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Author |
Drevemo, S.; Fredricson, I.; Hjertén, G.; McMIKEN, D. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Early development of gait asymmetries in trotting Standardbred colts |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine. Vet. J. |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
189-191 |
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Summary Ten trotting Standardbred colts were recorded by high-speed cinematography at the ages of eight, 12 and 18 months. The horses were trotting on a treadmill operating at 4.0 m/secs. Five horses were subjected to a programme of intensified training from eight months of age, whereas the others were not trained and acted as controls. The films were analysed on a semi-automatic film-reading equipment and a number of variables used to demonstrate the gait symmetry were calculated and scaled by computer. Certain differences between left and right diagonal and contralateral pair of limbs, respectively, were noted, suggesting that laterality in horses may be inherited. The most pronounced systematic differences were found in 18-month old horses in the trained group. The results show the importance of careful gait examination and comprehensive coordination training at an early age. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1987.tb01373.x |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6702 |
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Author |
Goodwin, D. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
The importance of ethology in understanding the behaviour of the horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
S28 |
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15-19 |
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Keywords |
horse; behaviour; domestication; interspecific communication |
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Abstract |
Summary Domestication has provided the horse with food, shelter, veterinary care and protection, allowing individuals an increased chance of survival. However, the restriction of movement, limited breeding opportunities and a requirement to expend energy, for the benefit of another species, conflict with the evolutionary processes which shaped the behaviour of its predecessors. The behaviour of the horse is defined by its niche as a social prey species but many of the traits which ensured the survival of its ancestors are difficult to accommodate in the domestic environment. There has been a long association between horses and man and many features of equine behaviour suggest a predisposition to interspecific cooperation. However, the importance of dominance in human understanding of social systems has tended to overemphasise its importance in the human-horse relationship. The evolving horse-human relationship from predation to companionship, has resulted in serial conflicts of interest for equine and human participants. Only by understanding the nature and origin of these conflicts can ethologists encourage equine management practices which minimise deleterious effects on the behaviour of the horse. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6714 |
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Author |
Davies, H.M.S.; Merritt, J.S. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Surface strains around the midshaft of the third metacarpal bone during turning |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
689-692 |
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Keywords |
horse; exercise; strain; third metacarpal bone; turns |
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Summary Reasons for performing study: Bone strains quantify skeletal effects of specific exercise and hence assist in designing training programmes to avoid bone injury. Objective: To test whether compressive strains increase on the lateral surface of the inside third metacarpal bone (McIII) and the medial surface of the outside McIII in a turn. Methods: Rosette strain gauges on dorsal, medial and lateral surfaces of the midshaft of the left McIII in 2 Thoroughbred geldings were recorded simultaneously during turning at the walk on a bitumen surface. Results: Medial surface: Compression peaks were larger in the outside limb. Tension peaks were larger in the inside limb and in a tighter turn. On the lateral surface compression and tension peaks were larger on the inside limb, which showed the largest recorded strains (compression of -1400 microstrains). Dorsal compression strains were larger on the outside limb and on a larger circle. Tensile strains were similar in both directions and larger on a larger circle. Conclusions: Compressive strains increased on the lateral surface of the inside McIII and medial surface of the outside McIII in a turn. Potential relevance: Slow-speed turning exercise may be sufficient to maintain bone mechanical characteristics in the inside limb lateral McIII cortex. Further work is needed to confirm these findings and to determine whether faster gaits and/or tighter turns are sufficient to cause bone modelling levels of strain in the medial and lateral McIII cortex. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6715 |
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Author |
Krange, O.; Skogen, K. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
When the lads go hunting: The 'Hammertown mechanism' and the conflict over wolves in Norway |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
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Ethnography |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethnography |
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12 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
466-489 |
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Rural communities are changing. Depopulation and unemployment is accompanied by the advance of new perspectives on nature, where protection trumps resource extraction. These developments are perceived as threatening by rural working-class people with close ties to traditional land use ? a situation they often meet with cultural resistance. Cultural resistance is not necessarily launched against institutionalized power, nor does it necessarily imply a desire for fundamental social change. It should rather be seen as a struggle for autonomy. However, autonomy does not entail influence outside the cultural realm. Struggles to uphold traditional rural lifestyles ? for example by denouncing the current nature conservation regime ? could be understood in much the same conceptual framework as Willis employed in ?Learning to labour?. Based on an ethnographic study of the conflicts over wolf protection, we demonstrate that ?the Hammertown mechanism? is of a more general nature than often implied in the discussion of Willis? work. |
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SAGE Publications |
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1466-1381 |
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doi: 10.1177/1466138110397227 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6425 |
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Author |
Zaccaroni, M.; Passilongo, D.; Buccianti, A.; Dessi-Fulgheri, F.; Facchini, C.; Gazzola, A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Group specific vocal signature in free- ranging wolf packs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Ethol Ecol Evol |
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24 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zaccaroni2012 |
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6470 |
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Author |
Rutberg, A.T. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Horse Fly Harassment and the Social Behavior of Feral Ponies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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75 |
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2 |
Pages |
145-154 |
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Abstract Horse flies (Tabanidae) on and around feral ponies in harem groups were counted at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland, U.S.A., between June and August 1985. Harem stallions attracted the most flies; adult mares showed intermediate fly numbers, while few flies landed on foals under any circumstances. The use of thermal and chemical cues by flies selecting a host may have helped create this disparity. When flies were abundant, ponies reduced spacing within the group. Ponies in larger groups suffered from fewer flies than ponies in smaller groups. There was, however, no evidence that ponies merged into larger groups in response to fly harassment, suggesting that biting flies play little role in structuring pony social organization. |
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Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) |
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0179-1613 |
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doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00648.x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6417 |
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Author |
Meriggi, A.; Dagradi, V.; Dondina, O.; Perversi, M.; Milanesi, P.; Lombardini, M.; Raviglione, S.; Repossi, A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Short-term responses of wolf feeding habits to changes of wild and domestic ungulate abundance in Northern Italy |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
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Ethology Ecology & Evolution |
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27 |
Issue |
4 |
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389-411 |
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Taylor & Francis |
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0394-9370 |
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doi: 10.1080/03949370.2014.986768 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6688 |
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Author |
Iliopoulos, Y.; Youlatos, D.; Sgardelis, S. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Wolf pack rendezvous site selection in Greece is mainly affected by anthropogenic landscape features |
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2013 |
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Eur J Wildl Res |
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60 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Iliopoulos2013 |
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6478 |
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Author |
Galaverni, M.; Palumbo, D.; Fabbri, E.; Caniglia, R.; Greco, C.; Randi, E. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Monitoring wolves (Canis lupus) by non-invasive genetics and camera trapping: A small-scale pilot study |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Eur J Wildl Res |
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58 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Galaverni2012 |
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6479 |
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Author |
Maury, M.; Murphy, K.; Kumar, S.; Mauerer, A.; Lee, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Spray-drying of proteins: effects of sorbitol and trehalose on aggregation and FT-IR amide I spectrum of an immunoglobulin G |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics |
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Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. |
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59 |
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2 |
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251-261 |
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Immunoglobulin; Spray-drying; Stabilization; Sorbitol; Trehalose; Water replacement |
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An immunoglobulin G (IgG) was spray-dried on a Büchi 190 laboratory spray-dryer at inlet and outlet air temperatures of 130 and 190°C, respectively. The IgG solution contains initially 115mg/ml IgG plus 50mg/ml sorbitol. After dialysis, at least 80% of low molecular weight component was removed. After spray-drying the dialyzed IgG and immediate redissolution of the powder, an increase in aggregates from 1 to 17% occurred. A major shift towards increase β-sheet structure was detected in the spray-dried solid, which, however, reverted to native structure on redissolution of the powder. A correlation between aggregation determined by size exclusion chromatography and alterations in secondary structure determined by Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy could not therefore be established. On spray-drying a non-dialyzed, sorbitol-containing IgG only some 0.7% aggregates were formed. The sorbitol is therefore evidently able to stabilize partially the IgG during the process of spray-drying. Addition of trehalose to the liquid feed produced quantitatively the same stabilizing action on the IgG during spray-drying as did the sorbitol. This finding again points towards a water replacement stabilization mechanism. The IgG spray-dried powder prepared from the dialyzed liquid feed showed continued substantial aggregation on dry storage at 25°C. This was substantially less in the non-dialyzed, sorbitol-containing spray-dried powder. Addition of trehalose to both dialyzed and non-dialyzed system produced substantial improvement in storage stability and reduction in aggregate formation in storage. The quantitative stabilizing effect of the trehalose was only slightly higher than that of the sorbitol. Taken together, these results indicate that both the sorbitol and trehalose stabilize the IgG primarily by a water replacement mechanism rather than by glassy immobilization. The relevance of this work is its questioning of the importance of the usually considered dominance of glassy stabilization of protein in dried systems of high glass transition temperature, such as trehalose. The low glass transition temperature sorbitol produces almost equal process and storage stability in this case. |
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0939-6411 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6515 |
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