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	Author	Virányi, Zs.; Range, F.; Huber, L.
	Title	Attentiveness toward others and social learning in domestic dogs.			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2008	Publication	Learning from Animals?: Examining the Nature of Human Uniqueness	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	141-154
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Psychology Press	Place of Publication	New York, NY	Editor	Röska-hardy,L.S.. ;Neumann-held, E.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-1-84169-707-9	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4974
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	Author	Dyer, F.C.
	Title	Spatial Cognition: Lessons from Central-place Foraging Insects			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1998	Publication	Animal Cognition in Nature	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	119-154
	Keywords
	Abstract	Summary Spatial orientation has played an extremely important role in the development of ideas about the behavioral capacities of animals. Indeed, as the modern scientific study of animal behavior emerged from its roots in zoology and experimental psychology, studies of spatial orientation figured in the work of many of the pioneering researchers, including Tinbergen (), von ), Watson () and .
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Academic Press	Place of Publication	London	Editor	Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9780120770304	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2913
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	Author	Smith, W.J.
	Title	Cognitive Implications of an Information-sharing Model of Animal Communication			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1998	Publication	Animal Cognition in Nature	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	227-243
	Keywords
	Abstract	Summary In social communication, one animal signals and another responds. Several cognitive steps are involved as the second animal selects its responses; these steps can be described as follows in terms of an informational model. First, the responding individual must evaluate the information made available by the signaling on the basis of other information, available from sources contextual to the signal. Second, the respondent must fit all of the relevant information into patterns generated from recall of past events (conscious recall is not generally required; pattern fitting is a fundamental skill). Third, conditional predictions must be made; and fourth, the individual must test and modify any of these predictions for which significant consequences exist. Many vertebrate animals appear to respond to signaling with considerable flexibility. Communicative events are thus complex but are by no means intractable. Indeed, communication provides us with excellent opportunities to investigate animal cognition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Academic Press	Place of Publication	London	Editor	Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9780120770304	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2914
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	Author	Beer, C.G.
	Title	Varying Views of Animal and Human Cognition			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1998	Publication	Animal Cognition in Nature	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	435-456
	Keywords
	Abstract	Summary In this chapter I want to stand back from the splendid empirical work on animal cognitive capacities that is the focus of this book, and look at the broader context of cognitive concerns within which the work can be viewed. Indeed even the term `cognitive ethology' currently connotes and denotes more than is represented here, as other collections of articles, such as and , exemplify. I include the current descendants of behavioristic learning theory, evolutionary epistemology, evolutionary psychology and the recent comparative turn that has been taken in cognitive science. These several approaches, despite their considerable overlap, often appear independent and even ignorant of one another. Like the proverbial blind men feeling the hide of an elephant, they touch hands from time to time, yet collectively have only a piecemeal and distributed understanding of the shape of the whole. Although each approach may indeed need the space to work out its own conceptual and methodological preoccupations without confounding interference from other views, a utopian spirit envisages an ultimate coming together, a more comprehensive realization of the synthetic approach to animal cognition that is this book's theme.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Academic Press	Place of Publication	London	Editor	Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9780120770304	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2915
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	Author	Kamil, A.C.
	Title	On the Proper Definition of Cognitive Ethology			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1998	Publication	Animal Cognition in Nature	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-28
	Keywords
	Abstract	Summary The last 20-30 years have seen two `scientific revolutions' in the study of animal behavior: the cognitive revolution that originated in psychology, and the Darwinian, behavioral ecology revolution that originated in biology. Among psychologists, the cognitive revolution has had enormous impact. Similarly, among biologists, the Darwinian revolution has had enormous impact. The major theme of this chapter is that these two scientific research programs need to be combined into a single approach, simultaneously cognitive and Darwinian, and that this single approach is most appropriately called cognitive ethology.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Academic Press	Place of Publication	London	Editor	Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	9780120770304	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4202
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	Author	de Waal, F.B.
	Title	Cultural primatology comes of age			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	399	Issue	6737	Pages	635-636
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Culture; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0028-0836	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10385107			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	196
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	Author	Flack, J.C.; Girvan, M.; de Waal, F.B.M.; Krakauer, D.C.
	Title	Policing stabilizes construction of social niches in primates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	439	Issue	7075	Pages	426-429
	Keywords	Animals; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Macaca nemestrina/physiology/psychology; Male; Models, Biological; *Social Behavior
	Abstract	All organisms interact with their environment, and in doing so shape it, modifying resource availability. Termed niche construction, this process has been studied primarily at the ecological level with an emphasis on the consequences of construction across generations. We focus on the behavioural process of construction within a single generation, identifying the role a robustness mechanism--conflict management--has in promoting interactions that build social resource networks or social niches. Using 'knockout' experiments on a large, captive group of pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), we show that a policing function, performed infrequently by a small subset of individuals, significantly contributes to maintaining stable resource networks in the face of chronic perturbations that arise through conflict. When policing is absent, social niches destabilize, with group members building smaller, less diverse, and less integrated grooming, play, proximity and contact-sitting networks. Instability is quantified in terms of reduced mean degree, increased clustering, reduced reach, and increased assortativity. Policing not only controls conflict, we find it significantly influences the structure of networks that constitute essential social resources in gregarious primate societies. The structure of such networks plays a critical role in infant survivorship, emergence and spread of cooperative behaviour, social learning and cultural traditions.
	Address	Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA. jflack@santafe.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1476-4687	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16437106			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	298
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	Author	Paz-y-Miño C. G.; Bond, A.B.; Kamil, A.C.; Balda, R.P.
	Title	Pinyon jays use transitive inference to predict social dominance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	430	Issue	7001	Pages	778-781
	Keywords	Animals; Cognition/physiology; Group Structure; Male; Social Dominance; Songbirds/*physiology
	Abstract	Living in large, stable social groups is often considered to favour the evolution of enhanced cognitive abilities, such as recognizing group members, tracking their social status and inferring relationships among them. An individual's place in the social order can be learned through direct interactions with others, but conflicts can be time-consuming and even injurious. Because the number of possible pairwise interactions increases rapidly with group size, members of large social groups will benefit if they can make judgments about relationships on the basis of indirect evidence. Transitive reasoning should therefore be particularly important for social individuals, allowing assessment of relationships from observations of interactions among others. Although a variety of studies have suggested that transitive inference may be used in social settings, the phenomenon has not been demonstrated under controlled conditions in animals. Here we show that highly social pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) draw sophisticated inferences about their own dominance status relative to that of strangers that they have observed interacting with known individuals. These results directly demonstrate that animals use transitive inference in social settings and imply that such cognitive capabilities are widespread among social species.
	Address	Center for Avian Cognition, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1476-4687	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15306809			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @; Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029			Serial	352
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	Author	Gentner, T.Q.; Fenn, K.M.; Margoliash, D.; Nusbaum, H.C.
	Title	Recursive syntactic pattern learning by songbirds			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	440	Issue	7088	Pages	1204-1207
	Keywords	Acoustic Stimulation; Animal Communication; Animals; Auditory Perception/physiology; Humans; Language; Learning/physiology; Linguistics; Models, Neurological; Semantics; Starlings/*physiology; Stochastic Processes
	Abstract	Humans regularly produce new utterances that are understood by other members of the same language community. Linguistic theories account for this ability through the use of syntactic rules (or generative grammars) that describe the acceptable structure of utterances. The recursive, hierarchical embedding of language units (for example, words or phrases within shorter sentences) that is part of the ability to construct new utterances minimally requires a 'context-free' grammar that is more complex than the 'finite-state' grammars thought sufficient to specify the structure of all non-human communication signals. Recent hypotheses make the central claim that the capacity for syntactic recursion forms the computational core of a uniquely human language faculty. Here we show that European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) accurately recognize acoustic patterns defined by a recursive, self-embedding, context-free grammar. They are also able to classify new patterns defined by the grammar and reliably exclude agrammatical patterns. Thus, the capacity to classify sequences from recursive, centre-embedded grammars is not uniquely human. This finding opens a new range of complex syntactic processing mechanisms to physiological investigation.
	Address	Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. tgentner@ucsd.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1476-4687	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16641998			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	353
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Arnold, K.; Zuberbuhler, K.
	Title	Language evolution: semantic combinations in primate calls			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	441	Issue	7091	Pages	303
	Keywords	Animal Migration; Animals; Eagles/physiology; Evolution; Female; Haplorhini/physiology; Male; Predatory Behavior; Semantics; Vocalization, Animal
	Abstract	Syntax sets human language apart from other natural communication systems, although its evolutionary origins are obscure. Here we show that free-ranging putty-nosed monkeys combine two vocalizations into different call sequences that are linked to specific external events, such as the presence of a predator and the imminent movement of the group. Our findings indicate that non-human primates can combine calls into higher-order sequences that have a particular meaning.
	Address	School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1476-4687	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16710411			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	354
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