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Author De Moraes Ferrari,E. A.; Todorov, J. C. doi  openurl
  Title Concurrent avoidance of shocks by pigeons pecking a key Type Journal Article
  Year 1980 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal J Exp Anal Behav.  
  Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 329-333  
  Keywords concurrent schedules, unsignaled avoidance, negative reinforcement, key pecking, pigeon  
  Abstract Three pigeons were studied on concurrent, unsignaled, avoidance schedules in a two-key procedure. Shock-shock intervals were two seconds in both schedules. The response-shock interval on one key was always 22 seconds, while the response-shock interval associated with the other key was varied from 7 to 52 seconds in different experimental conditions. Response rates on the key associated with the varied schedule tended to decrease when the response-shock interval length was increased. Responding on the key associated with the constant schedule was not systematically affected.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3586  
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Author Byrne, R. W.; Russon, A. E. doi  openurl
  Title Learning by imitation: a hierachical approach Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal Behav. Brain Sci.  
  Volume 21 Issue Pages 667-721  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5598  
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Author Whiten, A.; Ham, R. openurl 
  Title On the nature and evolution of imitation in the animal kingdom: reappraisal of a century of research. Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal Adv. Study Behav.  
  Volume 21 Issue Pages 239-283  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5599  
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Author Salmivalli, C.; Lagerspetz, K.; Björkqvist, K.; Österman, K.; Kaukiainen, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication (up) Aggressive Behavior Abbreviated Journal Aggr. Behav.  
  Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 1-15  
  Keywords aggressive behavior; peer relations; roles; social acceptance; social groups; victimization  
  Abstract Bullying was investigated as a group process, a social phenomenon taking place in a school setting among 573 Finnish sixth-grade children (286 girls, 287 boys) aged 12–13 years. Different Participant Roles taken by individual children in the bullying process were examined and related to a) self-estimated behavior in bullying situations, b) social acceptance and social rejection, and c) belongingness to one of the five sociometric status groups (popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, and average). The Participant Roles assigned to the subject were Victim, Bully, Reinforcer of the bully, Assistant of the bully, Defender of the victim, and Outsider. There were significant sex differences in the distribution of Participant Roles. Boys were more frequently in the roles of Bully, Reinforcer and Assistant, while the most frequent roles of the girls were those of Defender and Outsider. The subjects were moderately well aware of their Participant Roles, although they underestimated their participation in active bullying behavior and emphasized that they acted as Defenders and Outsiders. The sociometric status of the children was found to be connected to their Participant Roles. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  
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  Publisher Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 1098-2337 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5435  
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Author Bateson, P. doi  openurl
  Title Play, playfulness, creativity and innovation. Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication (up) Animal Behavior and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav. Cogn.  
  Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 99-112  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6553  
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Author Dawson, B.V.; Foss, B.M. doi  openurl
  Title Observational learning in budgerigars Type Journal Article
  Year 1965 Publication (up) Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 470-474  
  Keywords Animals; *Attention; *Behavior, Animal; Birds; *Learning  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2991  
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Author Dingemanse, N.J.; Both, C.; Drent, P.J.; van Oers, K.; van Noordwijk, A.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Repeatability and heritability of exploratory behaviour in great tits from the wild Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication (up) Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 64 Issue 6 Pages 929-938  
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  Abstract We investigated whether individual great tits, Parus major, vary consistently in their exploratory behaviour in a novel environment and measured the repeatability and heritability of this trait. Wild birds were caught in their natural habitat, tested in the laboratory in an open field test on the following morning, then released at the capture site. We measured individual consistency of exploratory behaviour for recaptured individuals (repeatability) and estimated the heritability with parent-offspring regressions and sibling analyses. Measures of exploratory behaviour of individuals at repeated captures were consistent in both sexes and study areas (repeatabilities ranged from 0.27 to 0.48). Exploration scores did not differ between the sexes, and were unrelated to age, condition at fledging or condition during measurement. Heritability estimates were 0.22-0.41 (parent-offspring regressions) and 0.37-0.40 (sibling analyses). We conclude that (1) consistent individual variation in open field behaviour exists in individuals from the wild, and (2) this behavioural variation is heritable. This is one of the first studies showing heritable variation in a behavioural trait in animals from the wild, and poses the question of how this variation is maintained under natural conditions. Copyright 2002 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.  
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  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5389  
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Author Bode, N.W.F.; Wood, A.J.; Franks, D.W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The impact of social networks on animal collective motion Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication (up) Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 29-38  
  Keywords collective motion; group cohesion; group position; hierarchical dynamics; social network  
  Abstract Many group-living animals show social preferences for relatives, familiar conspecifics or individuals of similar attributes such as size, personality or sex. How such preferences could affect the collective motion of animal groups has been rather unexplored. We present a general model of collective animal motion that includes social connections as preferential reactions between individuals. Our conceptual examples illustrate the possible impact of underlying social networks on the collective motion of animals. Our approach shows that the structure of these networks could influence: (1) the cohesion of groups; (2) the spatial position of individuals within groups; and (3) the hierarchical dynamics within such groups. We argue that the position of individuals within a social network and the social network structure of populations could have important fitness implications for individual animals. Counterintuitive results from our conceptual examples show that social structures can result in unexpected group dynamics. This sharpens our understanding of the way in which collective movement can be interpreted as a result of social interactions.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5393  
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Author Siniscalchi, M.; Sasso, R.; Pepe, A.M.; Dimatteo, S.; Vallortigara, G.; Quaranta, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Sniffing with the right nostril: lateralization of response to odour stimuli by dogs Type Journal Article
  Year Publication (up) Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume In Press, Corrected Proof Issue Pages  
  Keywords animal welfare; Canis familiaris; dog; emotion; laterality olfaction; physiology  
  Abstract Lateralization in dogs, Canis familiaris, has been reported for paw usage and response to visual and acoustic stimuli. Surprisingly, however, no investigation of possible lateralization for the most relevant sensory domain of dogs, namely olfaction, has been carried out. Here we investigated left and right nostril use in dogs freely sniffing different emotive stimuli in unrestrained conditions. When sniffing novel nonaversive stimuli (food, lemon, vaginal secretion and cotton swab odours), dogs showed initial preferential use of the right nostril and then a shift towards use of the left nostril with repeated stimulus presentation. When sniffing arousal stimuli such as adrenaline and veterinary sweat odorants, dogs showed a consistent right nostril bias all over the series of stimulus presentations. Results suggest initial involvement of the right hemisphere in processing of novel stimuli followed by the left hemisphere taking charge of control of routine behaviour. Sustained right nostril response to arousal stimuli appears to be consistent with the idea that the sympathetic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is mainly under the control of the right hemisphere. The implications of these findings for animal welfare are discussed.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5394  
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Author Sanga, U.; Provenza, F.D.; Villalba, J.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Transmission of self-medicative behaviour from mother to offspring in sheep Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication (up) Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 82 Issue 2 Pages 219-227  
  Keywords feeding; food selection; Ovis aries; polyethylene glycol; sheep; tannins  
  Abstract Herbivores challenged by diets with high concentrations of tannins learn by individual experience to self-select medicinal compounds such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), which neutralizes the negative postingestive effects of tannins. We investigated the transmission of this acquired self-medicative behaviour from mother to offspring. One group of ewes (experienced, N = 8) was conditioned to associate the beneficial effects of PEG after consuming a tannin-rich diet. Ewes ingested a meal of high-tannin food and were then offered PEG. Subsequently, ewes ingested the same tannin-rich meal and were then offered a food (grape pomace; control) that did not have the medicinal effects of PEG. After conditioning, the experienced group and a naïve group of ewes (N = 8) were given a choice between the high-tannin food, PEG and grape pomace. Experienced ewes showed higher intake and preference for PEG than did naïve ewes (P < 0.05). Subsequently, experienced and naïve ewes with their naïve lambs, as well as a group of naïve lambs without their mothers (N = 8), were exposed to the tannin-rich diet, PEG and grape pomace. Lambs were then tested for their ability to self-medicate with PEG by offering them a choice between the tannin-rich diet, PEG and grape pomace. Lambs from experienced and naïve mothers showed a higher preference for PEG than did lambs exposed without their mothers (P = 0.05). Thus, the presence of the mother (experienced or naïve) was important for naïve lambs to learn about the medicinal benefits of PEG. We conclude that the mother's presence per se may increase the efficiency of creating new knowledge, such as preference for a medicine, within a group, beyond transmitting and maintaining this knowledge across generations.  
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  ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5406  
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