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| Author | Nelson, G.S. | ||||
| Title | Onchocerciasis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1970 | Publication  |
Advances in Parasitology | Abbreviated Journal | Adv Parasitol |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | Pages | 173-224 | |
| Keywords | Africa; Animals; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use; Artiodactyla; Blindness/etiology; Cattle; Circadian Rhythm; Ddt; Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use; Diptera/anatomy & histology/growth & development; Dwarfism/etiology; Ecology; Eye/pathology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Geography; Haplorhini; Hernia, Femoral/etiology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/growth & development; Larva/growth & development; Male; Onchocerca/classification/growth & development; *Onchocerciasis/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology/pathology/prevention & control/veterinary; Primates; Serologic Tests; Skin/pathology; Skin Tests; Suramin/therapeutic use | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0065-308X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4997515 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2738 | ||
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| Author | Wittemyer, G.; Getz, W.M. | ||||
| Title | Hierarchical dominance structure and social organization in African elephants, Loxodonta africana | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication |
Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 671-681 |
| Keywords | African elephant; between-group competition; Loxodonta africana; nepotism; resource distribution; socioecology; transitive dominance; within-group competition | ||||
| Abstract | According to the socioecological framework, transitivity (or linearity) in dominance relationships is related to competition over critical resources. When a population is structured into groups, the intensity of between- versus within-group competition influences the form and function of its social organization. Few studies have compared the type and relative intensity of competition at these two levels. African elephants have well-structured social relations, providing an exemplary system for such a study. We report on dominance hierarchies among free-ranging elephants and evaluate the factors that drive their socioecological structure to lie in a region of the three-dimensional nepotism/despotism/tolerance space rarely observed among social species; namely, where non-nepotistic, transitive dominance hierarchies within groups emerge despite kin-based philopatry and infrequent agonistic interactions over widely distributed resources. We found significant transitivity in dominance hierarchies between groups. Dominance relations among the matriarchs of different social groups were primarily age based, rather than driven by physical or group size, and group matriarch rank influenced the dominance relationships among nonmatriarchal females in the population. Our results suggest that between-group dominance relationships induce tolerance among group members, which in combination with high group relatedness, reduces the benefits of nepotism. We postulate that cognitive abilities and high risk of injury in contests enhance winner and loser effects, facilitating the formation of transitive dominance relationships, despite widely distributed resources over which infrequent competition occurs. The interplay of cognitive abilities, winner and loser effects, resource distribution, and within- and between-group dominance relationships may produce behaviour in other strongly social mammals that differs from that predicted by a superficial application of current socioecological models. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 449 | ||
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| Author | Giret, N.; Miklósi, Á.; Kreutzer, M.; Bovet, D. | ||||
| Title | Use of experimenter-given cues by African gray parrots ( Psittacus erithacus ) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication |
Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-10 |
| Keywords | African gray parrots (Psittacus erithacus) – Gaze – Heterospecific communication – Object-choice – Pointing – Referential signals | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract: One advantage of living in a social group is the opportunity to use information provided by other individuals. Social information can be based on cues provided by a conspecific or even by a heterospecific individual (e.g., gaze direction, vocalizations, pointing gestures). Although the use of human gaze and gestures has been extensively studied in primates, and is increasingly studied in other mammals, there is no documentation of birds using these cues in a cooperative context. In this study, we tested the ability of three African gray parrots to use different human cues (pointing and/or gazing) in an object-choice task. We found that one subject spontaneously used the most salient pointing gesture (looking and steady pointing with hand at about 20 cm from the baited box). The two others were also able to use this cue after 15 trials. None of the parrots spontaneously used the steady gaze cues (combined head and eye orientation), but one learned to do so effectively after only 15 trials when the distance between the head and the baited box was about 1 m. However, none of the parrots were able to use the momentary pointing nor the distal pointing and gazing cues. These results are discussed in terms of sensitivity to joint attention as a prerequisite to understand pointing gestures as it is to the referential use of labels. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4748 | ||
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| Author | Moehlman, P.D.; Kebede, F.; Yohannes, H. | ||||
| Title | The African wild ass (Equus africanus): conservation status in the horn of Africa | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 2-3 | Pages | 115-124 |
| Keywords | Equus africanus; Critically endangered; Extinction | ||||
| Abstract | From 1989 to 1996, surveys were made in most of the historic range of African wild asses in Somalia, Ethiopia, and Eritrea. From the 1970s to the mid 1990s populations of African wild asses (Equus africanus, Fitzinger, 1857) in Somalia and Ethiopia have declined from approximately 6 to 30 per 100 km2 to 1 or 2 per 100 km2. Given the current IUCN criteria, they are Critically Endangered (CR) and face extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future, as their populations have been reduced by at least 80% over the last 10+ years (IUCN, 1994). Basic research is needed on this species as scientific information on its reproductive biology, behavior, ecology, and genetics is very limited. Improved support needs to be provided to existing parks and reserves and new multiple use reserves need to be established. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2380 | ||
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| Author | Klingel, H. | ||||
| Title | Observations on social organization and behaviour of African and Asiatic Wild Asses (Equus africanus and Equus hemionus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl Anim Behav Sci |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 103-113 |
| Keywords | Equus africanus Equus hemionus Territoriality | ||||
| Abstract | 1This paper appears with kind permission of Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg. It was originally published in Z. Tierpsychol., 44, 323-331 (1977), ISSN 0044-3573/ASTM-Coden: ZETIAG.1 Abstract African and Asiatic Wild Asses (Equus africanus and Equus hemionus) live in unstable groups or herds of variable composition. Some of the adult stallions are territorial in large territories in which they tolerate other ♂♂. The territorial ♂♂ are dominant over all their conspecifics |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6173 | ||
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| Author | [No authors listed] | ||||
| Title | African horse sickness--a serious disease | Type | |||
| Year | 2006 | Publication |
Australian Veterinary Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Aust Vet J |
| Volume | 84 | Issue | 5 | Pages | N24-5 |
| Keywords | *African Horse Sickness/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control/transmission; African horse sickness virus/pathogenicity; Animals; Australia/epidemiology; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/veterinary; *Equidae; Horses; Vaccination/veterinary | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0005-0423 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16739521 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2356 | ||
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| Author | Vidya, T.N.C.; Sukumar, R. | ||||
| Title | Social and reproductive behaviour in elephants | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication |
Current Science (Bangalore) | Abbreviated Journal | Curr Sci |
| Volume | 89 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 1200-1207 |
| Keywords | Acoustic communication; dispersal; Elephas maximus; Loxodonta africana; musth; social organization | ||||
| Abstract | We present a review of studies on elephant social and reproductive behaviour. While the social organization of the African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana africana) has been intensively studied,that of the African forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) are poorly understood. Noninvasive molecular methods are useful in combination with behavioural data in understanding social organization and dispersal strategies. The ecological determinants of social organization, and the importance of matriarchal leadership to social groups, and relative importance of different forms of communication under various ecological conditions remain interesting topics that await investigation. Reproductive behaviour also has been examined in detail only in the African savannah elephant, although rigorous chemical analyses continue to be carried out using captive elephants of both species. Improved laboratory techniques may enable future work on reproductive signalling in free-ranging elephants, allowing for comprehensive studies of male-male interactions and mate choice by females. | ||||
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| Notes | Copyright for this article belongs to Indian Academy of Sciences. | Approved | yes | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4703 | ||
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| Author | Sanchez-Vizcaino, J.M. | ||||
| Title | Control and eradication of African horse sickness with vaccine | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication |
Developments in Biologicals | Abbreviated Journal | Dev Biol (Basel) |
| Volume | 119 | Issue | Pages | 255-258 | |
| Keywords | African Horse Sickness/epidemiology/*prevention & control; African horse sickness virus/immunology; Animals; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Equidae/*virology; Horses; Insect Control; Insect Vectors/virology; Spain/epidemiology; Viral Vaccines/*administration & dosage | ||||
| Abstract | African horse sickness (AHS) is an infectious but no-contagious viral disease of equidae with high mortality in horses. The disease is caused by an arthropod-borne double-stranded RNA virus within the genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae transmitted by at least two species of Culicoides. Nine different serotypes have been described. The nine serotypes of AHS have been described in eastern and southern Africa. Only AHS serotypes 9 and 4 have been found in West Africa from where they occasionally spread into countries surrounding the Mediterranean. Examples of outbreaks that have occurred outside Africa are: in the Middle East (1959-1963), in Spain (serotype 9, 1966, serotype 4, 1987-1990), and in Portugal (serotype 4, 1989) and Morocco (serotype 4, 1989-1991). Laboratory diagnosis of AHS is essential. Although the clinical signs and lesions are characteristic, they can be confused with those of other diseases. Several techniques have been adapted for the detection of RNA segments, antibodies and antigen. Two types of vaccines have been described for AHS virus. Attenuated live vaccines (monovalent and polyvalent) for use in horses, mules and donkeys, are currently available, as well as a monovalent, serotype 4, inactivated vaccine, produced commercially but no longer available. New vaccines, including a subunit vaccine, have been evaluated experimentally. In this paper a review of the last AHS outbreaks in Spain, occurring during 1987-1990, and affecting the central and south part of the country, is presented. The role that vaccination played for the control and eradication of the disease, as well as other aspects such as climatological conditions, number of vectors and horse management, are also presented and evaluated. | ||||
| Address | Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. jmvizcaino@vet.ucm.es | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1424-6074 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15742636 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2357 | ||
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| Author | Sinclair, M.; Buhrmann, G.; Gummow, B. | ||||
| Title | An epidemiological investigation of the African horsesickness outbreak in the Western Cape Province of South Africa in 2004 and its relevance to the current equine export protocol | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication |
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association | Abbreviated Journal | J S Afr Vet Assoc |
| Volume | 77 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 191-196 |
| Keywords | African Horse Sickness/diagnosis/*epidemiology; African horse sickness virus/*isolation & purification; Animals; Ceratopogonidae/virology; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary; Female; Horses; Insect Vectors/virology; Male; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sentinel Surveillance; South Africa/epidemiology; Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage | ||||
| Abstract | African Horsesickness (AHS) is a controlled disease in South Africa. The country is divided into an infected area and a control area. An outbreak of AHS in the control area can result in a ban of exports for at least 2 years. A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out on data collected during the 2004 AHS outbreak in the surveillance zone of the AHS control area in the Western Cape Province. The objective of this study was to describe the 2004 outbreak and compare it with the 1999 AHS outbreak in the same area. As part of the investigation, a questionnaire survey was conducted in the 30 km radius surrounding the index case. Spatial, temporal and population patterns for the outbreak are described. The investigation found that the outbreak occurred before any significant rainfall and that the main AHS vector (Culicoides imicola) was present in abundance during the outbreak. Furthermore, 63% of cases occurred at temperatures < or = 15 degrees C, the Eerste River Valley was a high risk area, only 17% of owners used vector protection as a control measure and 70% of horses in the outbreak area were protected by means of vaccination at the start of the outbreak. The study revealed that the current AHS control measures do not function optimally because of the high percentage of vaccinated horses in the surveillance zone, which results in insufficient sentinel animals and the consequent failure of the early warning system. Alternative options for control that allow continued export are discussed in the paper. | ||||
| Address | State Veterinarian Epidemiology, Elsenburg, South Africa. marnas@elsenburg.com | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1019-9128 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17458343 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2354 | ||
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| Author | Pitchford, R.J.; Visser, P.S.; du Toit, J.F.; de Pienaar, U.V.; Young, E. | ||||
| Title | Observations on the ecology of Schistosoma mattheei Veglia & Le Roux, 1929, in portion of the Kruger National Park and surrounding area using a new quantitative technique for egg output | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1973 | Publication |
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association | Abbreviated Journal | J S Afr Vet Assoc |
| Volume | 44 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 405-420 |
| Keywords | Animals; Artiodactyla; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Feces; Goats; Haplorhini; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Methods; Monkey Diseases/epidemiology; Papio; Parasite Egg Count; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology/*veterinary; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; South Africa; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1019-9128 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4212207 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2711 | ||
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