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Author |
Burke, D.; Cieplucha, C.; Cass, J.; Russell, F.; Fry, G. |
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Title |
Win-shift and win-stay learning in the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication  |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
79-84 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Echidna/*psychology; Ecology; Female; *Learning; *Memory; *Predatory Behavior; Reinforcement (Psychology) |
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Abstract |
Numerous previous investigators have explained species differences in spatial memory performance in terms of differences in foraging ecology. In three experiments we attempted to extend these findings by examining the extent to which the spatial memory performance of echidnas (or “spiny anteaters”) can be understood in terms of the spatio-temporal distribution of their prey (ants and termites). This is a species and a foraging situation that have not been examined in this way before. Echidnas were better able to learn to avoid a previously rewarding location (to “win-shift”) than to learn to return to a previously rewarding location (to “win-stay”), at short retention intervals, but were unable to learn either of these strategies at retention intervals of 90 min. The short retention interval results support the ecological hypothesis, but the long retention interval results do not. |
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Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. darren_burke@uow.edu.au |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:12150039 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2605 |
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Author |
Schwartz, B.L.; Evans, S. |
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Title |
Episodic memory in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
71-85 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Discrimination Learning; Hominidae/*psychology; Humans; *Memory; Self Concept |
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Abstract |
Episodic memory refers to a system of memory with the capacity to recollect specific events from an individual's life. Some psychologists have suggested that episodic memory is a uniquely human phenomenon. We challenge that idea and present evidence that great apes and other primates may possess episodic-like memory. We review criteria developed to assess episodic-like memory in nonhumans, and how they apply to primates. In particular, we discuss the criteria of Clayton et al. [2001], who stated that episodic-like memory is based on the retrieval of multiple and integrated components of an event. We then review eight studies examining memory in great apes and apply the Clayton et al. criteria to each of them. We summarize the evidence that is compatible with the existence of episodic-like memory, although none of the data completely satisfy the Clayton et al. criteria. Morover, feelings of pastness and feelings of confidence, which mark episodic memory in humans, have not been empirically addressed in nonhuman primates. Future studies should be directed at these aspects of memory in primates. We speculate on the functional significance of episodic memory in nonhuman primates. |
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Address |
Dept of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA. SchwartB@fiu.edu |
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English |
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0275-2565 |
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Notes |
PMID:11668526 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4115 |
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