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Author |
Gácsi, M.; Kara, E.; Belényi, B.; Topál, J.; Miklósi, Á. |
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Title |
The effect of development and individual differences in pointing comprehension of dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication  |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
471-479 |
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Keywords |
Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; *Association Learning; Attention; Chi-Square Distribution; Choice Behavior; *Comprehension; *Concept Formation; Dogs/*psychology; Female; *Gestures; Humans; Male; Orientation; Statistics, Nonparametric |
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Abstract |
In spite of the rather different procedures actually used in comparative studies to test the ability of different species to rely on the human pointing gesture, there is no debate on the high performance of dogs in such tasks. Very little is known, however, on the course through which they acquire this ability or the probable factors influencing the process. Important developmental questions have remained unsolved and also some methodological concerns should be addressed before we can convincingly argue for one interpretation or another. In this study we tested 180 dogs of different age (from 2 months to adults) to investigate their performance in the human distal momentary pointing gesture. The results, analyzed at both the group and the individual levels, showed no difference in the performance according to age, indicating that in dogs the comprehension of the human pointing may require only very limited and rapid early learning to fully develop. Interestingly, neither the keeping conditions nor the time spent in active interaction with the owner, and not even some special (agility) training for using human visual cues, had significant effect on the success and explained individual differences. The performance of the dogs was rather stable over time: during the 20 trials within a session and even when subsamples of different age were repeatedly tested. Considering that in spite of the general success at the group level, more than half of the dogs were not successful at the individual level, we revealed alternative “decision-making rules” other than following the pointing gesture of the experimenter. |
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Department of Ethology, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary. gm.art@t-online.hu |
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1435-9456 |
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PMID:19130102 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4969 |
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Author |
Ishida, N.; Hirano, T.; Mukoyama, H. |
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Title |
Detection of aberrant alleles in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
287 |
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Keywords |
*Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; *DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics; Female; Gene Frequency; Genomic Imprinting; Horses/*genetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedigree; *Polymorphism, Genetic |
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Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo |
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0268-9146 |
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PMID:7985852 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2213 |
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Author |
Oakenfull, E.A.; Ryder, O.A. |
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Title |
Mitochondrial control region and 12S rRNA variation in Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
456-459 |
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Keywords |
Animals; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics; Female; *Genetic Variation; Horses/*genetics; Male; Pedigree; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics |
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Abstract |
Variation in the control region and the 12S rRNA gene of all surviving mitochondrial lineages of Przewalski's horse was investigated. Variation is low despite the present day population being descended from 13 individuals probably representing animals from three different regions of its range. Phylogenetic comparison of these sequences, with sequences for the domestic horse, does not resolve the ancestral status of either horse. |
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Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, CA 92112, USA |
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0268-9146 |
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PMID:9883508 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5040 |
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Author |
Shalaby, A.M. |
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Title |
Host-preference observations on Anopheles culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae) in Gujarat State, India |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Annals of the Entomological Society of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Entomol Soc Am |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1270-1273 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Anopheles; Cattle; *Ddt; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Goats; Horses; Humans; India; *Insect Vectors; *Insecticide Resistance; Precipitin Tests; Sheep |
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0013-8746 |
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PMID:5374165 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2739 |
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Author |
Parish, A.R.; De Waal, F.B. |
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Title |
The other “closest living relative”. How bonobos (Pan paniscus) challenge traditional assumptions about females, dominance, intra- and intersexual interactions, and hominid evolution |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
907 |
Issue |
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Pages |
97-113 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Evolution; Female; Hominidae/*physiology; Humans; *Interpersonal Relations; Male; Pan paniscus/*physiology; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) societies are typically characterized as physically aggressive, male-bonded and male-dominated. Their close relatives, the bonobos (Pan paniscus), differ in startling and significant ways. For instance, female bonobos bond with one another, form coalitions, and dominate males. A pattern of reluctance to consider, let alone acknowledge, female dominance in bonobos exists, however. Because both species are equally “man's” closest relative, the bonobo social system complicates models of human evolution that have historically been based upon referents that are male and chimpanzee-like. The bonobo evidence suggests that models of human evolution must be reformulated such that they also accommodate: real and meaningful female bonds; the possibility of systematic female dominance over males; female mating strategies which encompass extra-group paternities; hunting and meat distribution by females; the importance of the sharing of plant foods; affinitive inter-community interactions; males that do not stalk and attack and are not territorial; and flexible social relationships in which philopatry does not necessarily predict bonding pattern. |
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Department of Anthropology, University College London, England |
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0077-8923 |
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Notes |
PMID:10818623 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
189 |
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Author |
Hinde, R.A. |
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Title |
Analyzing the roles of the partners in a behavioral interaction--mother-infant relations in rhesus macaques |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
159 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
651-667 |
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Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Group Processes; Haplorhini; Leadership; Maternal Deprivation; *Mother-Child Relations; *Role; Time Factors |
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0077-8923 |
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Notes |
PMID:4981882 |
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Serial |
2054 |
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Author |
Thiel, D.; Jenni-Eiermann, S.; Palme, R. |
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Title |
Measuring corticosterone metabolites in droppings of capercaillies (Tetrao urogallus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
1046 |
Issue |
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Pages |
96-108 |
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Keywords |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/administration & dosage/analysis/metabolism; Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Corticosterone/administration & dosage/*analysis/*metabolism; Feces/*chemistry; Female; Freezing; Galliformes/*metabolism; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Factors; Temperature; Time Factors; Tritium/diagnostic use |
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Abstract |
The capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), the largest grouse species in the world, is decreasing in numbers in major parts of its distribution range. Disturbances by human outdoor activities are discussed as a possible reason for this population decline. An indicator for disturbances is the increase of the glucocorticoid corticosterone, a stress hormone, which helps to cope with life-threatening situations. However, repeated disturbances might result in a long-term increase of the basal corticosterone concentration, which can result in detrimental effects like reduced fitness and survival of an animal. To measure corticosterone metabolites (CMs) noninvasively in the droppings of free-living capercaillies, first an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in captive birds had to be selected and validated. Therefore, the excretion pattern of intravenously injected radiolabeled corticosterone was determined and 3H metabolites were characterized. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations of the samples containing peak concentrations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized. The HPLC fractions were tested in several EIAs for glucocorticoid metabolites. The physiological relevance of this method was proved after pharmacological stimulation of the adrenocortical activity. Only the recently established cortisone assay, measuring CMs with a 3,11-dione structure, detected an expressed increase of concentrations following ACTH stimulation. To set up a sampling protocol suited for the field, we examined the influence of various storage conditions and time of day on concentrations of CMs. |
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Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland. dominik.thiel@vogelwarte.ch |
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0077-8923 |
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PMID:16055846 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4079 |
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Author |
Baltic, M.; Jenni-Eiermann, S.; Arlettaz, R.; Palme, R. |
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Title |
A noninvasive technique to evaluate human-generated stress in the black grouse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
1046 |
Issue |
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Pages |
81-95 |
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Keywords |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism; Animals; Bird Diseases/*metabolism; Conservation of Natural Resources; Corticosterone/*metabolism; Ecosystem; Feces/*chemistry; Female; Galliformes/*metabolism; Immunoenzyme Techniques/methods/veterinary; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Stress/metabolism/*veterinary; Tritium/diagnostic use |
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The continuous development of tourism and related leisure activities is exerting an increasingly intense pressure on wildlife. In this study, a novel noninvasive method for measuring stress in the black grouse, an endangered, emblematic species of European ecosystems that is currently declining in several parts of its European range, is tested and physiologically validated. A radiometabolism study and an ACTH challenge test were performed on four captive black grouse (two of each sex) in order to get basic information about the metabolism and excretion of corticosterone and to find an appropriate enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) to measure its metabolites in the feces. Peak radioactivity in the droppings was detected within 1 to 2 hours. Injected (3)H-corticosterone was excreted as polar metabolites and by itself was almost absent. A cortisone-EIA was chosen from among seven tested EIAs for different groups of glucocorticoid metabolites, because it cross-reacted with some of the formed metabolites and best reflected the increase of excreted corticosterone metabolites, after the ACTH challenge test. Concentrations of the metabolites from fecal samples collected from snow burrows of free-ranging black grouse were within the same range as in captive birds. The noninvasive method described may be appropriate for evaluating the stress faced by free-living black grouse populations in the wild, particularly in mountain ecosystems where human disturbance, especially by winter sports, is of increasing conservation concern. |
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Zoological Institute, Division of Conservation Biology, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland |
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0077-8923 |
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Notes |
PMID:16055845 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4080 |
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Author |
Zhang, T.-Y.; Parent, C.; Weaver, I.; Meaney, M.J. |
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Title |
Maternal programming of individual differences in defensive responses in the rat |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
1032 |
Issue |
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Pages |
85-103 |
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Keywords |
Adaptation, Biological; Aggression/*physiology; Animals; Evolution; Female; Gene Expression/physiology; Humans; Individuality; *Maternal Behavior; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology |
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Abstract |
This paper describes the results of a series of studies showing that variations in mother-pup interactions program the development of individual differences in behavioral and endocrine stress responses in the rat. These effects are associated with altered expression of genes in brain regions, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, that regulate the expression of stress responses. Studies from evolutionary biology suggest that such “maternal effects” are common and often associated with variations in the quality of the maternal environment. Together these findings suggest an epigenetic process whereby the experience of the mother alters the nature of the parent-offspring interactions and thus the phenotype of the offspring. |
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McGill Program for the Study of Behavior, Genes and Environment, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 boul. LaSalle, Montreal (Quebec), Canada H4H 1R3 |
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0077-8923 |
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PMID:15677397 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4132 |
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Author |
Ribeiro, H.S.; Larangeira, N.L.; Paiva, F. |
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Title |
[Prevalence of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (Cobbald, 1884) Railiet & Henry 1907, in Pantaneira breed horses of the region of Pocone, MT] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Arquivos do Instituto Biologico |
Abbreviated Journal |
Arq Inst Biol (Sao Paulo) |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
107-110 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Brazil; Dictyocaulus/*isolation & purification; Ecology; Female; Horses/*parasitology; Male; Metastrongyloidea/*isolation & purification; Seasons |
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The authors sacrificed fifty-five horses originated from the “Pantanal”, lowlands in the State of Mato Grosso in two different periods, droughty period and flooded and they described for the first time the Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in Mato Grosso. Relationship between droughty and flooded periods proved not to occur. |
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Portuguese |
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Prevalencia de Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (Cobbald, 1884) Railiet & Henry 1907, em cavalos de raca pantaneira da regiao de Pocone, MT |
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0020-3653 |
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PMID:554599 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2693 |
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