| Records |
| Author |
Chase, I.D.; Bartolomeo, C.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
| Title |
Aggressive interactions and inter-contest interval: how long do winners keep winning? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication  |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
393-400 |
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| Abstract |
Abstract. Considerable evidence across many taxa demonstrates that prior social experience affects the outcome of subsequent aggressive interactions. Although the 'loser effect', in which an individual losing one encounter is likely to lose the next, is relatively well understood, studies of the 'winner effect', in which winning one encounter increases the probability of winning the next, have produced mixed results. Earlier studies differ concerning whether a winner effect exists, and if it does, how long it lasts. The variation in results, however, may arise from different inter-contest intervals and procedures for selecting contestants employed across previous studies. These methodological differences are addressed through a series of experiments using randomly selected winners and three different inter-contest intervals in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. The results indicate that a winner effect does in fact exist in pumpkinseed sunfish, but that it only lasts between 15 and 60 min. Based on these results, predictions about the behavioural dynamics of hierarchy formation are discussed, and it is suggested that it may be impossible, in principle, to predict the outcome of dominance interactions between some individuals before they are actually assembled to form a group. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the winner effect are explored. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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873 |
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| Author |
Heyes CM |
| Title |
Reflections on self-recognition in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
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Pages |
909 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3005 |
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| Author |
Boesch, C. |
| Title |
Cooperative hunting in wild chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
653-667 |
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| Abstract |
A model for the evolution of cooperation shows that two conditions are necessary for cooperation to be stable: a hunting success rate that is low for single hunters and increases with group size, and a social mechanism limiting access to meat by non-hunters. Testing this model on TaI chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, showed that (1) it pays for individuals to hunt in groups of three or four rather than alone or in pairs, and (2) cooperation is stable because hunters gain more at these group sizes than cheaters, owing to a meat-sharing pattern in which hunting, dominance and age, in that order, determine how much an individual gets. In addition, hunters provide cheaters (about 45% of the meat eaters) with the surplus they produce during the hunts. Thus, cooperation in Tai male chimpanzees is an evolutionarily stable strategy, and its success allows cheating to be an evolutionarily stable strategy for Tai female chimpanzees. In Gombe chimpanzees, cooperation is not stable, first, because hunting success is very high for single hunters, and second, because no social mechanism exists that limits access to meat by non-hunters. The analysis showed that some assumptions made when discussing cooperation in other social hunters might be wrong. This might downgrade our general perception of the importance of cooperation as an evolutionary cause of sociality. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4715 |
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| Author |
Manson, J.H. |
| Title |
Male aggression: a cost of female mate choice in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
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Pages |
473-475 |
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10.1006/anbe.1994.1262 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4888 |
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| Author |
Petit, O.; Thierry, B. |
| Title |
Aggressive and peaceful interventions in conflicts in Tonkean macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1427-1436 |
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Abstract. Peaceful interventions in conflicts are an extremely rare phenomenon in most primate species. In contrast to aggressive interventions, they cannot lead to gains in terms of competition. To clarify the function and origin of this behaviour, the patterning and consequences of peaceful and aggressive interventions were studied in a semi-free ranging group of tonkean macaques, Macaca tonkeana. Intense conflicts frequently elicited both types of intervention. Interveners preferentially targeted the initiator of the conflict, who was generally the dominant of the two opponents. Males tended to intervene more than females, especially using peaceful interventions. Interventions were frequently performed on behalf of the most closely kin-related opponent; this was true particularly for aggressive interventions. In peaceful interventions, the intervener was usually dominant over both parties. Lipsmacking, clasping, mounting and social play were mainly used, and were successful in halting aggression. Peaceful interventions were frequently followed by an affinitive interaction, such as grooming, between intervener and target. Peaceful interventions thus appear to protect the beneficiary while preserving the social relationship between intervener and target. The origin of the behaviour can be traced to the epigenetic constraints arising from the species-specific social organization. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5244 |
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Ishida, N.; Hirano, T.; Mukoyama, H. |
| Title |
Detection of aberrant alleles in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
287 |
| Keywords |
*Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; *DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics; Female; Gene Frequency; Genomic Imprinting; Horses/*genetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedigree; *Polymorphism, Genetic |
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Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo |
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English |
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0268-9146 |
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PMID:7985852 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2213 |
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Breen, M.; Downs, P.; Irvin, Z.; Bell, K. |
| Title |
Intrageneric amplification of horse microsatellite markers with emphasis on the Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
| Volume |
25 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
401-405 |
| Keywords |
Animals; DNA, Satellite/*genetics; *Gene Amplification; Gene Frequency; *Genetic Markers; Heterozygote; Horses/*genetics; Species Specificity |
| Abstract |
Primer sequences flanking 13 microsatellite loci isolated from the domestic horse (E. caballus) were successfully used to amplify homologous loci in the Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii). The results demonstrate that the level of polymorphism at all 13 loci in the Przewalski's horse was comparable to that in the domestic horse and the overall exclusion probability in the Przewalski's horse was calculated to be 0.9994. The results suggest that it should be possible to use E. caballus-derived microsatellite markers to provide parentage verification and additional valuable information to the captive management of E. przewalskii. The ability to amplify corresponding loci in the remaining five species of the genus was also confirmed, illustrating the general application of markers isolated from the domestic horse to the evaluation of polymorphism in the other six species of the genus. |
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Australian Equine Blood Typing Research Laboratory, University of Queensland, St Lucia |
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0268-9146 |
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PMID:7695120 |
Approved |
no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2246 |
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| Author |
Rubenstein, D. I. |
| Title |
The ecology of female social behaviour in horses, zebras and asses |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Societies |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Societies |
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Issue |
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Pages |
13-28 |
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Kyoto University Press |
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Jarman, P.J.;, Rositter, A. |
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4-87698-014-4 |
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yes |
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1528 |
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| Author |
Bekoff, M. |
| Title |
Cognitive Ethology and the Treatment of Non-Human Animals: How Mati'ers of Mind Inform Mati'ers of Welfare |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
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3 |
Issue |
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75-96 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3457 |
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| Author |
Araba, B.D.; Crowell-Davis, S.L. |
| Title |
Dominance relationships and aggression of foals (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
1-25 |
| Keywords |
aggression; dominance; horse; Equus caballus |
| Abstract |
Studied a herd of 15 Belgian brood-mares and 10 foals. Specific aspects of social structure studied were dominance-subordinance relationships, preferred associates, social spacing, aggression rates, the frequency of aggressions administered down the dominance hierarchy, and interactive play bouts. The rank order of the foals, both before and after weaning, was positively correlated with the rank order of their dams. There was also a significant relationship between a foal's rank and its total aggression or aggression rate per subordinate post-weaning. Higher ranking foals had higher rates of aggression. Over 80% of threats were directed down the dominance hierachy. The play-rank order of the foals, scored by the number of times foal left a play bout, was not significantly correlated with the rank order as scored by agonistic interactions. -from Authors |
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Dept Anatomy and Radiology, Univ of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA |
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01681591 (Issn) |
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refbase @ user @ |
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790 |
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