Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database -- Query Results

	Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database Home \| Show All \| Simple Search \| Advanced Search	Login Quick Search: Field: contains: ...
	21-30 of 48 records found matching your query:

Search & Display Options

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 >>

List View

Citations

Details

	Records
	Author	Chalmeau, R.; Gallo, A.
	Title	Social constraints determine what is learned in the chimpanzee			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	28	Issue	3	Pages	173-179
	Keywords	Operant conditioning; Social influence; Individual strategy; Chimpanzee
	Abstract	A group of six chimpanzees was placed in a social learning situation, without training. The learning task was an operant conditioning situation; that is, a subject had to pull two handles simultaneously to cause a piece of fruit to fall into the cage. Only three individuals acquired the operant behaviour. For the operant individuals, social influences on the expression of the learning task were then examined; the dominant chimpanzee during feeding had an inhibiting effect when close to the operant subjects. Depending on the subject, social factors may influence not only the specific expression of what is learnt, but also the nature of what is learnt. Chimpanzees appear to experience situations differently: they develop an individual problem-solving strategy according to their social relationships even if the experimental procedure is the same for all.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	569
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Blackmore, T.L.; Foster, T.M.; Sumpter, C.E.; Temple, W.
	Title	An investigation of colour discrimination with horses (Equus caballus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	78	Issue	3	Pages	387-396
	Keywords	Chromatic discrimination; Colour vision; Horse; Operant
	Abstract	The ability of four horses (Equus caballus) to discriminate coloured (three shades of blue, green, red, and yellow) from grey (neutral density) stimuli, produced by back projected lighting filters, was investigated in a two response forced-choice procedure. Pushes of the lever in front of a coloured screen were occasionally reinforced, pushes of the lever in front of a grey screen were never reinforced. Each colour shade was randomly paired with a grey that was brighter, one that was dimmer, and one that approximately matched the colour in terms of brightness. Each horse experienced the colours in a different order, a new colour was started after 85% correct responses over five consecutive sessions or if accuracy showed no trend over sessions. All horses reached the 85% correct with blue versus grey, three horses did so with both yellow and green versus grey. All were above chance with red versus grey but none reached criterion. Further analysis showed the wavelengths of the green stimuli used overlapped with the yellow. The results are consistent with histological and behavioural studies that suggest that horses are dichromatic. They differ from some earlier data in that they indicate horses can discriminate yellow and blue, but that they may have deficiencies in discriminating red and green.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-6357	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5336
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Dreier, S.; van Zweden, J.S.; D'Ettorre, P.
	Title	Long-term memory of individual identity in ant queens			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Biology Letters	Abbreviated Journal	Biol Lett
	Volume	3	Issue	5	Pages	459-462
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Ants/physiology; Conditioning, Operant; Evolution; Female; Memory; *Recognition (Psychology); Social Dominance
	Abstract	Remembering individual identities is part of our own everyday social life. Surprisingly, this ability has recently been shown in two social insects. While paper wasps recognize each other individually through their facial markings, the ant, Pachycondyla villosa, uses chemical cues. In both species, individual recognition is adaptive since it facilitates the maintenance of stable dominance hierarchies among individuals, and thus reduces the cost of conflict within these small societies. Here, we investigated individual recognition in Pachycondyla ants by quantifying the level of aggression between pairs of familiar or unfamiliar queens over time. We show that unrelated founding queens of P. villosa and Pachycondyla inversa store information on the individual identity of other queens and can retrieve it from memory after 24h of separation. Thus, we have documented for the first time that long-term memory of individual identity is present and functional in ants. This novel finding represents an advance in our understanding of the mechanism determining the evolution of cooperation among unrelated individuals.
	Address	Institute of Biology, Department of Population Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. sdreier@bi.ku.dk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1744-9561	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17594958			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4649
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Shanahan, S.
	Title	Trailer loading stress in horses: behavioral and physiological effects of nonaversive training (TTEAM)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science : JAAWS	Abbreviated Journal	J Appl Anim Welf Sci
	Volume	6	Issue	4	Pages	263-274
	Keywords	Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Escape Reaction; Female; Heart Rate; Horses/psychology; Hydrocortisone/metabolism; Male; Saliva/metabolism; Stress/metabolism/prevention & control/veterinary; *Transportation
	Abstract	Resistance in the horse to trailer loading is a common source of stress and injury to horses and their handlers. The objective of this study was to determine whether nonaversive training based on the Tellington-Touch Equine Awareness Method (TTEAM; Tellington-Jones &Bruns, 1988) would decrease loading time and reduce stress during loading for horses with a history of reluctance to load. Ten horses described by their owners as “problem loaders” were subjected to pretraining and posttraining assessments of loading. Each assessment involved two 7-min loading attempts during which heart rate and saliva cortisol were measured. The training consisted of six 30-min sessions over a 2-week period during which the horse and owner participated in basic leading exercises with obstacles simulating aspects of trailering. Assessment showed heart rate and saliva cortisol increased significantly during loading as compared to baseline (p <.001 and p <.05, respectively). Reassessment after training showed a decrease in loading time (p <.02), reduced heart rate during loading (p <.002), and reduced saliva cortisol as compared to pretraining assessments. Seven “good loaders” also were subject to loading assessment for physiological comparison. Increases in heart rate during loading were significantly higher in the good loaders (p <.001). Nonaversive training simulating aspects of loading may effectively reduce loading time and stress during loading for horses with a history of resistance to trailer loading.
	Address	shanahandvm@yahoo.ca
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1088-8705	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:14965781			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1903
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ferguson, D.L.; Rosales-Ruiz, J.
	Title	Loading the problem loader: the effects of target training and shaping on trailer-loading behavior of horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis	Abbreviated Journal	J Appl Behav Anal
	Volume	34	Issue	4	Pages	409-423
	Keywords	Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Escape Reaction; Female; Horses/psychology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Transportation
	Abstract	The purpose of this study was to develop an effective method for trailer loading horses based on principles of positive reinforcement. Target training and shaping were used to teach trailer-loading behavior to 5 quarter horse mares in a natural setting. All 5 had been trailer loaded before through the use of aversive stimulation. Successive approximations to loading and inappropriate behaviors were the dependent variables. After training a horse to approach a target, the target was moved to various locations inside the trailer. Horses started training on the left side of a two-horse trailer. After a horse was loading on the left side, she was moved to the right side, then to loading half on the right and half on the left. A limited-hold procedure and the presence of a companion horse seemed to facilitate training for 1 horse. Inappropriate behaviors fell to zero immediately after target training, and all the horses successfully completed the shaping sequence. Finally, these effects were observed to generalize to novel conditions (a different trainer and a different trailer).
	Address	University of North Texas, Denton 76203, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8855	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11800182			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1915
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Langbein, J.; Nurnberg, G.; Puppe, B.; Manteuffel, G.
	Title	Self-Controlled Visual Discrimination Learning of Group-Housed Dwarf Goats (Capra hircus): Behavioral Strategies and Effects of Relocation on Learning and Memory			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Journal of Comparative Psychology	Abbreviated Journal	J. Comp. Psychol.
	Volume	120	Issue	1	Pages	58-66
	Keywords	dwarf goats; visual discrimination; operant learning; learning strategies; context
	Abstract	In most studies on animal learning, individual animals are tested separately in a specific learning environment and with a limited number of trials per day. An alternative approach is to test animals in a familiar environment in their social group. In this study, the authors--applying a fully automated learning device--investigated voluntary, self-controlled visual shape discrimination learning of group-housed dwarf goats (Capra hircus). The majority of the tested goats showed successful shape discrimination, which indicates the adaptive value of an effective learning strategy. However, in each group, a few individual goats developed behavioral strategies different from shape discrimination to get reward. Relocation impairs memory retrieval (probably by attention shifting) only temporarily for previously learnt shapes. The results demonstrate the usefulness of a self-controlled learning paradigm to assess learning abilities of social species in their normal social settings. This may be especially relevant for captive animals to improve their welfare.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2140
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Shapiro, A.D.; Janik, V.M.; Slater, P.J.B.
	Title	*A gray seal's (Halichoerus grypus) responses to experimenter-given pointing and directional cues*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Journal of Comparative Psychology	Abbreviated Journal	J Comp Psychol
	Volume	117	Issue	4	Pages	355-362
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition/physiology; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Cues; Eye Movements/physiology; Female; Seals, Earless
	Abstract	A gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) was trained to touch a target on its left or right by responding to pointing signals. The authors then tested whether the seal would be able to generalize spontaneously to altered signals. It responded correctly to center pointing and head turning, center upper body turning, and off-center pointing but not to head turning and eye movements alone. The seal also responded correctly to brief ipsilateral and contralateral points from center and lateral positions. Pointing gestures did not cause the seal to select an object placed centrally behind it. Like many animals in similar studies, this gray seal probably did not understand the referential character of these gestures but rather used signal generalization and experience from initial operant conditioning to solve these tasks.
	Address	School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C. : 1983	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0735-7036	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:14717636			Approved	yes
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4977
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kaiser, D.H.; Zentall, T.R.; Neiman, E.
	Title	Timing in pigeons: effects of the similarity between intertrial interval and gap in a timing signal			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	28	Issue	4	Pages	416-422
	Keywords	Animals; Attention; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; Mental Recall; Probability Learning; Reinforcement (Psychology); Reinforcement Schedule; Retention (Psychology); Time Factors; *Time Perception/physiology
	Abstract	Previous research suggests that when a fixed interval is interrupted (known as the gap procedure), pigeons tend to reset memory and start timing from 0 after the gap. However, because the ambient conditions of the gap typically have been the same as during the intertrial interval (ITI), ambiguity may have resulted. In the present experiment, the authors found that when ambient conditions during the gap were similar to the ITI, pigeons tended to reset memory, but when ambient conditions during the gap were different from the ITI, pigeons tended to stop timing, retain the duration of the stimulus in memory, and add to that time when the stimulus reappeared. Thus, when the gap was unambiguous, pigeons timed accurately.
	Address	Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA. kaiserd@mail.ecu.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:12395499			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	238
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Zentall, T.R.; Kaiser, D.H.; Clement, T.S.; Weaver, J.E.; Campbell, G.
	Title	Presence/absence-sample matching by pigeons: divergent retention functions may result from the similarity of behavior during the absence sample and the retention interval			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	26	Issue	3	Pages	294-304
	Keywords	Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Cues
	Abstract	Divergent choose-absence retention functions typically found in pigeons following presence/absence-sample matching have been attributed to the development of a single-code/default coding strategy. However, such effects may result from adventitious differential responding to the samples. In Experiment 1, retention functions were divergent only when differential sample responding could serve as the basis for comparison choice. In Experiment 2, when pecking did not occur during the retention interval, a choose-absence bias was found, but when pecking occurred during the retention interval, a choose-presence bias resulted. In Experiment 3, positive transfer was found when a stimulus associated with the absence of pecking replaced the absence sample but not when a stimulus associated with pecking replaced the presence sample. Thus, presence/absence-sample matching may not encourage the development of a single-code/default coding strategy in pigeons.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506, USA. zentall@pop.uky.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10913994			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	247
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Skov-Rackette, S.I.; Miller, N.Y.; Shettleworth, S.J.
	Title	What-where-when memory in pigeons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	32	Issue	4	Pages	345-358
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Memory/physiology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Space Perception/physiology; Spatial Behavior/physiology; Teaching; Visual Perception/physiology
	Abstract	The authors report a novel approach to testing episodic-like memory for single events. Pigeons were trained in separate sessions to match the identity of a sample on a touch screen, to match its location, and to report on the length of the retention interval. When these 3 tasks were mixed randomly within sessions, birds were more than 80% correct on each task. However, performance on 2 different tests in succession after each sample was not consistent with an integrated memory for sample location, time, and identity. Experiment 2 tested binding of location and identity memories in 2 different ways. The results were again consistent with independent feature memories. Implications for tests of episodic-like memory are discussed.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17044738			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	357
Permanent link to this record

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 >>

Details

CQL Search | Library Search | Show Record | Extract Citations

Help