| Records |
| Author |
Dowdle, W.R.; Schild, G.C. |
| Title |
Influenza: its antigenic variation and ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Pan Am Health Organ |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
193-195 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Antigens, Viral; Bird Diseases/microbiology; Birds; Hemagglutinins, Viral; Horse Diseases/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/immunology/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/epidemiology; Mutation; Neuraminidase/immunology; Orthomyxoviridae/enzymology/*immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Recombination, Genetic; Swine; Swine Diseases/microbiology |
| Abstract |
Influenza viruses have two surface antigens, the glycoprotein structures hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Antibodies to each of these are associated with immunity, but the structures themselves are antigenically variable. When an antigenic change is gradual over time it is referred to as a drift, while a sudden complete or major change in either or both antigens is termed a shift. The mechanism of antigenic drift is usually attributed to selection of preexisting mutants by pressure from increasing immunity in the human population. The mechanism of antigenic shift is less clear, but one tentative hypothesis is that shifts arise from mammalian or avian reservoirs, or through genetic recombination of human and animal influenza strains. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title  |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0085-4638 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:187273 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2700 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Scherer, W.F.; Madalengoitia, J.; Flores, W.; Acosta, M. |
| Title |
Ecologic studies of Venezuelan encephalitis virus in Peru during 1970-1971 |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1975 |
Publication |
American Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Epidemiol |
| Volume |
101 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
347-355 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Cricetinae/immunology; Culicidae/microbiology; *Disease Vectors; Ecology; *Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/immunology/microbiology/transmission; Female; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Horses/immunology; Humans; Neutralization Tests; Peru |
| Abstract |
Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus has intermittently produced epidemics and equine epizootics on the dry Pacific coastal plain of Peru since at least the 1930's. However, evidence that the virus exists in the Amazon region of Peru to the east of the Andes mountains was not obtained until antibodies were found in human sera collected in 1965, and 10 strains of the virus were isolated in a forest near the city of Iquitos, Peru during February and March 1971. Eight strains came from mosquitoes and two from dead sentinel hamsters. Three hamsters exposed in forests near Iquitos developed VE virus antibodies suggesting that hamster-benign strains also exist there. Antibody tests of equine sera revealed no evidence that VE virus was actively cycling during the late 1950's or 1960's in southern coastal Peru, where equine epizootics had occurred in the 1930's and 1940's. In northern coastal Peru bordering Ecuador, antibodies were present in equine sera, presumably residual from the 1969 outbreak caused by subtype I virus, since neutralizing antibody titers were higher to subtype I virus than to subtypes III or IV. No VE virus was detected in this northern region during the dry season of 1970 by use of sentinel hamsters. The possibility is considered that VE epidemics and equine epizootics on the Pacific coast of Peru are caused by movements of virus in infected vertebrates traversing Andean passes or in infected vertebrates or mosquitoes carried in airplanes from the Amazon region. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0002-9262 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:235838 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2705 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Sudia, W.D.; Fernandez, L.; Newhouse, V.F.; Sanz, R.; Calisher, C.H. |
| Title |
Arbovirus vector ecology studies in Mexico during the 1972 Venezuelan equine encephalitis outbreak |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1975 |
Publication |
American Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Epidemiol |
| Volume |
101 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
51-58 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Arboviruses/isolation & purification; Culicidae/microbiology; Disease Vectors/*microbiology; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/*isolation & purification; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/*transmission/veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/*transmission; Horses; Insect Vectors/microbiology; Mexico |
| Abstract |
Virus vector studies were conducted in the States of Durango, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas, Mexico, in June and July 1972. Apparently only a low level of Venzuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus transmission to equines occured at the time of the study, and the infection was restricted to areas which had not experienced overt activity during the preceding year. The low level of infection was associated with a scarcity of mosquitoes. The IB (epidemic) strain of VEE virus was isolated from two pools of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theo.) and the blood of one symptomatic equine. The low mosquito population, the relatively few equine cases observed, and the absence of reports of VEE human disease from the outbreak area suggested VEE virus persistence through a low-level mosquito-equine transmission cycle. Other studies have already indicated that wild vertebrates play no more than a minor role in outbreaks of epidemic VEE. Mosquito collections made in areas of the states of Durango, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas, where considerable epidemic activity of VEE had occurred in 1971, failed to reveal evidence of VEE virus persistence. Twenty-nine ioslations of other arboviruses were also made in these studies: including 22 of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE), 2 of Flanders virus, 1 of Turlock virus, 1 of Trivittatus virus of the California Group, 1 of western equine encephalitis virus (VEE), and 2 (from Santa Rose) which possibly represent a hitherto unknown virus in the Bunyamwera Group. These are the first reports of SLE virus isolations from mosquitoes in Mexico, and the first demonstration of Trivittatus, VEE Turlock and Flanders viruses in Mexico from any source. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0002-9262 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:235213 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2706 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Davies, R.B.; Clark, G.G. |
| Title |
Trypanosomes from elk and horse flies in New Mexico |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Journal of Wildlife Diseases |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Wildl Dis |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
63-65 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Artiodactyla; Blood/microbiology; *Diptera; Ecology; *Insect Vectors; New Mexico; Trypanosoma/*isolation & purification; Trypanosomiasis/microbiology/*veterinary |
| Abstract |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0090-3558 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:4810218 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2709 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Bast, T.F.; Whitney, E.; Benach, J.L. |
| Title |
Considerations on the ecology of several arboviruses in eastern Long Island |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1973 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
109-115 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antibodies, Viral/analysis; Arboviruses/*isolation & purification; Birds; Brain/microbiology; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Viruses/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/veterinary; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Insects; Liver/microbiology; Mites; Neutralization Tests; New York; Snakes; Ticks |
| Abstract |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0002-9637 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:4684881 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2715 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Chmel, L.; Hasilikova, A.; Hrasko, J.; Vlacilikova, A. |
| Title |
The influence of some ecological factors on keratinophilic fungi in the soil |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Sabouraudia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sabouraudia |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
26-34 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Arthrodermataceae/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism; Carbohydrates; Czechoslovakia; Ecology; Fungi/growth & development/*isolation & purification/metabolism; Hair; Horses; Humic Substances; Humidity; Keratins/metabolism; Microsporum/isolation & purification; Mitosporic Fungi/isolation & purification; Phosphates; Seasons; Soil; *Soil Microbiology; Species Specificity; Temperature; Trichophyton/isolation & purification |
| Abstract |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0036-2174 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:5063162 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2719 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Wilhelm, W.E.; Anderson, J.H. |
| Title |
Vahlkampfia lobospinosa (Craig. 1912) Craig. 1913: rediscovery of a coprozoic ameba |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
The Journal of Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Parasitol |
| Volume |
57 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1378-1379 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cattle; Ecology; Feces/microbiology; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Protozoan Infections/epidemiology; *Protozoan Infections, Animal; Sarcodina/*classification/growth & development; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology; Tennessee |
| Abstract |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0022-3395 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:5157177 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2724 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Yamada, T.; Rojanasuphot, S.; Takagi, M.; Wungkobkiat, S.; Hirota, T. |
| Title |
Studies on an epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in the northern region of Thailand in 1969 and 1970 |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Biken Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biken J |
| Volume |
14 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
267-296 |
| Keywords |
Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Arboviruses/immunology; Buffaloes; Cattle; Chickens; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Reactions; Culicidae; Dengue Virus/immunology; Disease Outbreaks; Ducks; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/immunology/isolation & purification; Encephalitis, Japanese/cerebrospinal fluid/*epidemiology/immunology/microbiology/mortality; Female; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Infant; Male; Mice; Neutralization Tests; Swine; Thailand |
| Abstract |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0006-2324 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:4400462 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2728 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
La Riviere, J.W. |
| Title |
Ecology of yeasts in the kefir grain |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
Abbreviated Journal |
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek |
| Volume |
35 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
Suppl:D15-6 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Dairy Products; *Food Microbiology; Horses; Lactobacillus/*growth & development/isolation & purification; Mitosporic Fungi/*growth & development/isolation & purification; Saccharomyces/*growth & development/isolation & purification; Symbiosis |
| Abstract |
|
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0003-6072 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:5311957 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2741 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Nowlan, S.S.; Deibel, R.H. |
| Title |
Group Q streptococci. I. Ecology, serology, physiology, and relationship to established enterococci |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1967 |
Publication |
Journal of Bacteriology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Bacteriol |
| Volume |
94 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
291-296 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Antigens/analysis; Cattle; Dogs; Enterococcus faecalis/metabolism; Feces/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Poultry; Precipitin Tests; Rabbits; Sheep; *Streptococcus/immunology/isolation & purification/metabolism; Swine |
| Abstract |
The group Q streptococci possess unique serological and physiological characteristics which differentiate them from established enterococci. The group Q antigen was not demonstrable in all strains; however, all possessed the group D antigen. All group Q strains were physiologically similar regardless of whether or not they possessed the group Q antigen. These strains differed from the established enterococcal species, as they neither hydrolyzed arginine nor initiated growth in 1.0% methylene blue-milk. They also differed radically in the fermentation of various carbohydrates, especially the polyhydric sugar alcohols. The results indicate that the group Q streptococci constitute a unique taxonomic entity; the species designation Streptococcus avium sp. n. is suggested, owing to their characteristic occurrence in chicken fecal specimens. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0021-9193 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
| Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
| Notes |
PMID:4962699 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2746 |
| Permanent link to this record |
