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Author Hoang, L.; Maity, H.; Krishna, M.M.G.; Lin, Y.; Englander, S.W. openurl 
  Title Folding units govern the cytochrome c alkaline transition Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication (up) Journal of Molecular Biology Abbreviated Journal J Mol Biol  
  Volume 331 Issue 1 Pages 37-43  
  Keywords Animals; Cytochrome c Group/*chemistry; Horses; Hydrogen/chemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; *Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrum Analysis; Titrimetry  
  Abstract The alkaline transition of cytochrome c is a model for protein structural switching in which the normal heme ligand is replaced by another group. Stopped flow data following a jump to high pH detect two slow kinetic phases, suggesting two rate-limiting structure changes. Results described here indicate that these events are controlled by the same structural unfolding reactions that account for the first two steps in the reversible unfolding pathway of cytochrome c. These and other results show that the cooperative folding-unfolding behavior of protein foldons can account for a variety of functional activities in addition to determining folding pathways.  
  Address Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA. lhoang@mail.upenn.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-2836 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12875834 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3781  
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Author Miksovska, J.; Larsen, R.W. openurl 
  Title Photothermal studies of pH induced unfolding of apomyoglobin Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication (up) Journal of Protein Chemistry Abbreviated Journal J Protein Chem  
  Volume 22 Issue 4 Pages 387-394  
  Keywords Acoustics; Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism; Circular Dichroism; Horses; Myocardium/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry/metabolism; Photolysis; Protein Conformation/radiation effects; Protein Denaturation/radiation effects; *Protein Folding; Temperature; Thermodynamics  
  Abstract Conformational dynamic and enthalpy changes associated with pH induced unfolding of apomyoglobin were studied using photoacoustic calorimetry and photothermal beam deflection methods. The transition between the native state and the I intermediate was induced by a nanosecond pH jump from o-nitrobenzaldehyde photolysis. Deconvolution of photoacoustic waves indicates two kinetic processes. The fast phase (T < 50 ns) is characterized by a volume expansion of 8.8 ml mol(-1). This process is followed by a volume contraction of about -22 ml mol(-1) (tau approximately 500 ns). Photothermal beam deflection measurements do not reveal any volume changes on the time scale between approximately 100 micros and 5 ms. We associate the volume contraction with structural changes occurring during the transition between the native state and the I intermediate. The lack of any processes on the ms time scale may indicate the absence of structural events involving larger conformational changes of apomyoglobin after the pH jump.  
  Address Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0277-8033 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:13678303 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3780  
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Perlin, M.; Atlas, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The Evolution of Group-beneficial Traits in the Absence of Between-group Selection Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication (up) Journal of Theoretical Biology Abbreviated Journal J. Theor. Biol.  
  Volume 220 Issue 1 Pages 67-74  
  Keywords  
  Abstract One specific prediction emerging from trait-group models of natural selection is that when individuals possess traits that benefit other group members, natural selection will favor “cheating” (i.e. not possessing the group-beneficial trait) within groups. Cheating is selected within groups because it allows individuals to avoid bearing the relative costs typically associated with group-beneficial traits, but to still reap the benefits associated with the acts of other group members. Selection between groups favors traits that benefit other group members. The relative strength of within- and between-group selection then determines the equilibrium frequency of those who produce group-beneficial traits and those that do not. Here we demonstrate that individual-level selection, that is selection within groups can also produce an intermediate frequency of such group-beneficial traits by frequency-dependent selection. The models we develop are general in nature, but were inspired by the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The theory developed here is distinct from prior work that relies on reciprocity or kinship per'se to achieve cooperation and altruism among group members.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 491  
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Author Nakamaru, M.; Sasaki, A. url  openurl
  Title Can transitive inference evolve in animals playing the hawk-dove game? Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication (up) Journal of Theoretical Biology Abbreviated Journal J. Theor. Biol.  
  Volume 222 Issue 4 Pages 461-470  
  Keywords Hawk-dove game; Ess; Transitive inference; Resource holding potential  
  Abstract What should an individual do if there are no reliable cues to the strength of a competitor when fighting with it for resources? We herein examine the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) in the hawk-dove game, if the opponent's resource-holding potential (RHP) can only indirectly be inferred from the outcome of past interactions in the population. The strategies we examined include the classical mixed strategy in which no information on past games is utilized, the `imprinting' strategy in which a player increases/decreases its aggressiveness if it wins/loses a game, the `immediate inference' strategy in which a player can infer the strength of those opponents it fought before, and the `transitive inference' strategy in which a player can infer the strength of a new opponent through a third party with which both players have fought before. Invasibility analysis for each pair of strategies revealed that (i) the transitive-inference strategy can always invade the mixed strategy and the imprinting strategy, and itself refuses invasion by these strategies; (ii) the largest advantage for transitive inference is achieved when the number of games played per individual in one generation is small and when the cost of losing an escalated game is large; (iii) the immediate inference, rather than the transitive inference, can be an ESS if the cost of fighting is small; (iv) a strong linear ranking is established in the population of transitive-inference strategists, though it does not perfectly correlate to the ranking by actual RHPs. We found that the advantage of the transitive inference is not in its ability to correct a misassessment (it is actually the worst in doing so), but in the ability of quickly lining up either incorrect or correct assessments to form a linear dominance hierarchy.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 601  
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Author Faber, M.J.; van Weeren, P.R.; Schepers, M.; Barneveld, A. openurl 
  Title Long-term follow-up of manipulative treatment in a horse with back problems Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication (up) Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine Abbreviated Journal J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med  
  Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 241-245  
  Keywords Animals; Female; Horse Diseases/*physiopathology/*therapy; Horses; Manipulation, Spinal/*veterinary; Range of Motion, Articular; Scoliosis/physiopathology/therapy/*veterinary; Severity of Illness Index; Thoracic Vertebrae  
  Abstract In order to objectively quantify the effect of manipulation on back-related locomotion anomalies in the horse, a recently developed kinematic measuring technique for the objective quantification of thoracolumbar motion in the horse was applied in a dressage horse that was suffering from a back problem. In this horse, clinically, a right-convex bending (scoliosis) from the 10th thoracic vertebra to the second lumbar vertebra was diagnosed. As a result, there was a marked asymmetric movement of the thoracolumbar spine. Functionally, there was severe loss of performance. Thoracolumbar motion was measured in terms of ventrodorsal flexion, lateral flexion, and axial rotation using an automated gait analysis system. Measurements were repeated before and 2 days after treatment, before the second treatment 3 weeks later, and at 4 weeks and 8 months after the second treatment to assess long-term effect. At the same time, performance of the horse was assessed subjectively by the trainer as well. Symmetry of movement improved dramatically after the first treatment. After this, there was a slight decrease in symmetry, but 8 months after the last treatment the symmetry indexes for the various joints were still considerably better than during the first (pre-treatment) measuring session. Subjectively, the trainer did not notice improvement until after measurement session 4. Between sessions 4 and 5 (at 4 weeks and 8 months after the second treatment) there was a change of trainer. The new trainer did not report any back problem, and succeeded in bringing the horse back to its former level in competition. It is concluded that manipulation had a measurable influence on the kinematics of the thoracolumbar spine. However, it is recognized that an improvement in symmetry of motion is not equivalent to clinical improvement and that other measures, such as changes in management, may be more decisive.  
  Address Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0931-184X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:14567510 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3720  
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Author Passler, S.; Pfeffer, M. openurl 
  Title Detection of antibodies to alphaviruses and discrimination between antibodies to eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses in rabbit sera using a recombinant antigen and virus-specific monoclonal antibodies Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication (up) Journal of Veterinary Medicine. B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health Abbreviated Journal J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health  
  Volume 50 Issue 6 Pages 265-269  
  Keywords Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis/blood; DNA Primers; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/genetics/*immunology; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/genetics/*immunology; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/*diagnosis/*virology; Epitopes; Fluorescent Antibody Technique/*veterinary; Horses; Rabbits; Recombination, Genetic; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary  
  Abstract Three arthropod-borne alphaviruses, western equine encephalitis viruses (WEEV), eastern equine encephalitis viruses (EEEV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are the aetiological agents of a sometimes severe encephalomyelitis in equines and humans in the New World. With regard to the different ecology and epidemiology of these viruses, a method applied in serological screening should be able to distinguish between them as well as other related members of the genus Alphavirus in the American continent. However, this has been hampered in the past by (a) the close antigenic relationship between alphaviruses in traditional serological assays, especially in the routinely used haemagglutination-inhibition, and (b) the need of biosafety level 3 facilities to grow the viral antigens. An epitope blocking assay using an EEEV glycoprotein E1-expressing recombinant Sindbis virus and virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) binding to the E1 of EEEV (strain NJ/60) and the E1 of Sindbis virus was established using automated flow cytometry. The test was evaluated using sera of infected and vaccinated rabbits. A cut-off value of 30% inhibition for antigenic complex-specific seroconversion was found to be sufficient for the detection of the respective infection. By using three different mAbs in parallel, we were able to detect alphavirus genus-, EEEV- and WEEV-complex-specific serum antibodies. As this test is based on the inhibition of binding of virus-specific mAbs, sera of every origin other than mouse can be tested. Thus, this assay may prove useful in the serological screening of a variety of animal species during an outbreak investigation.  
  Address Institute for Medical Microbiology, Infectious and Epidemic Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0931-1793 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:14628996 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2639  
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Author de Villiers, M.S.; Richardson, P.R.K.; van Jaarsveld, A.S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Patterns of coalition formation and spatial association in a social carnivore, the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication (up) Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal J Zool  
  Volume 260 Issue 4 Pages 377-389  
  Keywords coalitions; social systems; Carnivora; Lycaon pictus  
  Abstract In many social species, relationships within groups seem to be non-random but related to variables such as rank, kinship or sexual attractiveness. The endangered African wild dog Lycaon pictus is a social carnivore that lives in large, stable packs, and intra-pack associations might be expected to display similar patterns. We investigated patterns of coalition formation (support during dominance interactions, and partnership interactions) and resting associations between members of a captive pack of 19 wild dogs. The social organization of the captive pack was similar to that of free-ranging packs in many respects. Polyadic (group) incidents of coalition support were also observed in a free-ranging pack. Patterns of coalition formation in the captive pack were related to rank. Most aggressive interactions involved high-ranking individuals (particularly the alpha, beta and third-ranking males) and coalitionary support tended to reinforce the existing hierarchy. However, there was at least one example of support influencing a successful rank challenge. Support was affected by potential risks and benefits, the latter including dominance through association and revolutionary alliances. An even stronger pattern overlaid associations between pack members: coalitions and resting associations were strongest between members of the same age–sex cohort, and may have enabled the eventual dominance of younger pack members over adults. Among adults, coalitionary associations were sometimes overridden by intersexual relationships. The results from this captive pack suggest that wild dogs are sensitive to differences in competitive ability. This information, in conjunction with strong affiliative bonds between littermates, is used to manoeuvre for position in the social hierarchy. It may also be important during dispersal, in encounters with other dispersing groups of the same sex. Although most features of the social structure of the captive pack were comparable to those of free-ranging packs, aspects such as the influence of relatedness on coalition formation still need to be explored.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1469-7998 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5249  
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Author Gibson, B.M.; Shettleworth, S.J. openurl 
  Title Competition among spatial cues in a naturalistic food-carrying task Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication (up) Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication Abbreviated Journal Learn Behav  
  Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 143-159  
  Keywords Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; *Association Learning; *Attention; Choice Behavior; *Cues; *Discrimination Learning; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior  
  Abstract Rats collected nuts from a container in a large arena in four experiments testing how learning about a beacon or cue at a goal interacts with learning about other spatial cues (place learning). Place learning was quick, with little evidence of competition from the beacon (Experiments 1 and 2). Rats trained to approach a beacon regardless of its location were subsequently impaired when the well-learned beacon was removed and other spatial cues identified the location of the goal (Experiment 3). The competition between beacon and place cues reflected learned irrelevance for place cues (Experiment 4). The findings differ from those of some studies of associative interactions between cue and place learning in other paradigms.  
  Address University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1543-4494 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12882373 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 368  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Wallin, L.; Strandberg, E.; Philipsson, J. url  openurl
  Title Genetic correlations between field test results of Swedish Warmblood Riding Horses as 4-year-olds and lifetime performance results in dressage and show jumping Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication (up) Livestock Production Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 61-71  
  Keywords Horse; Performance test; Competition results; Animal model; Heritability; Genetic correlation  
  Abstract The main objective of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between traits of young sport horses (4 years old) evaluated in the Swedish Riding Horse Quality Test (RHQT) and later competition results in dressage and show jumping. The data comprised 3708 Warmblood horses born between 1968 and 1982 that had participated in the RHQT as 4-year-olds and 25[punctuation space]605 horses born between 1953 and 1995 with competition records. According to the criteria between 1206 and 1879 horses were common to this two files and were available for the estimations of the genetic correlations. Competition performance traits were cumulative points and cumulative placings received during a horse's lifetime, and a log10 transformation was used to achieve a more normal distribution of the data. Genetic correlations between gait traits scored in the RHQT and competition results in dressage were favourable, in the range 0.63-0.75, and between jumping traits scored in the RHQT and results in show jumping 0.83-0.93. Estimated heritabilities for gait and jumping traits scored in the RHQT were in the range 0.09-0.27 and 0.10-0.18, respectively. Estimated heritabilities for the cumulative points and cumulative placings in dressage and show jumping were 0.17/0.16 and 0.23/0.27, respectively. Thus, the results from the RHQT have proved to be useful for early genetic evaluation and selection of both mares and stallions for sport performance traits.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3956  
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Author Barker, S.C. openurl 
  Title The Australian paralysis tick may be the missing link in the transmission of Hendra virus from bats to horses to humans Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication (up) Medical Hypotheses Abbreviated Journal Med Hypotheses  
  Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 481-483  
  Keywords Animals; Chiroptera; *Disease Transmission; Ecology; Hendra Virus/*pathogenicity; Horses; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Ticks/*virology  
  Abstract Hendra virus is a new virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. This virus was first detected in Queensland, Australia, in 1994; although, it seems that the virus has infected fruit-eating bats (flying-foxes) for a very long time. At least 2 humans and 15 horses have been killed by this virus since it first emerged as a virus that may infect mammals other than flying-foxes. Hendra virus is thought to have moved from flying-foxes to horses, and then from horses to people. There is a reasonably strong hypothesis for horse-to-human transmission: transmission of virus via nasal discharge, saliva and/or urine. In contrast, there is no strong hypothesis for flying-fox-to-human transmission. I present evidence that the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus, which has apparently only recently become a parasite of flying-foxes, may transmit Hendra virus and perhaps related viruses from flying-foxes to horses and other mammals.  
  Address Department of Microbiology and Parisitology, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, ARC Special Research Center for Functional and Applied Genomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. s.barker@imb.uq.edu.au  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0306-9877 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12615503 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2641  
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