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Author |
Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. |
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Title |
Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
423 |
Issue |
6938 |
Pages |
432-434 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Energy Metabolism; Food; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity; *Social Behavior; Time Factors |
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Abstract |
Animals that forage socially often stand to gain from coordination of their behaviour. Yet it is not known how group members reach a consensus on the timing of foraging bouts. Here we demonstrate a simple process by which this may occur. We develop a state-dependent, dynamic game model of foraging by a pair of animals, in which each individual chooses between resting or foraging during a series of consecutive periods, so as to maximize its own individual chances of survival. We find that, if there is an advantage to foraging together, the equilibrium behaviour of both individuals becomes highly synchronized. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players spontaneously develop, leading them to adopt different behavioural roles. The individual with lower reserves emerges as the 'pace-maker' who determines when the pair should forage, providing a straightforward resolution to the problem of group coordination. Moreover, the strategy that gives rise to this behaviour can be implemented by a simple 'rule of thumb' that requires no detailed knowledge of the state of other individuals. |
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Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. s.rands@zoo.cam.ac.uk |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:12761547 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5138 |
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Author |
Cancedda, M. |
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Title |
[Social and behavioral organization of horses on the Giara (Sardinia): distribution and aggregation] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale |
Abbreviated Journal |
Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper |
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Volume |
66 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1089-1096 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology; Environment; Female; *Horses/physiology/psychology; Italy; Male; Population Density; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Water |
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Abstract |
In this paper some considerations on the environment of the 42 Kmq of the volcanic-basaltic Giara tableland are discussed. Conditioning by the environment and its effect on the distribution of a population of 712 horses is illustrated in view of their social and behavioural organization. |
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Address |
Istituto di Fisiologia Generale e Speciale, Universita di Sassari |
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Italian |
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Original Title |
Introduzione all'organizzazione sociale e comportamentale dei cavallini sulla Giara (Sardegna): distribuzione ed aggregazione |
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0037-8771 |
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Notes |
PMID:2095819 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
673 |
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Author |
Levin, L.E.; Grillet, M.E. |
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Title |
[Diversified leadership: a social solution of problems in schools of fish] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Acta Cientifica Venezolana |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Cient Venez |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-180 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Fishes; *Leadership; Reversal Learning/*physiology; *Social Behavior |
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Spanish |
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Original Title |
Liderazgo diversificado: una solucion social de problemas en el cardumen |
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ISSN |
0001-5504 |
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Notes |
PMID:3251383 |
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2045 |
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Author |
Puppe, B. |
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Title |
[Social dominance and rank relationships in domestic pigs: a critical review] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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Volume |
109 |
Issue |
11-12 |
Pages |
457-464 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Female; Male; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance; Swine/*psychology |
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Abstract |
Viewing dominance as an attribute of repeated agonistic interactions between two individuals, the present paper reviews theoretical approaches towards concepts of dominance, methods of measurement, and basic principles and problems connected with social dominance in domestic pigs. Domestic pigs are able to establish social organization structures during all stages of their ontogeny. According to definition, dominance relationships occur when a consistent asymmetry of the result of dyadic agonistic interactions can be assessed. This must not necessarily be connected immediately with a better availability of resources, or a high stability of existing dominance relationships, or a functional definition of dominance. When sociometric characteristics are calculated, it seems to be appropriate to use them for different levels of a biological system (individual, individual pair, group). Investigations of social behaviour and dominance in farm animals should take into account that mechanisms of social behaviour in confined environments are often carried out in parts only. Connections of the dominance concept with other concepts of behavioural regulation should be theoretically considered and further investigated by experimental studies. |
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Address |
Forschungsbereich Physiologische Grundlagen der Tierhaltung des Forschungsinstituts fur die Biologie landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere Dummerstorf-Rostock |
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German |
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Original Title |
Soziale Dominanz- und Rangbeziehungen beim Hausschwein: eine kritische Ubersicht |
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ISSN |
0005-9366 |
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Notes |
PMID:8999780 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2861 |
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