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Author |
Berger, K.M. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Carnivore-Livestock conflicts: effects of subsidized predator control and economic correlates on the sheep industry |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Conserv Biol |
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20 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Berger2006 |
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6448 |
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Biro, D.; Sumpter, D.J.T.; Meade, J.; Guilford, T. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
From Compromise to Leadership in Pigeon Homing |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Current Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
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16 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
2123-2128 |
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Animal Migration; Animals; Columbidae/*physiology; Decision Making; *Flight, Animal; *Homing Behavior; Models, Biological; Orientation; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance |
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Summary A central problem faced by animals traveling in groups is how navigational decisions by group members are integrated, especially when members cannot assess which individuals are best informed or have conflicting information or interests , , , and . Pigeons are now known to recapitulate faithfully their individually distinct habitual routes home , and , and this provides a novel paradigm for investigating collective decisions during flight under varying levels of interindividual conflict. Using high-precision GPS tracking of pairs of pigeons, we found that if conflict between two birds' directional preferences was small, individuals averaged their routes, whereas if conflict rose over a critical threshold, either the pair split or one of the birds became the leader. Modeling such paired decision-making showed that both outcomes--compromise and leadership--could emerge from the same set of simple behavioral rules. Pairs also navigated more efficiently than did the individuals of which they were composed, even though leadership was not necessarily assumed by the more efficient bird. In the context of mass migration of birds and other animals, our results imply that simple self-organizing rules can produce behaviors that improve accuracy in decision-making and thus benefit individuals traveling in groups , and . |
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Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom. daro.biro@zoo.ox.ac.uk |
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Englisch |
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0960-9822 |
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PMID:17084696 |
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2026 |
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Chappell J |
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Title |
Avian cognition: understanding tool use |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Current Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr. Biol. |
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16 |
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244 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3058 |
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Seed AM; Tebbich S; Emery NJ; Clayton NS |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Investigating physical cognition in rooks (Corvus frugilegus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Current Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr. Biol. |
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16 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
697-701 |
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Sysneuro |
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Summary Although animals (particularly tool-users) are capable of solving physical tasks in the laboratory and the degree to which they understand them in terms of their underlying physical forces is a matter of contention. Here, using a new paradigm, the two-trap tube task, we report the performance of non-tool-using rooks. In contrast to the low success rates of previous studies using trap-tube problems , , and , seven out of eight rooks solved the initial task, and did so rapidly. Instead of the usual, conceptually flawed control, we used a series of novel transfer tasks to test for understanding. All seven transferred their solution across a change in stimuli. However, six out of seven were unable to transfer to two further tasks, which did not share any one visual constant. One female was able to solve these further transfer tasks. Her result is suggestive evidence that rooks are capable of sophisticated physical cognition, if not through an understanding of unobservable forces and , perhaps through rule abstraction. Our results highlight the need to investigate cognitive mechanisms other than causal understanding in studying animal physical cognition. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3076 |
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Author |
Byrne, R.W.; Bates, L.A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Why are animals cognitive? |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Current Biology : CB |
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Curr Biol |
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16 |
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12 |
Pages |
R445-8 |
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Animals; Arachnida/physiology; *Association Learning; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Cooperative Behavior; Falconiformes/physiology; Pan troglodytes/physiology; Parrots/physiology; Passeriformes/physiology |
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Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland |
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0960-9822 |
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PMID:16781995 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4708 |
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Author |
Edwards, D.H.; Spitzer, N. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
6. Social dominance and serotonin receptor genes in crayfish |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Current Topics in Developmental Biology |
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Curr Top Dev Biol |
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74 |
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177-199 |
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Animals; Astacoidea/*genetics/physiology; Humans; Receptors, Serotonin/*genetics; Serotonin/physiology; *Social Dominance |
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Gene expression affects social behavior only through changes in the excitabilities of neural circuits that govern the release of the relevant motor programs. In turn, social behavior affects gene expression only through patterns of sensory stimulation that produce significant activation of relevant portions of the nervous system. In crayfish, social interactions between pairs of animals lead to changes in behavior that mark the formation of a dominance hierarchy. Those changes in behavior result from changes in the excitability of specific neural circuits. In the new subordinate, circuits for offensive behavior become less excitable and those for defensive behavior become more excitable. Serotonin, which is implicated in mechanisms for social dominance in many animals, modulates circuits for escape and avoidance responses in crayfish. The modulatory effects of serotonin on the escape circuits have been found to change with social dominance, becoming excitatory in dominant crayfish and inhibitory in subordinates. These changes in serotonin's effects on escape affect the synaptic response to sensory input of a single cell, the lateral giant (LG) command neuron for escape. Moreover, these changes occur over a 2-week period and for the subordinate are reversible at any time following a reversal of the animal's status. The results have suggested that a persistent change in social status leads to a gradual change in the expression of serotonin receptors to a pattern that is more appropriate for the new status. To test that hypothesis, the expression patterns of crayfish serotonin receptors must be compared in dominant and subordinate animals. Two of potentially five serotonin receptors in crayfish have been cloned, sequenced, and pharmacologically characterized. Measurements of receptor expression in the whole CNS of dominant and subordinate crayfish have produced inconclusive results, probably because each receptor is widespread in the nervous system and is likely to experience opposite expression changes in different areas of the CNS. Both receptors have recently been found in identified neurons that mediate escape responses, and so the next step will be to measure their expression in these identified cells in dominant and subordinate animals. |
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Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA |
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0070-2153 |
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PMID:16860668 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4364 |
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Author |
Lee, J.; Paik, M. |
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Title |
Sex preferences and fertility in South Korea during the year of the Horse |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Demography |
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Demography |
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43 |
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2 |
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269-292 |
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Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*psychology; *Astrology; Attitude/*ethnology; Chronology; *Culture; Female; *Fertility; Humans; Korea; Male; *Mythology; Risk; *Sex Ratio; Social Desirability; Time |
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Since antiquity, people in several East Asian countries, such as China, Japan, and South Korea, have believed that a person is destined to possess specific characteristics according to the sign of the zodiac under which he or she was born. South Koreans, in particular, have traditionally considered that the year of the Horse bears inauspicious implications for the birth of daughters. Using monthly longitudinal data at the region level in South Korea between 1970 and 2003, we found that in the year of the Horse, the sex ratio at birth significantly increased while fertility decreased. |
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Department of Economics, Sam M. Walton College of Business, Business Building 402, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701-1201, USA. jlee@walton.uark.edu |
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0070-3370 |
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PMID:16889129 |
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1867 |
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Henry, S.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.; Hausberger, M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Influence of various early human-foal interferences on subsequent human-foal relationship |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Developmental psychobiology |
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Dev Psychobiol |
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48 |
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8 |
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712-718 |
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Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Animals, Newborn/*psychology; Animals, Suckling/*psychology; Behavior, Animal; Female; *Handling (Psychology); Horses/*psychology; Humans; Mothers/psychology; *Object Attachment; Species Specificity |
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Whereas the way animals perceive human contact has been particularly examined in pet animals, a small amount of investigations has been done in domestic ungulates. It was nevertheless assumed that, as pet animals, non-aggressive forms of tactile contact were as well rewarding or positive for these species, even though the features of intraspecific relationships in pet animals and domestic ungulates may be to some extent different.We test here the hypothesis that horses may not consider physical handling by humans as a positive event. When comparing different early human-foal interactions, we found that early exposure to a motionless human enhanced slightly foals reactions to humans whereas forced stroking or handling in early life did not improve later human-foal relation. Foals that were assisted during their first suckling (e.g., brought to the dam's teat) even tended to avoid human approach at 2 weeks, and physical contact at 1 month of age.We argue that interspecies differences may exist in how tactile stimulation is perceived. It may be important for the establishment of a bond that a young animal is active in the process and able, through its behavioral responses, to help define what is positive for it. This way of investigation may have important general implications in how we consider the development of social relations, both within and between species. |
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UMR CNRS 6552, Ethologie-Evolution-Ecologie, Universite de Rennes 1, Avenue du General Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France. severine.henry@univ-rennes1.fr |
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0012-1630 |
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PMID:17111402 |
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1781 |
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Author |
Grange, S.; Duncan, P. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Bottom-up and top-down processes in African ungulate communities: resources and predation acting on the relative abundance of zebra and grazing bovids |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Ecography |
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29 |
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6 |
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899-907 |
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African ungulate populations appear to be limited principally by their food resources. Within ungulate communities, plains zebras coexist with grazing bovids of similar body size, but rarely are the dominant species. Given the highly effective nutritional strategy of the equids and the resistance of zebras to drought, this is unexpected and suggests that zebra populations may commonly be limited by other mechanisms. Long-term research in the Serengeti ecosystem and in the Kruger National Park suggests that zebra could be less sensitive to food shortage, and more sensitive to predation, than grazing bovids: if this is a general principle, then, at a larger scale, resource availability should have a weaker effect on the abundance of zebra than on grazing ruminants of similar body size (wildebeest and buffalo), and zebras should be relatively more abundant in ecosystems where predators are rare or absent. We test these expectations using data on 23 near-natural ecosystems in east and southern Africa. The abundance of wildebeest is more closely related to resources than is that of zebra; buffalo are intermediate. We show that hyena densities are closely correlated with those of lions, and use the abundance of lions as an index of predation by large predators. The numerical response of lions to increases in the abundance of their prey was linear for mesoherbivores, and apparently so for the three species alone. Finally, the abundance of zebra relative to grazing bovids is lower in ecosystems with high biomasses of lions. These results indicate that zebras may commonly be more sensitive to top-down processes than grazing bovids: the mechanism(s) have not been demonstrated, but predation could play a role. If it is true, then when numbers of the large mammalian predators decline, zebra populations should increase faster than buffalo and wildebeest. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Grange2006 |
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2313 |
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Author |
Trillmich, F.; Rehling, A. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Animal Communication: Parent-Offspring |
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Book Chapter |
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2006 |
Publication ![sorted by Publication field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |
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284-288 |
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Begging Strategies; Communication; Competition; Feeding Strategies; Fitness; Parental Care; Parent-Offspring Conflict; Recognition; Sibling Conflict |
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Parent-offspring communication has evolved under strong selection to guarantee that the valuable resource of parental care is expended efficiently on raising offspring. To ensure allocation of parental care to their own offspring, individual recognition becomes established in higher vertebrates when the young become mobile at a time when a nest site can no longer provide a safe cue to recognition. Such recognition needs to be established by rapid, sometimes imprinting-like, processes in animals producing precocial offspring. In parents, offering strategies that stimulate feeding and entice offspring to approach the right site have evolved. Such parental signals can be olfactory, acoustic, or visual. In offspring, begging strategies involve shuffling for the best place to obtain food – be this the most productive teat or the best position in the nest. This involves signals that make the offspring particularly obvious to the parent. Parents often feed young according to their signaling intensity but may also show favoritism for weaker offspring. Offspring signals also serve to communicate the continuing presence of the young and may thereby maintain brood-care behavior in parents. Internal processes in parents may end parental care irrespective of further signaling by offspring, thus ensuring that offspring cannot manipulate parents into providing substantially more care than is optimal for their own fitness. |
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Elsevier |
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Oxford |
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Keith Brown |
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9780080448541 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4642 |
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