory/instrumentation/methods; Motor Activity; Movement; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods
	Abstract	A wireless acceleration measurement system was applied to free-moving cows and horses. Sensors were available as a collar and a flat box for measuring leg or trunk movements. Results were transmitted simultaneously by radio or stored in an 8-MB internal memory. As analytical procedures, frequency distributions with standard deviations, spectral analyses, and fractal analyses were applied. Bymeans of the collar sensor, basic behavior patterns (standing, grazing, walking, ruminating, drinking, and hay uptake) could be identified in cows. Lameness could be detected in cows and horses by means of the leg sensor. The portion of basic and harmonic spectral components was reduced; the fractal dimension was reduced. The system can be used for the detection and analysis of even small movements of free-moving humans or animals over several hours. It is convenient for the analysis of basic behaviors, emotional reactions, or events causing flight or fright or for comparing different housing elements, such as floors or fences.
	Address	Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany. kscheibe@izw-berlin.de
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1554-351X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17186752			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1775
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	Author	Gácsi, M.; McGreevy, P.; Kara, E.; Miklósi, Á.
	Title	Effects of selection for cooperation and attention in dogs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Behavioral and Brain Functions	Abbreviated Journal	Behav Brain Funct
	Volume	5	Issue		Pages	31
	Keywords
	Abstract	ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the functional similarities in the socio-cognitive behaviour of dogs and humans emerged as a consequence of comparable environmental selection pressures. Here we use a novel approach to account for the facilitating effect of domestication in dogs and reveal that selection for two factors under genetic influence (visual cooperation and focused attention) may have led independently to increased comprehension of human communicational cues. METHOD: In Study 1, we observed the performance of three groups of dogs in utilizing the human pointing gesture in a two-way object choice test. We compared breeds selected to work while visually separated from human partners (N = 30, 21 breeds, clustered as independent worker group), with those selected to work in close cooperation and continuous visual contact with human partners (N = 30, 22 breeds, clustered as cooperative worker group), and with a group of mongrels (N = 30).Secondly, it has been reported that, in dogs, selective breeding to produce an abnormal shortening of the skull is associated with a more pronounced area centralis (location of greatest visual acuity). In Study 2, breeds with high cephalic index and more frontally placed eyes (brachycephalic breeds, N = 25, 14 breeds) were compared with breeds with low cephalic index and laterally placed eyes (dolichocephalic breeds, N = 25, 14 breeds). RESULTS: In Study 1, cooperative workers were significantly more successful in utilizing the human pointing gesture than both the independent workers and the mongrels.In study 2, we found that brachycephalic dogs performed significantly better than dolichocephalic breeds. DISCUSSION: After controlling for environmental factors, we have provided evidence that at least two independent phenotypic traits with certain genetic variability affect the ability of dogs to rely on human visual cues. This finding should caution researchers against making simple generalizations about the effects of domestication and on dog-wolf differences in the utilization of human visual signals.
	Address	Dept, of Ethology, Eotvos University, H-1117, Budapest, Pazmany P, s, 1/c,, Hungary. gm.art@t-online.hu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1744-9081	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:19630939			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4968
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	Author	Preston, S.D.; de Waal, F.B.M.
	Title	Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Behavioral and Brain Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Behav Brain Sci
	Volume	25	Issue	1	Pages	1-20; discussion 20-71
	Keywords	Adult; Animals; Child; Emotions/physiology; *Empathy; Evolution; Haplorhini; Helping Behavior; Humans; Mental Disorders/physiopathology/psychology; Morals; Personality Development; Phylogeny; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology; Socialization
	Abstract	There is disagreement in the literature about the exact nature of the phenomenon of empathy. There are emotional, cognitive, and conditioning views, applying in varying degrees across species. An adequate description of the ultimate and proximate mechanism can integrate these views. Proximately, the perception of an object's state activates the subject's corresponding representations, which in turn activate somatic and autonomic responses. This mechanism supports basic behaviors (e.g., alarm, social facilitation, vicariousness of emotions, mother-infant responsiveness, and the modeling of competitors and predators) that are crucial for the reproductive success of animals living in groups. The Perception-Action Model (PAM), together with an understanding of how representations change with experience, can explain the major empirical effects in the literature (similarity, familiarity, past experience, explicit teaching, and salience). It can also predict a variety of empathy disorders. The interaction between the PAM and prefrontal functioning can also explain different levels of empathy across species and age groups. This view can advance our evolutionary understanding of empathy beyond inclusive fitness and reciprocal altruism and can explain different levels of empathy across individuals, species, stages of development, and situations.
	Address	University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, 2RCP-Neurology Clinic, Iowa City, IA 52242. stephanie-d-preston@uiowa.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0140-525X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:12625087			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	181
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	Author	Whiten, A.; Byrne, R.W.
	Title	Tactical deception in primates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Behavioral and Brain Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Brain Sci.
	Volume	11	Issue	02	Pages	233-244
	Keywords
	Abstract	ABSTRACT Tactical deception occurs when an individual is able to use an “honest” act from his normal repertoire in a different context to mislead familiar individuals. Although primates have a reputation for social skill, most primate groups are so intimate that any deception is likely to be subtle and infrequent. Published records are sparse and often anecdotal. We have solicited new records from many primatologists and searched for repeating patterns. This has revealed several different forms of deceptive tactic, which we classify in terms of the function they perform. For each class, we sketch the features of another individual's state of mind that an individual acting with deceptive intent must be able to represent, thus acting as a “natural psychologist.” Our analysis will sharpen attention to apparent taxonomic differences. Before these findings can be generalized, however, behavioral scientists must agree on some fundamental methodological and theoretical questions in the study of the evolution of social cognition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cambridge Journals Online	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1469-1825	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5937
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	Author	Byrne, R.W.
	Title	Do larger brains mean greater intelligence?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Behavioral and Brain Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Brain Sci.
	Volume	16	Issue	4	Pages	696-697
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cambridge University Press	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1469-1825	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6171
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	Author	Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L.; Morand-Ferron, J.
	Title	Can a restrictive definition lead to biases and tautologies?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Behavioral and Brain Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Brain Sci.
	Volume	30	Issue	4	Pages	411-412
	Keywords
	Abstract	We argue that the operational definition proposed by Ramsey et al. does not represent a significant improvement for students of innovation, because it is so restrictive that it might actually prevent the testing of hypotheses on the relationships between innovation, ecology, evolution, culture, and intelligence. To avoid tautological thinking, we need to use an operational definition that is taxonomically unbiased and neutral with respect to the hypotheses to be tested.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cambridge University Press	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	2007/12/17
	ISSN	0140-525x	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6533
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	Author	Rowell, T.E.
	Title	The concept of social dominance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1974	Publication	Behavioral Biology	Abbreviated Journal	Behav Biol
	Volume	11	Issue	2	Pages	131-154
	Keywords
	Abstract	Dominance has been assumed to be a quality of overwhelming social importance but satisfactory definitions and measures have not been devised. As an indication of predictability of outcome of interaction between animals, it can be explained in terms of ordinary learning processes previous to and during a specific relationship. Agonistic interactions are usually determined and often initiated by the subordinate's behavior, and subordinate behavior is correlated with physiological changes, so that a subordination hierarchy is probably a more useful concept than a dominance hierarchy. Hierarchies develop in stressful conditions, especially in captivity where animals with overresponsive adrenal cortices are at a selective disadvantage. In wild groups hierarchies are tenuous or absent and stress-responsive members are probably advantageous to a group. Group defense and leadership roles are not correlated with rank, but policing is characteristic of high-ranking animals in species where it occurs. There is no evidence that formation of a hierarchy reduces aggression--hierarchies are actually associated with high rates of aggression in primate groups. There is no conclusive evidence that high ranking males have greater overall reproductive success, and an alternative hypothesis that adult males are sexually active for a relatively short stage of their lives fits existing data equally well.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2040
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	Author	Cattell, R.B.; Korth, B.
	Title	The isolation of temperament dimensions in dogs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1973	Publication	Behavioral Biology	Abbreviated Journal	Behav Biol
	Volume	9	Issue	1	Pages	15-30
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biometry; Body Weight; Dogs; Emotions; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Genetics, Behavioral; Heart Rate; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Models, Psychological; *Personality; Problem Solving; Social Behavior
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0091-6773	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:4738708			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4140
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Dugatkin, L.A.
	Title	Bystander effects and the structure of dominance hierarchies			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Behavioral Ecology	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Ecol.
	Volume	12	Issue	3	Pages	348-352
	Keywords
	Abstract	Prior modeling work has found that pure winner and loser effects (i.e., changing the estimation of your own fighting ability as a function of direct prior experience) can have important consequences for hierarchy formation. Here these models are extended to incorporate “bystander effects.” When bystander effects are in operation, observers (i.e., bystanders) of aggressive interactions change their assessment of the protagonists' fighting abilities (depending on who wins and who loses). Computer simulations demonstrate that when bystander winner effects alone are at play, groups have a clear omega (bottom-ranking individual), while the relative position of other group members remains difficult to determine. When only bystander loser effects are in operation, wins and losses are randomly distributed throughout a group (i.e., no discernible hierarchy). When pure and bystander winner effects are jointly in place, a linear hierarchy, in which all positions (i.e., {alpha} to {delta} when N = 4) are clearly defined, emerges. Joint pure and bystander loser effects produce the same result. In principle one could test the predictions from the models developed here in a straightforward comparative study. Hopefully, the results of this model will spur on such studies in the future.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	10.1093/beheco/12.3.348			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	441
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